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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Unilateral ECT: advantages and efficacy in the treatment of depression.

Electroconvulsive therapy is an efficacious treatment for some acute or drug resistant psychiatric disorders. However, there is some concern with memory impairment and brain damage and in order to decrease these complications, some changes to the technical aspect of electroconvulsive therapy were implemented during the last few decades. One of the major changes is the use of unilateral electrical stimulation on the non-dominant hemisphere which leads to less memory impairment and faster recovery time of cognitive functions. However, for optimal efficacy several variables have to be understood and integrated: electrodes placement, interelectrodes distance, waveform stimuli.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Visual-perceptual abnormalities in delusional misidentification.

Delusional misidentification syndromes are often found in conjunction with visual-perceptual abnormalities. These abnormalities appear to be independent of visual hallucinations and are illusory in nature. A case of delusional misidentification with visual-perceptual abnormalities is presented. Cognitive and visual phenomenology suggests that careful recording of visual abnormalities may shed light on the relation between delusional misidentification and abnormal visual cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Correlation between plasma chlorpromazine and its metabolites and clinical ratings in patients with acute relapse of schizophrenic and paranoid psychosis.

Nine patients diagnosed as having acute schizophrenic psychosis were treated with chlorpromazine. Their clinical response to drug treatment was measured by the use of a clinical rating scale developed from the Present State Examination, and a nurses rating scale. Plasma levels of chlorpromazine (CPZ), 7-hydroxychlorpromazine (7OHCPZ), monodesmethylchlorpromazine (NOR1CPZ) and chlorpromazine sulphoxide (SOCPZ), were monitored during the period of hospital treatment. Correlations were made between the increase in plasma levels of drug or metabolites and improvement in the different PSE scores. These showed that the most significant correlations occurred when symptoms with high diagnostic significance for schizophrenia (Group 1) and symptoms rating perceptual disorders (P) were correlated with plasma 7OHCPZ levels in plasma samples taken before the first morning dose of CPZ. The ration of 7OHCPZ to CPZ in these samples increased significantly as clinical ratings improved, this correlation being most highly significant against the Group 1 and P scores. The ratio of 7OHPCZ to SOCPZ increased significantly only in the case of Group 1 and P scores. This indicates a preferential shift of CPZ metabolism towards the formation of the active 7OHCPZ during the period of clinical improvement.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Transient sensory, cognitive and affective phenomena in affective illness. A comparison with complex partial epilepsy.

Behavioural changes have often been noted in patients with epilepsy. This study investigated the converse phenomenon--the occurrence of transient sensory, cognitive and affective changes resembling those described by epileptics, in affectively ill patients. Forty-four patients with affective illness, 37 with complex partial seizures, and 30 hypertensive controls were interviewed to determine the lifetime occurrence of these phenomena. Such symptoms occurred frequently in association with episodes of affective illness and epilepsy, but were rare in controls. Visual, auditory, olfactory and epigastric symptoms, illusions, jumbled thoughts and amnesia were common to both epilepsy and affective illness. Greater numbers of symptoms were associated with better response to lithium and tricyclic antidepressants. Transient sensory, cognitive, and affective phenomena may be more common in affective illness and other psychiatric conditions than is generally recognised, and may be clues to the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Theta bursts, closed head injury, and partial seizure-like symptoms: a retrospective study.

The purpose of this retrospective, chart-review study was to provide additional information on the clinical correlates ofparoxysmal theta activity on EEG and to further examine the previously proposed relation (Varney, Hines, Bailey, & Roberts, 1992) between episodic symptoms in the context of prior closed-head injury and theta bursts. Allparticipants were veterans receiving their health care at a single, tertiary-care, Veterans Affairs medical center. Compared with patients with normal EEGs (comparison group, n = 30) and nonparoxysmal theta-delta slowing (comparison group, n = 30), consecutive patients with theta bursts (n = 38) were found to have significantly more episodic (ie., partial seizure-like) symptoms documented in their medical records. History of closed-head trauma was also associated with increased reporting of episodic symptoms across all three clinical groups. These findings suggest that, in the presence of theta bursts on EEG, clinicians may wish to interview systematicallyfor episodic, partial seizure-like phenomena, especially when paroxysmal theta activity occurs in the context of prior closed head injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Phantom eye syndrome: Its prevalence, phenomenology, and putative mechanisms.

