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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Necrotic pseudoxanthomatous nodules of the omentum and peritoneum: a peculiar reaction to endometriotic cyst contents.

BACKGROUND: Necrotic pseudoxanthomatous nodules of the ovary, omentum, and peritoneum are rare, and have been described as a late manifestation of endometriosis. CASE: A 39-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain and an abdominopelvic mass. Emergency laparotomy revealed a ruptured ovarian neoplasm with several liters of old blood in the abdominal cavity. Left adnexectomy was performed, and exploration of the abdominal cavity revealed no other lesions. Pathologic examination of the neoplasm showed a large endometrioma with an associated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. At surgery 7 weeks later, multiple pseudoxanthomatous peritoneal and omental nodules were found. CONCLUSION: This case suggests that pseudoxanthomatous nodules of the peritoneum and omentum may arise from a peculiar reaction to endometriotic cyst contents and clinically can mimic metastatic ovarian carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructural observations on the peritoneum in the mouse.

The serous mesothelium of the serosa and mesentery of the small intestine in the mouse were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The serosa consisted of a single layer of flattened microvilli-bearing cells containing nuclei, caveolae and micropinocytotic vesicles. The observations in this study differed from previous reports on mesothelial surfaces in two respects. A surface layer of amorphous material was present over parts of the serosa. This layer probably represents serous fluid trapped by the mesothelial microvilli but is unaffected by prefixation rinsing in saline or ultrasonic cleaning. The layer is lost following osmication and routine processing for transmission electron microscopy. The possibility that a serous fluid layer may be preserved in this way may be useful in assessing changes in the peritoneum. Stomata were observed in the mesentery but there was no evidence of a connection with the lymphatic system. The presence of mesenteric stomata may explain the difference in permeability reported between parietal peritoneum and mesentery.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A new modification of the neovagina reconstruction with peritoneum technique].

There are several surgical methods designed to construct a vagina when it is congenitally absent. Davidov has described a technique for correcting this condition, using the pelvic peritoneum to line the vaginal space. We performed new modifications to prevent disadvantages of this technique. An operative vagina was constructed in eight patients with vaginal agenesis, the vaginal surface were covered, using parietal peritoneum flaps with abdominovaginal approach. One year later, we found that four of them had an anatomically and functionally sufficient vagina. The remaining four patients can't be controlled yet, because not enough time has passed after the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is important for recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed mouse peritoneum.

The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a high-affinity ligand of P-selectin on myeloid cells and certain subsets of lymphoid cells. We generated the rat monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 2PH1 that recognizes an epitope within the first 19 amino acids at the N-terminus of the processed form of mouse PSGL-1. This antibody blocks attachment of mouse myeloid cells to P-selectin under both static and flow conditions. Intravenous administration of saturating amounts of 2PH1 reduced the number of rolling leukocytes in venules of the acutely exposed mouse cremaster muscle by 79% (+/-5.7%), whereas an anti-P-selectin MoAb reduced it completely. Examining the effect of the MoAb 2PH1 on the recruitment of neutrophils into chemically inflamed mouse peritoneum showed that blocking PSGL-1 inhibited neutrophil accumulation in the peritoneum by 82% (+/-7%) at 2 hours and by 59% (+/-7.9%) at 4 hours after stimulation. A similar effect was seen with the MoAb against P-selectin. Simultaneous administration of both antibodies at the 4-hour time point blocked neutrophil accumulation by 86% (+/-4.2%), arguing for an additional partner molecule for PSGL-1 besides P-selectin. This is the first demonstration of the importance of PSGL-1 in the recruitment of mouse neutrophils into inflamed tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Neurokinin B receptor (NK3)-positive neurons expressing c-fos after chemical noxious stimulation on the peritoneum: a double staining study in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat.

Neurokinin B receptor (NKR; NK3)-like immunoreactivity (LI) was densely distributed in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NST) of the rat. Approximately 32% of the neurons with NKR-LI in the NST expressed c-fos protein after chemical irritation on the peritoneum with acetic acid. The present results suggest that neurons containing NKR in the NST may be involved in the integration of noxious afferent information from the peritoneum in the rat.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

