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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevention of cardiovascular diseases is effective. Initial program evaluation of the canton Tessin (1984-1989)].

This study measures and evaluates the effects of the CVD prevention programme which has been underway in the Canton of Tessin (Switzerland) since 1984. The programme was designed with the following objectives: --high blood pressure: each Tessin inhabitant should be aware of the admissible blood pressure limits, the consequences of surpassing the norm, as well as know his or her own blood pressure count and have it measured at least once a year; --tobacco consumption: a positive image of non-smokers is promoted, as well as the respect of non-smoker's rights. The population, particularly the young, are "invited" not to smoke; eating habits: each Tessin inhabitant will be provided with the information necessary to enable him/her to make rational choices concerning content in order to ensure a balanced diet, rich in fibres and low in saturated fats; activity: physical activity, at least 20 minutes three times a week, is promoted for all age groups; early warning symptoms:information will be provided to enable inhabitants to recognize indications of cardiac distress in order to diminish the time between the first pain and hospitalisation; A vast and varied information campaign was set up to pursue these objectives. Much of the campaign was implemented through use of various media (television, radio, daily and weekly press), and seconded with the periodic distribution of information tracts to all the households of the district. The mass media campaign was complemented with a variety of activities for all ages: from poster competitions, to the edition and sale of recipe books, to specific activities with professional and voluntary associations are a few examples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstetrical ultrasound in remote communities: an approach to health program evaluation.

This paper illustrates one approach to evaluating the impact of an obstetrical ultrasound outreach program in remote Indian communities. The pregnancy characteristics and obstetrical outcomes of 240 deliveries in 2 groups of communities with and without the program are compared. After controlling for maternal age, parity, obstetrical risk score and presence of diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy, Program Area women are found to differ significantly from Control Area women in several medical care measures. There are more health care contacts, fewer medical referrals out of the community and a lower proportion of non-hospital births. There are however more inductions of labour and longer hospital stays. The small sample size was not sufficient to detect differences in rare events such as perinatal deaths. Despite its shortcomings, the quasi-experimental design provides health planners with important information regarding medical technologies and interventions, particularly when randomized controlled trials are deemed not to be feasible and the only alternative is unsubstantiated opinions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Institutional goal analysis: an approach to program evaluation.

Although nursing literature discusses the importance of goals in nursing, little if any research has been conducted on the subject. Many of the studies focusing on nursing education deal with faculty turnover, effectiveness of various types of nursing programs, and the role and functions of the nurse. To better understand these problems, an understanding of the current goals of various nursing programs is needed. This can establish a basis on which to explore other problems in nursing education and the nursing profession. Conducting an analysis of goals on a nursing program not only contributes to the profession of nursing but also benefits the individual schools by revealing areas of goal incongruency within each program. The use of the Institutional Goals Inventory is recommended for evaluation of all nursing programs. It can be useful not only to baccalaureate educators, but also to those involved in associate degree and diploma education as well as graduate nursing education. After identifying areas of goal consensus and differences, a delphi approach can be utilized to solve problems and establish relevant and realistic goals.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1984

The cosmetic ingredient review--a safety evaluation program.

A review of the procedures, methods used, and the data that are required to evaluate the safety of cosmetic ingredients is presented. The results of the program and the limitations placed upon the use of some ingredients are discussed.

Consumer Product Safety↗
PubMed1984

Effect of a medical care evaluation program on physician knowledge and performance.

A model program designed to increase the educational value of medical care evaluation committee meetings was studied to determine its effect on the knowledge and clinical performance of participating physicians. The members of hospital committees in which the program was successfully implemented showed a statistically significant gain in knowledge of the topics discussed by their committees. In addition, several members made substantial changes in their patient care practices. These changes resulted not so much from the acquisition of new medical information as from a rethinking of patient management strategies, stimulated by peer discussion during committee meetings. A structure that encourages such discussions can be incorporated in other types of patient-care-oriented committee activities as well.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

The genetic toxicity database of the National Toxicology Program: evaluation of the relationships between genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity.

The database of the U.S. National Toxicology Program has been developed over approximately two decades, principally focused on substances evaluated for carcinogenicity in rodent bioassays. These assays generally provide data on the relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals based upon discrete subchronic (13 week) and chronic (104 week) exposures. A major value of these data are that the assay protocols, rodent strains, and technical methodologies have been generally consistent, thus permitting comparisons between assays and chemicals. The genotoxicity data for many of the same chemicals have been developed also using standardized biological systems and protocols. Data for assays including mutagenicity in Salmonella and mouse lymphoma cells, chromosomal aberrations, and sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells, transformation of Balb/c 3T3 cells, and in vivo cytogenetic effects in rodents have been compiled for many chemicals. The results of all of these assays provide a substantial database for evaluating chemical effects and for defining the complex relationships between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Increased urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratios found in Swedish athletes in connection with a national control program. Evaluation of 28 cases.

