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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Size separation of circulatory DNA in maternal plasma permits ready detection of fetal DNA polymorphisms.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma has recently been introduced as a new method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis, particularly for the analysis of fetal genetic traits, which are absent from the maternal genome, e.g., RHD or Y-chromosome-specific sequences. To date, the analysis of other fetal genetic traits has been more problematic because of the overwhelming presence of maternal DNA sequences in the circulation. We examined whether different biochemical properties can be discerned between fetal and maternal circulatory DNA. METHODS: Plasma DNA was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The fractions of fetal and maternal DNA in size-fractionated fragments were assayed by real-time PCR. The determination of paternally and maternally inherited fetal genetic traits was examined by use of highly polymorphic chromosome-21-specific microsatellite markers. RESULTS: Size fractionation of circulatory DNA indicated that the major portion of cell-free fetal DNA had an approximate molecular size of <0.3 kb, whereas maternally derived sequences were, on average, considerably larger than 1 kb. Analysis of size-fractionated DNA (</=0.3 kb) from maternal plasma samples facilitated the ready detection of paternally and maternally inherited microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: Circulatory fetal DNA can be enriched by size selection of fragment sizes less than approximately 0.3 kb. Such selection permits easier analysis of both paternally and maternally inherited DNA polymorphisms.

DNA↗
PubMed2005

Failure of nitric oxide production by macrophages and decrease in CD4+ T cells in oral paracoccidioidomycosis: possible mechanisms that permit local fungal multiplication.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that induces a specific inflammatory and immune response. The participation of nitric oxide (NO), a product of the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS), as an important fungicidal molecule against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been demonstrated. In order to further characterize the Oral Paracoccidioidomycosis (OP), we undertook an immunohistochemical study of iNOS+, CD45RO+, CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+ cells and mast cells. The samples were distributed in groups according to the number of viable fungi per mm2. Our results showed weak immunolabeling for iNOS in the multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) and in most of the mononuclear (MN) cells, and the proportion of iNOS+ MN/MNGC cells in the OP were comparable to Control (clinically healthy oral tissues). Additionally, our analysis revealed a similarity in the number of CD4+ cells between the Control and the OP groups with higher numbers of fungi. These findings suggest that a low expression of iNOS and a decrease in the CD4+ T cells in OP may represent possible mechanisms that permit the local fungal multiplication and maintenance of active oral lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Dicistronic LacZ and alkaline phosphatase reporter constructs permit simultaneous histological analysis of expression from multiple transgenes.

We report here the development of convenient dicistronic transgenic markers for the rapid and efficient simultaneous analysis of transgene activity in transgenic mice. Two sensitive histological markers, the beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)-encoding lacZ gene and the human placental alkaline phosphatase (hpAP) gene, have been fused to the internal ribosome entry sequence (IRES) from the encephalomyocarditis virus, which directs efficient mRNA cap-independent entry of the translation apparatus in mammalian cells. The IRES permits efficient translation of either lacZ or hpAP when placed anywhere within transgene exonic sequences, including both 5' and 3' untranslated regions. In addition, the production of constructs for transgenic analysis of DNA regulatory elements is greatly facilitated with IRES-lacZ or IRES-hpAP, since the IRES relieves the need for complicated in frame transgene protein fusions to produce a functional beta-gal or hpAP protein.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

[Requests for residency permits due to medical reasons from foreigners in the Val-d'Oise county between 1999 and 2003].

The requests for residence permits from foreigners who wish to remain in France for health reasons are submitted for review to the county public health medical officer. This article reports on the quantitative and qualitative evolution and progression of these requests in a county located near Paris. The number of requests has drastically increased, from 152 in 1999 to 1,823 in the year 2003. The majority of the applicants were women and individuals from sub-Saharan Africa. HIV infection was the most frequent reason cited for the submission of requests, but its relative proportion has decreased over time from 25% in 1999 to 15% of overall requests made in the year 2003, which is then followed by diabetes (8% of all requests), hypertension (5%), and tuberculosis (4%). The decision handed down from the authorities was favourable for residence based on the need for healthcare in 74% of the cases. The health status of the illegal immigrants remains difficult to determine and systematically track; therefore, the applications for residency granted on medical grounds serve as a practical and efficient means to assess and map the existing situation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Permitting suicide of competent clients in counseling: legal and moral considerations.

State statutes, case law, and professional codes of ethics in the mental health professions typically stress either a duty or the permissibility of disclosing confidential information in order to prevent clients from seriously harming themselves. These sources are intended to address cases where clients are deemed to be suffering from cognitive dysfunction for which paternalistic intervention, including involuntary hospitalization, is considered necessary to prevent self-destructive behavior. The counselor's moral and legal responsibility is less apparent when mentally competent clients desire suicide as release from irremediable suffering due to severe physical illness, and this desire is defensible within these clients' value systems. This paper will explore moral and legal dimensions of a counselor's decision not to intervene in such cases. The concept of permitted suicide will be introduced and defined, and guidelines for its application developed.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1999

Evidence for ligand-independent homo-oligomerization of leptin receptor (OB-R) isoforms: a proposed mechanism permitting productive long-form signaling in the presence of excess short-form expression.