N-acetylglucosamine changes permeability of peritoneum during chronic peritoneal dialysis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of supplementation of dialysis fluid with N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) on the permeability of peritoneum during chronic peritoneal dialysis in rats. DESIGN: Experiments were performed on rats with surgically implanted peritoneal catheters. Dialysis solution [Dianeal 1.5% (Baxter, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A.) supplemented with either NAG 50 mmol/L or glucose 50 mmol/L (control)] was infused intraperitoneally twice, every day, for 8 weeks. Peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) were performed in all animals at the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks of dialysis. Additionally, at the end of each week, dialysis solution infused in the morning was drained after 4 hours of intraperitoneal dwell. White blood cell count, creatinine, and total protein concentrations were measured in the effluent dialysate. After 8 weeks of dialysis, the morphology of the peritoneum was studied. RESULTS: In rats exposed to dialysis fluid supplemented with NAG, peritoneal permeability to creatinine and proteins was reduced when compared to animals dialyzed with glucose solution. In NAG treated animals, staining with alcian blue for polyanions in the peritoneal interstitium was significantly stronger than in rats dialyzed with glucose solution. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic peritoneal dialysis with dialysis solution supplemented with N-acetylglucosamine causes accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the peritoneal interstitium, which results in a change of peritoneal permeability.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1998

Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum in a man: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) is a rare primary peritoneal tumor, described exclusively in women. It is believed to arise from the secondary müllerian system, which is comprised of the pelvic and lower abdominal mesothelial lining and subjacent (subcoelomic) mesenchyme in women. Both mesotheliomas and PSCP arise from the coelomic epithelium, but are clinicopathologically and biologically distinct entities. METHODS: The authors report clinicopathologic findings in a man, age 74 years, who died 3 months after the diagnosis of an extensive malignant abdominal disease. RESULTS: The routine histologic and immunocytochemical studies of tumor tissue, obtained during the patient's lifetime and at autopsy, validated the unique occurrence of PSCP in a man. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that PSCP can occur in a man and that this diagnosis may be considered in the differential diagnosis of papillary serous tumors of the peritoneum in male patients. Although rare, PSCP is a diagnostically distinct entity the treatment of which is similar to ovarian serous tumors rather than mesotheliomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. A review of 33 cases treated with platin-based chemotherapy.

Thirty-three patients were identified who had papillary serious carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP). The gross operative specimens, histopathologic condition, and treatment records were reviewed. The median age at presentation was 60 years (age range, 22 to 78 years). Abdominal pain and distention were the most common presenting symptoms. All patients had a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and all but two had debulking surgery. All patients had disease involving the omentum, the abdominal and pelvic peritoneum, and the surface of the ovaries, but none had intrinsic disease of the ovaries. Eight patients had disease outside of the abdominal cavity. Seven of these patients had malignant pleural effusions. All patients received platin-based chemotherapy. Sixteen patients underwent second-look laparotomy, two had no evidence of disease, and one had microscopic disease only. The median survival time for all patients was 17 months. Three patients are alive 6 to 7 years after the initial diagnosis. In conclusion, long-term survival can be achieved in some PSCP patients by debulking surgery and platin-based chemotherapy.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1994

Only simultaneous blocking of the L- and P-selectin completely inhibits neutrophil migration into mouse peritoneum.

We have examined the inhibitory effect of monoclonal antibodies against mouse P-, E- and L-selectin on the migration of neutrophils into the chemically inflamed peritoneum of the mouse. For this purpose; monoclonal antibodies were raised against mouse P- and E-selectin, which block cell adhesion. We found that blocking of each selectin alone inhibited neutrophil migration to a similar degree ranging from 63% to 72%. Of the three possible combinations of antibodies against two different selectins only the combination of anti-P- and anti-L-selectin antibodies caused an essentially complete blockade of neutrophil emigration. Only the effects of these two antibodies were additive, while the effect of anti-E-selectin antibodies did not add to the effect of antibodies against P- or L-selectin. Thus, although E-selectin is involved in neutrophil migration into the inflamed peritoneum of the mouse, it cannot compensate the block of the other two selectins which seem to play the dominant role in this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Benign cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum: the occurrence of an adult entity in a child.

Benign cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum is considered a disease of adulthood occurring predominantly in women. We report a case of benign cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum in an 11-year-old boy. The innumerable cystic lesions that varied in size occupied the entire peritoneal cavity. He underwent two laparotomies in a period of 15 months during which a partial removal of the tumor was performed. Four years after the second operation the child is well and active, despite significant tumor tissue left behind after the first two operations. The management of this disease is discussed, and the importance of a conservative approach minimizing the number of laparotomies and avoiding radical surgical intervention especially in childhood is emphasized.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Familial papillary serous carcinoma of the cervix, peritoneum, and ovary: a report of the first case.

