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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cognitive and emotional conflict in anorexia: reanalysis of a classic case.

This paper outlines a theory of the causation of anorexia. Extending Lewis's work on shame, I propose that anorexia involves an interminable quarrel between patient and family. This quarrel is caused by unacknowledged shame, leading to chain reactions of emotion, sequences of shame and rage. To illustrate, I use an earlier case study, a microanalysis of dialogue in a psychotherapy session. This study provided an analysis of the cognitive structure of the quarrel but not of the emotional structure. The proposed theory complements and extends the earlier study, and suggests a treatment rationale and method.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reanalysis of antisera specificities and binding characteristics of rat pituitary hormone assays.

Rat pituitary hormone radioimmunoassays (RIAs) are widely used in reproductive research, yet data on specificity and binding characteristics of many of the antisera are not widely available. This report characterizes one set of rat antisera supplied by the National Institutes of Health (USA). Rat follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) antisera appear specific, but TSH exhibited significant competition in the rat luteinizing hormone (LH) assay. In addition, statistically significant nonparallelism was demonstrable in all three assay systems. This creates further problems in characterizing antisera cross-reactivity and may make potency estimates for pituitary standards inaccurate.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Gender and the pattern of transmission of measles infection. A reanalysis of data from the Machakos area, Kenya.

Data on measles from the project in the Machakos district, Kenya between 1974 and 1981 have been reanalysed in order to test the impact of sex and cross-sex transmission on severity of infection. In families with several cases, the case fatality rate was high as 11.3% (13/115) during the initial 6 months of the project. In the remaining period, the case fatality rate fell to 2.4% (21/885) (relative risk (RR) = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.39). During the initial period with high mortality, second cases had 4.74 times higher mortality (95% CI: 1.65-13.66) than index cases and there was no difference in mortality between girls and boys (RR = 0.98). Among secondary cases, though not significant, those infected by someone of the opposite sex had a trend toward a higher risk of dying than those infected by someone of their own sex (RR = 2.44, 95% CI: 0.77-7.78). In families with two children of the same sex, the case fatality rate was 9% compared with 29% in families with a boy and a girl (RR = 3.49; 95% CI: 0.96-12.75). In the subsequent period with low mortality, the difference in mortality between index and secondary cases was less pronounced (RR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.03-5.25) and girls had significantly higher case fatality than boys (RR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.09-6.34). There was no difference in this case fatality rate associated with cross-sex transmission of infection (RR = 0.88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed2025

Identification of maternal Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia through retrospective reanalysis of prenatal cfDNA sequencing data.

OBJECTIVE: Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is widely used to detect chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies 21, 13, and 18 and is also effective in screening for copy number variations (CNVs). However, the routine application of NIPS to detect smaller CNVs within the HBB gene, specifically Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia, has yet to be well documented. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of cfDNA-based maternal carrier screening in routine screening for Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 107,300 pregnant women who underwent NIPS at Longgang Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital in Shenzhen from December 2017 to May 2022. Using an improved algorithm, we reanalyzed NIPS data to identify maternal Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia. Positive cases were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) using peripheral blood leukocytes. RESULTS: Among the 107,300 NIPS analyses, 38 maternal deletion CNVs within the HBB gene were identified using the improved algorithm, with a prevalence of 0.035% (38/107,300). MLPA confirmed that all detected deletions were consistent with Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia. The positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia by cfDNA-based maternal carrier screening was 100%. Among the 38 Gγ(Aγδβ)0 cases, 9 were also associated with α-thalassemia deletions, including 4 cases with -SEA/αα, 4 with -α3.7/αα, and 1 with -α4.2/αα. No cases of homozygosity or compound HBB gene variants were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Gγ(Aγδβ)0 thalassemia is not uncommon in China, and repurposed NIPS methodology for maternal genomic analysis in detecting HBB gene deletions is a reliable method for identifying maternal carriers of this disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Predicting respiratory morbidity from pulmonary function tests: a reanalysis of ozone chamber studies.

Some consequences of acute exposure to ozone are best measured in studies of human respiratory responses in controlled exposure chambers. These studies typically examine relationships between exposures to alternative pollutant concentrations and indicators of lung function as measured by spirometry, such as forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1. However, the association of respiratory morbidity with these changes in lung function is not well established. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between ozone-related changes in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms, data from several clinical studies have been reanalyzed. Logistic regression models were used to determine the quantitative relationship between changes in FEV1 and the probability of a mild or moderate lower respiratory symptom. Models were developed that corrected for repeated sampling of individuals and both population-averaged and subject-specific effects were determined. The results indicate the existence of a strong and consistent quantitative relationship between changes in lung function and the probability of a respiratory symptom. Specifically, a 10 percent reduction in FEV1 is associated with a 15 percentage point increase in the probability of a mild, moderate or severe lower respiratory symptom and a 6 percentage point increase in the probability of a moderate or severe lower respiratory symptom.