The adipocyte secreted hormone leptin (OB) and its receptor (OB-R) are key regulators of mammalian body weight homeostasis. Two predominant isoforms of OB-R have been described: long form (OB-R(L)) characterized as a signal transducing receptor that is highly expressed in specific nuclei of the hypothalamus; and a short, signaling-defective form (OB-R(S)) of indeterminate function that is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. Receptor chimera studies indicate that OB-R(L) signals via homo-oligomers. However, co-expression experiments have demonstrated that signaling by OB-R(L) is only marginally susceptible to dominant negative suppression by OB-R(S). In the present study we have used receptor epitope tagging to analyze the ligand-independent and -dependent association properties of OB-R(S) and OB-R(L). We present evidence for ligand-independent homo-oligomerization by both receptor isoforms. Ligand treatment of these complexes does not dramatically augment homo-oligomerization. In contrast, hetero-oligomerization between long and short OB-R cannot be detected in the absence of ligand but can be resolved in the presence of ligand. Deletion and substitution mutagenesis of the OB-R(L) intracellular domain indicates that ligand-independent homo-oligomerization by OB-R(L) is sensitive to reduction in JAK kinase recruitment capability, suggesting that JAK interaction and signaling competency may provide means for isoform specific OB-R sorting. These results are discussed with regard to possible mechanisms permitting efficient leptin-induced signaling by OB-R(L) in tissues that co-express OB-R(S).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Container and waste pile standards for owners and operators of hazardous waste facilities: consolidated permit regulations--Environmental Protection Agency. Amendments to interim final rule.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is today promulgating amendments to the hazardous waste management regulations regarding the management of hazardous waste in containers and piles and associated permit regulations (40 CFR Part 264, Subparts I and L, and Part 122, Subpart B). These amendments better tailor the standards to the particular type of hazard posed by specific situations. The standards for containers are amended to waive the containment system requirements for wastes that do not contain free liquids, provided that the wastes are protected from contact with accumulated liquid. The standards for waste piles are amended to waive the containment system requirements for wastes that do not contain free liquids, provided that the pile is protected from precipitation by a structure and from surface water run-on and wind dispersal of the waste by the structure or some other means. The Agency believes these amendments believes these amendments will not reduce the level of protection of human health and the environment.

Refuse Disposal↗
PubMed1983

Privacy Act of 1974; proposed new routine uses--PHS. Notification of new routine uses permitting disclosure of information from four Privacy Act systems of records.

In accordance with the requirements of the Privacy Act, the Public Health Service (PHS) is publishing notice of a proposal to establish new routine uses permitting disclosure of information from four Privacy Act systems of records maintained by the National Institutes of Health (NIH): 09-25-0008, "Administration: Radiation Workers Monitoring, HHS/NIH/ORS"; 09-25-0010, "Research Resources: Registry of Individuals Potentially Exposed to Microbial Agents, HHS/NIH/NCI"; 09-25-0077, "Clinical Research: Biological Carcinogenesis Branch Human Specimen Program, HHS/NIH/NCI"; and 09-25-0099, "Clinical Research: Patient Medical Records, HHS/NIH/CC." The NIH Office of Research Services (ORS) is responsible for the first of these systems. The National Cancer Institute (NCI), a component of NIH, maintains the second and third systems of records. The NIH Clinical Center (CC) maintains the fourth system. The new routine uses will allow disclosure to contractors for routine records keeping and processing activities. These disclosures will be wholly compatible with the purposes of these systems, as discussed below.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1983

Discontinuation of approval of modifications in notes, guaranteed under Title VI or VII of the Public Health Service Act, proposed to permit use of the notes as collateral for tax-exempt financings--PHS. Final rule.

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) adds a new section to regulations for making and guaranteeing loans for construction and modernization of hospitals and medical facilities and to regulations for guaranteeing loans for the construction of teaching facilities for health professions personnel. Under these regulations HHS will not approve the modification of the terms of an existing loan guaranteed under Title VI or Title VII of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act if the modification would permit use of the guarantee (or guaranteed loan) as collateral for tax-exempt financing.

Financial Management↗
PubMed1983

Privacy Act of 1974; proposed new routine uses--PHS. Notification of new routine uses permitting disclosures of information from five Privacy Act systems of records.

In accordance with the requirements of the Privacy Act, PHS is publishing notice of a proposal to establish 24 new routine uses permitting disclosure of information from five Privacy Act systems of records maintained by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of Management, which include: 09-37-0002, "PHS Commissioned Corps Personnel Records, HHS/OASH/OM". 09-37-0003, "PHS Commissioned Corps Medical Records, HHS/OASH/OM"; 09-37-0005, "PHS Commissioned Corps Board Proceedings, HHS/OASH/OM"; 09-37-0006, "PHS Commissioned Corps Grievance, Non-Board and Pre-Board Involuntary Retirement/Separation, and Disciplinary Files, HHS/OASH/OM"; and 09-37-0008, "PHS Commissioned Corps Unofficial Personnel Files and Other Station Files, HHS/OASH/OM". Some of the routine uses added to system notice 09-37-0005 do not apply to that portion of the system that includes the Board for Correction of PHS Commissioned Corps Records. When a routine use does not apply to that portion of the system, the description of the new routine use will include a statement to that effect. When the routine use does apply to the Board for Correction of PHS Commissioned Corps Records, no additional statement will be made.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1999

HMO legislative proposals. Should suits be permitted.