This study presents data on the clinical characteristics and possible mechanisms of the phantom eye syndrome in 112 patients after removal of one eye. The prevalence of phantom eye pain was 26%, nonpainful phantom sensations 29%, and visual hallucinations 31%. Headaches and preoperative eye pain were associated with the presence of phantom experiences. These results suggest that pain is an important cofactor for the development of phantom eye phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Eye movements tell only half the story.

The dramatic improvements of neglect symptoms after prism adaptation (PA) have been interpreted as evidence that PA reorganizes higher levels of spatial representation. Here the authors demonstrate that while the exploratory eye movements of a patient with neglect were clearly shifted toward the left after PA, he still showed no awareness for the left side of the stimuli he was now actively exploring. PA modulates functions of the parietal lobe, such as eye movement control, but fails to influence the underlying mechanisms of neglect.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The prognostic value of domain-specific cognitive abilities in acute first-ever stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of domain-specific cognitive abilities in acute stroke with respect to long-term cognitive and functional outcome in addition to neurologic and demographic predictors. METHODS: The authors evaluated 168 patients within the first 3 weeks after first-ever stroke. The prevalence of neuropsychological impairment was calculated vs 75 matched healthy controls. The authors also recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, lesion characteristics, and clinical factors at admission. Independent predictor variables associated with long-term cognitive impairment (assessed with a follow-up neuropsychological examination) and functional impairment (assessed with the modified Barthel Index and the Frenchay Activities Index) were identified with stepwise multiple logistic regression. Areas under receiver operator characteristic curves were used to compare the predictive value of three models, i.e., a standard medical model, a purely cognitive model, and a model consisting of both medical and cognitive predictors. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of patients showed long-term cognitive impairment. Basic and instrumental ADL disturbances remained present in 19% and 24% of patients. Domain-specific cognitive functioning predicted cognitive and functional outcome better than any other variable. Moreover, the prediction of instrumental ADL functioning improved when cognitive predictors were added to the standard medical model (p < 0.05). Impairments in abstract reasoning and executive functioning were independent predictors of long-term cognitive impairment. Inattention and perceptual disorders were more important in predicting long-term functional impairment. CONCLUSION: Domain-specific cognitive abilities in the early phase of stroke are excellent independent predictors of long-term cognitive and functional outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

The role of task-specific training in rehabilitation therapies.

Task-oriented therapy is important. It makes intuitive sense that the best way to relearn a given task is to train specifically for that task. In animals, functional reorganization is greater for tasks that are meaningful to the animal. Repetition alone, without usefulness or meaning in terms of function, is not enough to produce increased motor cortical representations. In humans, less intense but task-specific training regimens with the more affected limb can produce cortical reorganization and associated, meaningful functional improvements.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Objective measurement of wave aberrations of the human eye with the use of a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor.

A Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor is used to measure the wave aberrations of the human eye by sensing the wave front emerging from the eye produced by the retinal reflection of a focused light spot on the fovea. Since the test involves the measurements of the local slopes of the wave front, the actual wave front is reconstructed by the use of wave-front estimation with Zernike polynomials. From the estimated Zernike coefficients of the tested wave front the aberrations of the eye are evaluated. It is shown that with this method, using a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor, one can obtain a fast, precise, and objective measurement of the aberrations of the eye.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed2006

Neurological soft signs as the stroke risk in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common form of hemoglobinopathy and is highly prevalent worldwide. Silent cerebral infarction, which represents infarction without clinical signs, is a risk factor for clinical stroke in patients with SCD. It is well known that silent infarction predisposes patients with SCD to overt stroke. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of silent infarction on neurological soft signs (NSS), which demonstrate subtle impairments in sensory integration, motor coordination and the sequencing of complex motor acts and to evaluate whether NSS can be used in clinical practice to evaluate the patients at risk of stroke in SCD patients with silent infarction. Fifty-nine SCD patients without any documented history of cerebrovascular accident and 28 healthy controls were included in this study. All the patients with SCD were evaluated with cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. We found that the NSS scores were significantly higher in patients with silent cerebral infarction than those in patients without silent infarction and control subjects (p < 0.05). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the NSS scores between the patients without silent infarction and control subjects. These results indicate that high NSS scores represnt an important finding for diagnosis of silent infarction in SCD patients. As silent infarction increases the risk for stroke in patients with SCD, NSS can be used to provide additional information in diagnosis of the patients with possible stroke risk during the course of SCD.

Adolescent↗