OBJECTIVE: We report an occult primary papillary serous carcinoma of the endocervix that was encountered in a woman whose mother and identical twin sister died of papillary serous carcinomas (PSCs) of the peritoneum and ovary, respectively. METHODS: The medical records and the histologic material belonging to the patient, her sister, and her mother were reviewed. RESULTS: The cervical PSC was histologically similar to the peritoneal and ovarian carcinomas. The patient has recurred with peritoneal carcinomatosis 24 months following surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the cervix is a very rare adenocarcinoma variant; there have been approximately 30 such cases reported, and, to our knowledge, this is the first documented case of familial peritoneal/ovarian/uterine papillary serous carcinoma. The prophylaxis achieved through bilateral oophorectomy in individuals with a family history of ovarian cancer does not address the risk of PSCs arising in the uterus, cervix, or peritoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Peritoneal lavage fluid alters patterns of eicosanoid production in murine bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages: dependency on inflammatory state of the peritoneum.

Murine resident macrophages produce an abundance of eicosanoids, whereas elicited macrophages produce lesser quantities of eicosanoids in general, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in particular. Macrophage precursors derived from bone marrow cells produce even smaller amounts. We postulated that these differences may be regulated by substances found in the microenvironment of the cell, which may alter arachidonate release from phospholipid and its subsequent metabolism to eicosanoids. To examine if inherent differences in phospholipid availability contributed to the observed differences in eicosanoid synthesis among these three groups of macrophages, we monitored uptake and release of arachidonic acid (AA) in resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages and in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Although differences existed in the extent of arachidonate release (37% vs. 22% vs. 27% release), the differences were not enough to explain the much larger differences in eicosanoid production. We therefore determined whether the AA cascade enzymes, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were intact by adding exogenous AA to the three cell types. PGI2 synthesis was not significantly increased in either elicited or BMDM. However, the enzymes necessary for LTC4 production appeared intact in elicited cells but not in BMDM. To further characterize the differences in eicosanoid synthesis between resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages and BMDM, we determined if a variety of exogenous substances [growth factors, cytokines, and noninflammatory and inflammatory peritoneal lavage fluid (NPLF and IPLF)] could enhance the production of LTC4 and PGI2 in those macrophage groups. The addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) slightly increased LTC4 production by BMDM and elicited macrophages. In contrast, NPLF increased the production of both LTC4 and PGI2 from BMDM, while IPLF had no effect. A similar effect of NPLF was seen on LTC4 (but not PGI2) production from elicited peritoneal cells, while IPLF decreased both LTC4 and PGI2 production from resident peritoneal macrophages. These studies indicate that substances found in the peritoneum of mice can enhance or diminish the production of LTC4 and PGI2 from the macrophage. This regulation appears to depend on the inflammatory state of the peritoneum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteria, toxins, and the peritoneum.

Intraperitoneal infections are caused by members of the gastrointestinal flora, mainly Escherichia coli, enterococci, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Bacteroides, anaerobic cocci, Clostridia, and Fusobacteria. The Gram-negative aerobic bacteria exert their pathogenic potential mainly through endotoxin which acts by way of mediators, causing systemic septic response and, initially, the local response of the peritoneal cavity. The main virulence factors of anaerobic bacteria are exoenzymes and capsular polysaccharides. Peritoneal infections are truly synergistic infections. The most important synergistic mechanisms are protection against host defense and creation of a suitable environment by one member of the flora for another. Aside from bacteria, certain adjuvant substances, i.e., bile, gastric juice, blood, and necrotic tissue, play a role in the pathogenesis of peritonitis. The peritoneum deals with an infection in 3 ways: first, the direct absorption of bacteria into the lymphatics via the stoma of the diaphragmatic peritoneum; second, the local destruction of bacteria through phagocytosis by either resident macrophages or polymorphonuclear granulocytes attracted to the peritoneal cavity; and third, the localization of the infection in the form of an abscess.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1997

Simultaneous occurrence of a rectal carcinoma and a diffuse well differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum.

Diffuse well differentiated papillary mesothelioma is a rare neoplasms of the peritoneal cavity which has generally been regarded as a tumor with low-grade malignant potential [1-4]. The well differentiated papillary mesotheliomas reported in recent literature are considered as border line lesions with a long term benign clinical course. There are however, only few studies with small numbers of diffuse well differentiated mesotheliomas [1, 2, 5, 6]. The synchronous appearance of such a lesion with a second malignancy therefore is a very rare event. Such a clinical scenario would suggest diffuse tumor spread to the peritoneum resulting in an inappropriate palliative procedure alone-being undertaken. To our knowledge this is the first report of the simultaneous occurrence of a rectal carcinoma in combination with a diffuse well differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and intraperitoneal cisplatin for ovarian cancer with disseminated lesions in the peritoneum and the diaphragm.