An examination of the history, current issues, and problems determines whether malpractice suits against HMOs should be permitted. What are some sensible recommendations and solutions for physicians?

Employee Retirement Income Security Act↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Appeal board denies public health insurance coverage to immigrants on Minister's Permits.

In a decision released in August 1999, the Health Services Appeal Board in Ontario upheld the decision to deny provincial health coverage to an HIV-positive woman who had been denied permanent resident status on the basis of "medical inadmissibility" but was living in Canada on an Immigration Minister's Permit issued on "humanitarian and compassionate grounds."

Canada↗
PubMed2003

International Conference on Harmonisation; final recommendations on the revision of the permitted daily exposures for two solvents, n-methylpyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran, according to the maintenance procedures for the guidance Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents; Availability. Notice.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing final recommendations to revise the permitted daily exposures (PDEs) for two solvents, n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), according to the maintenance procedures for the guidance for industry entitled "Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents." The final recommendations were reached under the auspices of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH).

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2004

Canadian court orders remand centre to provide prescribed medication and permit consultation with outside physician.

In two applications brought by Geary, a provincial prisoner, the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench ordered the Edmonton Remand Centre to provide Geary with prescribed medication and to permit him to consult an outside physician. In each application, Geary was asking the court on an urgent basis to order interim measures until such time as the court could hear his full application for release from custody. This decision has important implications for prisoners living with HIV/AIDS, some of whom report receiving medical treatment that does not meet professionally accepted standards. It is also significant that, in finding for the prisoner, the court refers to the Charter, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, and American constitutional case law.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2004

Federal Court permits contaminated-blood litigation to proceed.

In ongoing legal proceedings involving people infected with HIV through contaminated blood products, on 3 June 2004 Campbell J of the Federal Court permitted the plaintiffs to refile an amended statement of claim, thus allowing the litigation to proceed. As reported in a previous issue of the Review, the court had struck out their original statement of claim, ruling (among other things) that it disclosed no reasonable cause of action and constituted an abuse of process.

Blood↗
PubMed2006

Return to work still possible after several years as a disability pensioner due to musculoskeletal disorders: a population-based study after new legislation in Sweden permitting "resting disability pension".

Different strategies have been used to stimulate a return to work (RTW) among individuals suffering from long-term ailments. In Sweden a new law on "resting disability pension" permits disability pensioners to go back to work without jeopardising their benefits. In this study different variables related to RTW during 2000 by means of this legislation were identified among disability pensioners with musculoskeletal disorders. Individuals in the study group, when compared to a control group, had more often been disability pensioners for several years, had additional education, estimated their previous job to have been physically strenuous to a lesser degree, were more satisfied with the treatment at the social insurance office and had a more positive self-image. This study shows that it may be meaningful to continue/resume rehabilitation efforts and to try to motivate an individual suffering from musculoskeletal disorders to return to work even after several years as a disability pensioner.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dietary restriction permits normal parturition and lactation but suppresses mouse mammary tumor virus proviral transcription even after mammary involution.

Dietary restriction of C3H/Ou mice prevents development of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma by suppressing mammary expression of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) via a mechanism which may involve prolactin. In the present study, dietary restriction of 40% was imposed for 16 weeks on nulliparous C3H/Ou mice, interrupted by ad libitum consumption at mating and continued only during pregnancy and lactation, with 40% energy restriction reimposed at the end of lactation. The results show that mammary MMTV mRNA expression levels of chronic energy intake restricted (CEIR) mice and ad libitum fed mice are similar and elevated during early lactation, when all mice of both groups are being fed ad libitum energy levels. In spite of this, and in marked contrast, when CEIR dams are returned to 40% dietary restriction following the weaning of litters, mammary MMTV transcription is suppressed to levels 4-5-fold less than those measured in mammary glands from ad libitum fed controls. Within the 38 weeks of study, 73% of ad libitum fed uniparous mice at risk and 11% of CEIR uniparous mice at risk developed mammary tumors, yet mice of both dietary groups delivered and weaned healthy litters with comparable efficiency. When dietary restriction is maintained in CEIR mice during pregnancy and lactation, efficiency of conception and litter size are reduced, and MMTV transcription is suppressed even during lactation. Mean serum prolactin levels were not significantly different among dietary groups. These findings show that the level of MMTV transcription is rigorously influenced by dietary energy level, and that 40% dietary restriction of C3H/Ou mice not only suppresses mammary MMTV transcription and prevents mammary tumor development in uniparous mice, but also permits normal conception, gestation, lactation, and the production of healthy litters as long as the nutritional demands of gestation and lactation are met.

Adenocarcinoma↗