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PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary uric acid excretion in patients with carcinoma of the cervix undergoing intracavitary radium therapy.

An attempt is made here to determine the pattern of urinary uric acid excretion in patients with carcinoma of the cervix undergoing intracavitary radium therapy. Eight patients from the Philippine General Hospital were studied using 24-hour urine collection method to study the uric acid level. Result showed a proportionate increased in uric acid excretion with increasing dose of radiation up to 4,800-5,400 rads, after which, uric acid excretion produced an unexpected downtrend even with continued radiation. Maximum uric acid excretion ranged from 680-1,500 mg% with a mean of 1,005 +/- 100 mg%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Radium retention in mature beagles injected at 5 years of age.

Retention of 226Ra was substantially lower in mature beagles injected at 5 years of age compared to corresponding values for young adult beagles injected at 17 months of age. As with young adults, the percentage retention in mature dogs given about 10 microCi/kg exceeded that in mature dogs given 4 microCi/kg or less. Percentage retention, R, at t days after the injection of 10 microCi/kg in mature beagles could be represented by the equation, R = 64.1e-0.233t + 13.0e-0.0048lt + 22.9e-0.000329t, and for mature beagles given 4 microCi/kg or less, R = 38.8e-0.40t + 30.6e-0.0424t + 11.9e-0.00567t + 18.7e-0.000352t. Measured 222Rn/226Ra ratios in bone were similar in mature and young adults. Roughly 66% of the injected radium was excreted by mature dogs during the first 3 weeks, about two-thirds of the total excretion appearing in the feces. Distribution of 226Ra within the skeleton was similar in mature and young adult beagles.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Determination of the effective dose equivalent in gynecologic radium therapy].

In this study, the authors describe how to determine the effective dose equivalent absorbed by occupationally exposed persons during a gynecologic radium therapy. The observed irradiation conditions of the physician and the medical staff are approximated by a standard geometry, for which conversion factors between the measured personal dose, the effective dose equivalent and different organ doses, respectively, are calculated. The results are job-specific conversion factors between dose to a personal dosimeter and the effective dose equivalent for the occupationally exposed persons involved. According to the individual tasks, these factors are between 0.59 and 1.13.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Intrabronchial brachytherapy using 226-radium source.

Present work reports on results of manual brachytherapy in lung cancer using intrabronchial catheter and 226-radium source. Expected dosage was 18 Gy at 1 cm from the source. This therapy was combined with external radiotherapy by 60-cobalt till the dosage about 65 Gy. 19 men were treated, the mean survival was 14.3 months. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Estimates of absorbed dose in different organs in children treated with radium for skin hemangiomas.

Between 1930 and 1959, more than 10,000 infants were treated at Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, with radium (226Ra) needles and/or tubes for hemangioma of the skin. Absorbed dose to the brain, eye lenses, parotid glands, thyroid gland, breast anlage, lungs, stomach, intestine, ovaries, testicles and bone marrow were calculated for each individual. The mean absorbed dose to the different organs ranged from 0.06 to 0.48 Gy. The highest absorbed dose was given to the breast (maximum 47.7 Gy). There was a wide dose range for each organ which was due mainly to differences in the distance between the applicator and the organ. The absorbed dose to all organs decreased on average by 32% during the study period. This was due to a 25% decrease in the treatment time and a change in the distribution of the treatment sites.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Predictibility of the stability constant of a radium-cryptate by means of in vivo data from radioactive alkaline earthes.

By means of a formula, developed by J. Schubert[9] and A. Catsch, H.J. Heller[3] as well as a relation postulated by A. Catsch[1] the "thermodynamic" stability constant of the Radium (222)-cryptate (KRaRa(222) was calculated from measurements of the total body retention of the total body retention of the radioactive alkaline earthes 85SR, 140Ba and 224Ra and its (222)-cryptates in rats [5-7]. From the same in vivo data a direct lineary relationship between the log of the effectiveness quotient, log EQM(222), and the log of the "thermodynamic" stability log KMM(222) was found graphically. The values from the graph correspond with those of the calculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Radium dial workers: issues concerning dose response and modeling.

The mortality pattern of women who began employment as luminizers in the radium dial industry before 1930 was followed through 1990. Hazard models with time-dependent covariates were used on mortality data either organized by individual death times or grouped into cross-classified person-year tables. These models were used to quantify trends in mortality associated with either death from or diagnosis of bone sarcoma or head carcinoma. The accumulation of skeletal doses from 226Ra and 225Ra was an important predictor of the risk of death from bone sarcoma. Women exposed to 226Ra at ages associated with active bone growth were at greater risk of bone sarcoma than women receiving even larger exposures at an age when their skeletons would have been fully developed. Exposure to only 226Ra was found to be an important predictor of risk for carcinoma of the mastoid air cells and paranasal sinuses. For the cranial sites, where adult dimensions are attained early in life, an effect of age at exposure could not be detected.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[Adaptation of an A.G.S. endo-uterine catheter for hysterographic examination during radium therapy (author's transl)].