Atmosphere Exposure Chambers↗
PubMed2002

Beryllium and lung cancer: a reanalysis of a NIOSH cohort mortality study.

This analysis is motivated by recent reviews on the carcinogenicity of beryllium by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and reconsideration by the National Toxicology Program on its classification of the carcinogenicity of beryllium. It reanalyzes data from a 1992 publication of a cohort mortality study conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of workers employed in seven plants producing beryllium in the United States (Ward et al., 1992). That publication reported an increased risk of lung cancer in these workers and concluded that it is most likely due to occupational exposure to beryllium compounds. This present report uses: (1) an adjustment for smoking based on more germane estimates of the association between smoking and mortality from lung cancer; (2) computations of expected lung cancer rates based on alternative comparison populations; and (3) an overall combined estimate of the findings from the individual plants based on meta-analysis. Our findings indicate lower and generally not statistically significant standard mortality ratios that are not compatible with the interpretation of a likely causal association.

Beryllium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study, part II: sensitivity analysis.

Following the validation and replication of the Harvard Six Cities Study (Krewski et al., this issue), we conducted a wide range of sensitivity analyses to explore the observed associations between long-term exposure to fine particle or sulfate air pollution and mortality. We examined the impact of alternative risk models on estimates of risk, taking into account covariates not included in the original analyses. These risk models provided a basis for identifying covariates that may confound or modify the association between fine particle or sulfate air pollution and mortality, and for identifying sensitive population subgroups. The possibility of confounding due to occupational exposures was also investigated. Residence histories were coded for the study subjects and were used to examine temporal patterns of exposure and risk. Our sensitivity analyses showed the mortality risk estimates for fine particle and sulfate air pollution to be highly robust against alternative risk models of the Cox proportional hazards family, including models with additional covariates from the original questionnaires not included in the original published analyses. There was limited evidence of departures from the proportional hazards assumption. Flexible exposure-response models provided some evidence of departures from linearity at both low and high sulfate concentrations. Incorporating information on changes over time in cigarette smoking and body mass index had little effect on the association between fine particles and mortality. There was limited evidence of variation in risk with attained age, gender, smoking status, occupational exposure to dust and fumes, marital status, heart or lung diseases, or lung function. However, air pollution risk did appear to decreasing with increasing educational attainment. Extensive adjustment for occupation using aggregate indices of occupational "dirtiness" and occupational exposure to known lung carcinogens had little impact on the mortality risks associated with particulate air pollution. Our evaluation of population mobility indicated that relatively few subjects moved from their original city of residence. Attempts to identify critical exposure time windows were limited by the lack of marked interindividual variation in temporal exposure patterns throughout the study period. Overall, this extensive sensitivity analysis both supported the conclusions reached by the original investigators and demonstrated the robustness of these conclusions to alternative analytic approaches.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

A reanalysis of the HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio in dense interstellar clouds.

New theoretical and experimental results have prompted a reinvestigation of the HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio in dense interstellar clouds. These results pertain principally but not exclusively to the reaction between HOC+ and H2, which was previously calculated by DeFrees, McLean, and Herbst to possess a large activation energy barrier. New calculations, reported here, indicate that this activation energy barrier is quite small and may well be zero. In addition, experimental results at higher energy and temperature indicate strongly that the reaction proceeds efficiently at interstellar temperatures. If HOC+ does indeed react efficiently with H2 in interstellar clouds, the calculated HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio rises to substantially greater value under standard dense cloud conditions than in deduced via the tentative observation of HOC+ in Sgr B2.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

A reanalysis of IgM Western blot criteria for the diagnosis of early Lyme disease.

A two-step approach for diagnosis of Lyme disease, consisting of an initial EIA followed by a confirmatory Western immunoblot, has been advised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, these criteria do not examine the influence of the prior probability of Lyme disease in a given patient on the predictive value of the tests. By using Bayesian analysis, a mathematical algorithm is proposed that computes the probability that a given patient's Western blot result represents Lyme disease. Assuming prior probabilities of early Lyme disease of 1%-10%, the current CDC minimum criteria for IgM immunoblot interpretation yield posttest probabilities of 4%-32%. The value of the two-step approach for diagnosis of early Lyme disease may be limited in populations at lower risk of disease or when patients present with atypical signs and symptoms.

Blotting, Western↗