In connection with a national anti-doping control program, including analysis of 8946 urine samples, 28 athletes were found to have delivered samples free from xenobiotic anabolic steroids but with an increased testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio (> 6). Unannounced testing of the above athletes produced 2-4 additional urine samples during the next 2-3 months. A low degree of variation of the T/E ratio, with a C.V. below 30% was found in 17 of the subjects whereas 10 had a C.V. varying from 31% to 43%. One subject with a high urinary T/E ratio (10.5) had a C.V. of this ratio of 126% and also an extremely high ratio between testosterone and LH in urine. It has been reported that non-users of testosterone have T/E ratios fluctuating around a mean with a C.V. that will not exceed 30%. We found that administration of testosterone to seven healthy volunteers resulted in urinary T/E ratios that varied with a C.V. ranging from 67% to 130% during the following 4 weeks. It is concluded that among the above 28 cases, only one can be regarded as a clear case of testosterone doping. Although the vast majority of Swedish athletes have urinary T/E ratios below six, there is a subfraction with a constant higher ratio, possibly due to genetic factors.

Doping in Sports↗
PubMed1976

Methadone treatment: program evaluation and dose response relationships.

Data from a heterogeneous group of 155 clients in a Methadone Treatment Program were analyzed for (A) number of possible methadone administrations since S joined the program, (B) actual number of methadone administrations received, (C) spottiness (A-B), and (D) presence of illicit drugs in urine analysis reports. Data were evaluated for three separate time spans which corresponded with three programmatic changes. Results indicate that initially high blockading doses of methadone are effective in reducing illicit drug use, but as length of time in program increases, the efficacy of low doses of methadone in reducing illicit drug use increases. At least one programmatic change, a more stringent selection procedure, was demonstrated to be highly successful in reducing illicit drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An image analysis and statistical evaluation program for the assessment of tumour cell invasion in vitro.

Tumour cell invasion is a complex process, which is essential for the formation of metastasis and is therefore of critical clinical importance. For detailed investigations of the invasive process, quantifiable in vitro models of invasion are necessary. In this study we describe an image analysis procedure and a statistical program which facilitate an objective analysis of experiments carried out using the embryonic chick heart invasion model of Mareel. Tumour multicellular spheroids are confronted with embryonic chick heart fragments in culture and are sampled after different time intervals for up to 7 days. Immunohistological sections are then evaluated by an image analysis procedure which provides 9 parameters indicating invasion, proliferation and destruction taking place in the confrontation cultures. The data obtained by image analysis are further evaluated by a statistical program which describes the change with time of each parameter by means of linear regression analysis. Thus the data obtained at various time intervals serve as the source data for a single statistic, namely the slope of the regression line. Confidence intervals and statistical differences between various experiments can be calculated. In order to make the procedure more comprehensible in biological terms, the program provides a full text interpretation of the experimental results. The image analysis procedure in conjunction with statistical evaluation and text interpretation provides a comprehensive tool for the quantitative assessment of experimental invasion in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serving people who are dually diagnosed: a program evaluation.

The progress of a group of clients during their first year in a special program for persons who are both mentally retarded and psychiatrically impaired was described. The clients increased their level of independence and decreased their frequency of problem behaviors. However, they still faced significant obstacles to further growth, particularly the need to develop residential alternatives and community supports. The salience of these same issues for all individuals with dual diagnoses was discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

United States Department of Veterans Affairs Chiropractic Services Pilot Program evaluation study SDR #86-09: a critique.

The following critique of the Chiropractic Services Pilot Program (SDR #86-09) focuses on two major issues: the terms of reference established for the study and the research constraints that arose from either the terms of reference or their interpretation; the technical design and execution of the research. The review suggests that the constraints invalidated the study and ensured that no comparisons are possible between chiropractic and medical care for VA patients based on these results. The constraints resulted in the use of a nonexperimental design, distinct samples being chosen and nonequivalent care settings being compared. The critique also reveals that in each of the design steps (eligibility criteria, sampling, protocols, data collection, analysis, interpretations) there were serious methodological flaws. These ensured that the two populations being compared (chiropractic patients versus medical patients) were in fact noncomparable. In terms of the economic cost comparisons, the design guaranteed the comparison was unfair, pitting a private, fee-for-service chiropractic practice against a not-for-profit, managed-care, federally regulated and budgeted institution. Furthermore, the allocation of costs to the two groups was done inaccurately. The critique concludes that the results are not valid, they cannot be used for generalizing, they cannot be used for statistical analysis and they should not be used to establish policy. The research design and the methodological flaws meant that the objectives of the study could not be met.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1979

Formulating therapeutic objectives as a prelude to program evaluation.

The author emphasizes the need for more precise formulation of goals for mental health treatment programs. He describes the Veterans Administration's five-year effort at goal formulation using ideas borrowed from operations research and education. With goals from various VA programs as examples, he illustrates how goal statements can be written with more specificity. He also describes how matching rating-scale items can be developed to measure the degree to which each goal is being met.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