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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Condom social marketing, Pentecostalism, and structural adjustment in Mozambique: a clash of AIDS prevention messages.

Despite significant debate about the efficacy, ideology, and ethics of the method, condom social marketing (CSM) has become the dominant approach to AIDS education in many sub-Saharan African countries. However, critics have charged that social marketing (SM) distracts from the structural determinants of health-related behavior and excludes genuine community participation. This article argues that the diffusion of SM techniques in Africa is not driven by demonstrated efficacy but is attributable to the promotion of privatization and free markets in the structural adjustment era across the region. The CSM experience in a central Mozambican community reveals the dangers of using the method at the expense of community dialogue and participation to confront the AIDS epidemic. The advertising campaign developed to sell condoms has clashed with Pentecostal and Independent Churches, now a majority of the population, that have expanded rapidly across the region spreading a contrasting message about sexuality and risky behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

"Street medicine": Collaborating with a faith-based organization to screen at-risk youths for sexually transmitted diseases.

Chlamydia and gonorrhea rates among African American youths in San Francisco are far higher than those among young people of the city's other racial and ethnic groups. A geographically targeted sexually transmitted disease education and screening intervention performed in collaboration with a local faith-based organization was able to screen hundreds of at-risk youths. The screened individuals included friends and sex partners from an extensive social-sexual network that transcended the boundaries of the target population. The intervention also provided an excellent opportunity to practice "street medicine," in which all screening and treatment was effectively conducted in the field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Containing and preventing contagious disease: Montreal's Protestant school board and tuberculosis, 1900-1947.

In this period, Montreal was the most unhealthy city in Canada owing to widespread poverty, abysmal living conditions, inadequate public health, and a dependence upon private charities to provide health and welfare services. While Montreal's Protestant school board assumed a pivotal role in the war on tuberculosis by early identification of consumptive pupils, educating those in treatment, and prevention, these initiatives were tempered by a conservative view that equated poverty with moral degeneration. School board minutes provide a window onto commissioners' construction of health, the nature of the relationship between a school and its community, and the factors which influenced their decisions.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2005

Seclusion & restraint: a historical perspective.

(1) The use of restraints in the care of psychiatric patients has been a topic of ethical controversy since the beginning of psychiatric medicine. (2) Enlightenment physicians regarded psychiatric illness as the loss of reason, and many advocated the use of restraints to help violent patients regain the use of reason. (3) John Conolly, a British alienist (a term used for psychiatrists) of the mid 1800s, claimed it was possible to treat psychiatric patients without the use of mechanical restraints, but he made liberal use of seclusion and physical restraint by attendants to manage violent behavior. (4) American alienists expressed misgivings about the use of mechanical and chemical restraint but most were reluctant to relinquish any usable intervention.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Forced intervention cases take different lines of argument.

Within a month's time Chicago courts heard two cases dealing with forcing procedures upon unwilling women. Although the outcomes of these cases were similar (refusal to legally force the procedures), the arguments used took different paths and considered different issues.

Adult↗