The authors propose an endo-uterine catheter which will permit a hysterographic examination to be made during utero-vaginal radium therapy, thus making it possible to check: --that the catheter has advancec correctly after insertion; --that the uterine cavity intact: --that the catheter is in the correct place; --its retention during treatment. By using radio-opaque rings and small balloons in the hysterographic examination, it is possible to locate: --the external orifice of the cervix; --the urethral meatus; --the anterior wall of the rectum and the posterior wall of the bladder. In this way, the target volume is loated with precision, and the length, position and activity of the various radio-active sources can be adapted accordingly.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1978

Results of treatment of early stage I carcinoma of the uterine cervix with intracavitary radium alone.

A total of 151 patients with Stage I carcinoma of the uterine cervix received treatment with intracavitary irradiation alone between 1948 and 1971. All patients had a minimum follow-up of five years. There were no local failures. No patient with microinvasive carcinoma (Stage IA) had a regional failure. A maximum of 4% (4/93) of patients with invasive cancer less than 1 cm in diameter (Stage IB-Small Volume) had regional failures. The five year determinate survival rates for patients with Stage IA and IB (Small Volume) lesions were 100% and 96% respectively. The incidence of severe complications was low, with a fistula developing in only one patient. Treatment with intracavitary radium alone is sufficient for patients with invasive cancer less than 1 cm in diameter who have adequate anatomy that allows effective irradiation of the primary lesion and paracervical lymphatics.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A retrospective study of 370 borderline tumors of the ovary treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 1970 to 1982. A review of clinicopathologic features and treatment modalities.

METHODS: Three-hundred seventy patients with borderline tumors treated between 1970 and 1982 at the Norwegian Radium Hospital were analyzed retrospectively for clinicopathologic features, treatment, and survival characteristics. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-eight patients had mucinous tumors, 174 patients had serous tumors, and 18 patients had other types of tumors. There were 311 patients with Stage I, 20 with Stage II, and 39 with Stage III tumors by the classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Most of the patients were treated in conformity with the protocols for invasive carcinoma at the current time. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, and omentectomy were performed in 287 patients and less extensive surgery was performed in 77 patients. Only six patients had residual tumor after surgery. The independent prognostic factors evaluated by Cox analysis in regard to corrected (dead of disease) short-term and long-term survival were stage (P < 0.0001) and histologic type (P = 0.0144); age (P = 0.0115) affected only long-term survival. Adjuvant treatment was of no benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Stage, histologic type, and age had prognostic significance. Fertility-saving surgery can be offered to patients with Stage IA disease with serous or mucinous tumors.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1994

A 10-year experience with splenectomy in patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Splenectomy is a major surgical intervention that has many implications for patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. As debated during the last few decades, the therapeutic benefit must outweigh the surgical risk and the loss of cellular immunity. A more liberal attitude toward splenectomy developed during the years 1980-1990 at the Norwegian Radium Hospital, as illustrated by the higher number of operations performed in the last 5 years (21 patients) compared to the first 5 years (14 patients). METHODS: A 10-year retrospective review of the effects and side effects of splenectomy in 35 patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was performed, based on information obtained from the patient files at the authors' institution. RESULTS: Clinical Stage IV disease was found in 29 patients (83%), and B symptoms in 15 patients (43%). At diagnosis, 26 patients (74%) had splenomegaly, and 8 patients (23%) had primary splenic lymphoma. The surgical mortality was 2.9%, and the morbidity was 37%. Infection was the most common complication, occurring in seven patients (20%). Pneumococcal vaccination had been performed in 13 patients, and the frequency of septicemia and pneumonia tended to be higher during follow-up in unvaccinated patients (not significant). Blood counts returned to normal during the first postoperative month in 18 of 25 patients (72%) who had cytopenia. After splenectomy, a durable remission was achieved in five patients (14%) who did not receive subsequent treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy has the potential to relieve local symptoms, correct cytopenias, and modify the disease course in patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, even in advanced stages, at the cost of an acceptable operative risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Radiotherapy for superficial skin cancer at the Queensland Radium Institute: famine in the land of plenty.

Superficial skin cancer is the most common malignancy in man, and radiotherapy has played an important curative role since the early part of the 20th century. We present an overview of the changing pattern of care for patients with superficial skin cancer at the Queensland Radium Institute (QRI), Brisbane--the skin cancer "capital" of the world. Although some 90,000 clinically-diagnosed skin cancers have been treated by radiotherapy at the QRI during the period 1944-1985, we document a dramatic decline in radiotherapy usage for superficial skin cancers over the past 10-15 years. We identify and discuss the major reasons for this changing pattern of care: (a) policy changes initiated by radiation oncologists because of unsightly radiation scars caused by the Queensland climate, (b) improvements in the availability and technical aspects of surgery and dermatology, and (c) surgical preference.

Climate↗
PubMed2006

Spatial and monthly variations of radium isotopes in produced water during oil production.