BACKGROUND: In ovarian cancer, the management of micrometastases disseminated in the peritoneal cavity is extremely important. We performed intravenous paclitaxel (PAC) infusion combined with cisplatin (CDDP) intraperitoneal infusion for progressive ovarian cancer. METHODS: Twelve patients with progressive epithelial ovarian cancer (FIGO IIIc), which was resected using an optimal method at primary surgery, except for disseminated lesions in the peritoneum and the diaphragm, were studied. At primary surgery, a reservoir was placed in the peritoneal cavity. If metastases were identified in the diaphragm, then another reservoir was also placed in the subdiaphragm (double reservoirs). The basic regimen was set at 175 mg/m(2) with divided doses of PAC and 75 mg/m(2) CDDP by intraperitoneal injection. When a double reservoir was used, 30 mg/m(2) of subdiaphragmatic CDDP and 45 mg/m(2) of intraperitoneal CDDP were administered. The patients received five courses of this regimen. The response to the therapy was evaluated with tumor markers, and by using cytodiagnoses on the peritoneal washing fluid collected from the reservoirs. RESULTS: After five courses of the chemotherapy, the tumor marker levels and cytodiagnoses of all patients became negative. With reference to adverse effects, grade 3-4 neutropenia was detected in 2 patients (16.6%), peripheral neuropathy was detected in 4 patients (33.3%), and alopecia was detected in 11 patients (91.6%). The median follow-up period was 29.2 months and median progression-free survival was 25.6 months. CONCLUSION: The combination chemotherapy with intravenous PAC and intraperitoneal CDDP was effective on ovarian cancer with disseminated lesions in the peritoneum and the diaphragm, having only mild adverse effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Inflammation with restricted lysosomal proteolysis during early ascites carcinoma invasion of mouse parietal peritoneum. A medium and high-voltage electron microscopic and cytochemical study.

A carcinoma invasion system (Krebs-2 and Ehrlich tetraploid ascites tumors invading mouse peritoneum) was studied by high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) stereoscopy, conventional (medium voltage) electron microscopy (MVEM), and cytochemistry. Tumor cells entered areas of peritoneum (mainly parietal) only where mesothelial cells were damaged and where there was inflammation of the underlying stroma. The initial invasion was different from that of most other invading carcinomas in that there was minimal breakdown of basal lamina and collagen. Neither tumor cells, inflammatory leukocytes nor peritoneal fibroblasts showed significant secondary lysosome production or release of intracellular or extracellular acid phosphatase. Morphological and cytochemical criteria suggest that in some invading carcinomas, as with non-tumor migrating cells such as leukocytes, widespread proteolysis due to diffusion of proteases is not a prerequisite for invasion of stromal connective tissue.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a separate entity.

Three female patients with a diffuse well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum are presented. They did not have a history of exposure to asbestos. The peritoneal biopsies were studied extensively, including electron microscopy, nuclear morphometry and DNA ploidy analysis. The results from these more sophisticated investigations confirmed the mesothelial origin and further characterised these lesions. One of the 3 patients has continuing elevated serum CA-125 levels, which increased transiently during and after pregnancy. All 3 patients have done well without therapy, 2 patients being alive and non-symptomatic 6 and 7 years after the initial diagnosis. It is important to distinguish this disorder from the malignant diseases of the peritoneum and the ovary. In view of the indolent course of this subtype of mesothelioma, avoidance of treatment is justified unless there is evidence of progressive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Nonpleural mesotheliomas: mesothelioma of the peritoneum, tunica vaginalis, and pericardium.

Mesotheliomas are tumors that arise from the mesothelial cells of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, or tunica vaginalis. Although the number of new mesothelioma cases diagnosed each year in the United States seems to be leveling off or decreasing, several other countries are projected to have continued increased incidence of mesothelioma over the next several years. Of the approximately 2500 new cases of mesothelioma in the United States each year, most are pleural mesotheliomas. The peritoneum is the second most common site of mesothelioma development and accounts for approximately 10% to 20% of all mesotheliomas. Mesotheliomas that involve the pericardium or originate from the tunica vaginalis are rare tumors. Given the rarity of these tumors, it is difficult to obtain precise information regarding their incidence, natural history, and optimal management.

Female↗