Spatial and monthly variations of radium isotope concentrations in produced water have been evaluated during oil production. Samples of produced water were collected and analyzed on a monthly basis over a period of 5 months, the samples being derived from 11 main oil production wells at three Syrian oilfields. The highest average 226Ra, 228Ra and 224Ra concentrations in these samples of water were found to be 41, 37.5 and 1.1 Bql(-1), respectively. The data obtained for 226Ra, 228Ra and the 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio were evaluated statistically and displayed using the Box Plot method; clear variations can be observed from one field to another, indicating differences in the geological formation of the reservoir. The 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio variations reflect the variability of the Th/U mass ratio of the geological formation, suggesting two different source rock types. The calculated mean Th/U mass ratio for these two possible types of source rock were 2.4 and 5.78. In addition, the 228Ra/226Ra mean activity ratio was also used to estimate the age of some deposited scales in tubulars; the results were compared with the 224Ra/228Ra activity ratio dating method. Monthly variations of 226Ra and 228Ra activity concentrations and the 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio in produced water were also observed, the major causes for these variations being related to the type of injection water and interwell reactions. Possible relationships between 226Ra and 228Ra activity concentrations, the 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio and physical and chemical properties of produced water were statistically evaluated; no linear correlations were found.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Radium-226 equilibrium between water and lake herring, Coregonus artedii, tissues attained within fish lifetime: confirmation in this species of one assumption in the simple linear concentration factor model.

Equilibrium conditions are assumed in the simple linear concentration factor model commonly used in simulations of contaminant flow through ecosystems and in dose and risk calculations. Predictions derived from a power function model have suggested that if the time scale of the food-chain transfer is less than six years in fish, radium-226 equilibrium will not be achieved in nature, thereby violating the equilibrium requirement in the concentration factor model. Our results indicate (226)Ra equilibrium is achieved in a natural population of lake herring (Coregonus artedii), contrary to predictions of the power function model.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients seen at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients seen at the Norwegian Radium Hospital, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the EORTC QLQ-C33 and an ad hoc designed questionnaire. In addition, information about the patients' malignant disease and treatment was obtained. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among 716 evaluable patients was 13% and 9% respectively, as assessed with HADS. In hospitalised patients, the risk of psychiatric distress was approximately twice that of patients in the outpatient clinic. Female patients reported significantly more anxiety than men. Patients < 30 or > 70 years old expressed less anxiety than all other patients. Age or gender had no influence on the occurrence of depression. Impaired ability to continue professional work and/or daily life activities, impaired social life and previous psychiatric problems were significantly correlated with anxiety and depression as were impaired physical function, fatigue and pain. The prevalence of depression, but not anxiety, increased in the presence of distant metastases, with less than a month since diagnosis, and with relapse or progression. In the logistic regression analysis, a history of previous psychiatric problems and impaired social life were correlated with both anxiety and depression. Female gender, impaired physical activity and impaired social role function were additional predictive parameters for anxiety, whereas fatigue predicted depression. Careful attention should be paid to cancer patients displaying these problems in order to diagnose and treat depression and anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The solvent extraction of radium using sym-Di[4(5)-tert-butylbenzo]-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid.

The extraction of radium using sym-Di[4(5)-tert-butylbenzo]-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid (DTBDB16C5-OAcH) in toluene is excellent. The reaction is reversible without counterions at pH higher than 9. The distribution ratio decreases as the dissolved concentration of alkaline earth ions increases. Probed factors involved in this solvent extraction system include pH values, solvents, metal ions, and the concentration of DTBDB16C5-OAcH. Liquid scintillation cocktails including Ultima Gold and Hionic Fluor were also evaluated in liquid scintillation counting.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Treatment and outcome of patients with extragonadal germ cell tumours--the Norwegian Radium Hospital's experience 1979-94.

This report reviews 48 patients who from 1979 to 1994 were treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital for newly diagnosed noncerebral extragonadal malignant germ cell tumour (EGGCT). Based on histology and/or serum tumour markers, 12 patients had a seminoma and 36 a non-seminoma. At diagnosis, 33 and 15 patients were classified as having abdominal and mediastinal EGGCT respectively. At the time of diagnosis 13 patients, all with non-seminomatous tumours, had metastases to bone, liver or brain. One patient with abdominal seminoma was cured by radiotherapy alone, whereas cisplatin-based chemotherapy (with or without surgery) was planned in the 47 remaining patients. Twenty-seven out of 42 patients receiving four or more chemotherapy cycles were rendered tumour free by induction chemotherapy, including 5 of the 13 patients with extralymphatic non-pulmonal disease. An additional tumour-free patient died of septicaemia after only two cycles of chemotherapy. Late relapses (after > 2 years) were observed in three patients, and a testicular primary was diagnosed during follow-up in three cases. Seven patients died of treatment-related complications, five of these because of neutropenic septicaemia. The median age of these patients was 52 years compared with 35 years in the remaining 41 patients (P < 0.05). The 5-year overall survival for all 48 patients was 60% (95% CI 46-74%) [cancer-specific 5-year survival 71% (95% CI 50-92%)]. EGGCT is a potentially curable disease, even in patients with very advanced disease. Special attention should, however, be devoted to patients above the age of 40 years because of an increased risk of treatment-related side-effects. Late relapses and the subsequent development of testicular tumours indicate the need for long-term follow-up.

Adult↗