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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system of Helicella virgata (Gastropoda, Pulmonata).

The central nervous system of Helicella virgata was first investigated with chrome-haematoxylin phloxin and paraldehyde-fuchsin techniques for the detection of neurosecretory cells. With the alcian blue/alcian yellow staining method five cell types were identified within the class of Gomori-positive cells. It was further established that the group of Gomori-negative cells distributed in the right parietal and left parieto-visceral ganglia reacts positively with alcian blue/alcian yellow method. These cells are to be included in the Yellow Green Cells type.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Current treatment of status epilepticus.

Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus is a relatively common neurologic emergency. The differential diagnosis of this condition includes decerebrate spasms and hysterical seizures. Initial therapy includes establishing an airway and securing an intravenous line. Blood should be obtained for chemistries and anticonvulsant levels. Administration of anticonvulsants should not be delayed until laboratory results are obtained. Intravenous diazepam will usually stop continuous tonic-clonic seizure activity, but because of a rapid redistribution phase, it necessitates administration of a longer acting anticonvulsant such as phenytoin or phenobarbital. Intravenous phenytoin should be administered slowly at a dose of 15 mg/kg while carefully monitoring vital signs. Intravenous phenobarbital produces sedation and may cause respiratory depression. Occasionally, other anticonvulsants such as paraldehyde, lidocaine, and general anesthesia will be needed to break status epilepticus. Careful follow-up of the patient and monitoring of the anticonvulsant levels may prevent future bouts of status epilepticus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alcohol withdrawal by tiapride. Respective contribution of the descriptive psychopathology and the quantitative psychopathology (author's transl)].

Nineteen hospitalised male alcoholic addicts, as an average 38 years old, were given i.m. tiapride (Tiapridal at the mean dose of 400 mg three times daily during the first four days of weaning and 300 mg orally during the following ten days. The weaning was sudden ;not any psychotropic drug, with the exception of barbiturates, was associated to the therapy during the two weeks trial period. More particularly neither sedating neuroleptics nor vitamins have been administered. The essential aim of our study was to quantify the subjective evolution of the patients' well-being and mood during the weaning period under tiapride. We expressed the total self-evaluation with the 100 mm line, the self-evaluation of the mood with two lists of antinymous adjectives BfS and BfS' according to Zerssen and the self-analysis of anxiety according to Cattell. Our study confirmed the rapidity of action of tiapride as well as its efficiency and harmlessness at the dose of 300-400 mg per day. The drug seems to be better tolerated than the usual neuroleptics and to involve smaller potential risks of substitutive drug addiction than the anxiolytic drugs or paraldehyde.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The specific binding of beta-adrenergic ligands and morphofunctional properties of erythrocytes in bronchial asthma.

Peripheral blood erythrocytes from patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and preasthma (PA) were investigated using the following methods: 1) the radiochemical method for determining the specific binding of beta-adrenergic ligands; 2) direct erythrocytometry for erythrocyte diameter; and 3) the cytochemical method [paraldehyde fuchsin (PAF) reaction] for membrane glycoproteins. The specific binding of beta-adrenergic ligands in erythrocytes was decreased in BA and PA patients. The number of erythrocytes of small diameter (ESD) showed a tendency to increase in patients with atopic BA and extrapulmonary allergies, as well as in healthy subjects with a family history of atopy. The percent of PAF-negative erythrocytes was found to be considerably increased in atopic BA. It is concluded that general disorders of the membrane-receptor system are a fundamental cause of reactivity changes in allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Detoxification: the use of benzodiazepines.

The use of benzodiazepines in the management of alcohol withdrawal in chemically dependent alcoholics is reviewed. Benzodiazepines are safer than earlier sedative drugs used for this purpose, such as barbiturates, chloral hydrate and paraldehyde. Differences in efficacy between individual benzodiazepines are slight, but benefits and disadvantages of longer acting (diazepam and chlordiazepoxide) drugs and shorter acting (lorazepam and oxazepam) are compared. Long-term outcome is commented on.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnostic importance of analyzing the expired air in alcoholism].

The new highly effective method of alcoholism diagnosis was proposed. It included gas-chromatography analysis of breathed out air. The alcoholism was diagnosed if ethane and paraldehyde in this air to be less than 0.47 nM 0.20 nM respectively, pentane level was more that 0.47 nM while ethanol content was found in the range of 0.73-1.96 nM. If ethane concentration proved to be higher that 0.47 nM alcoholism diagnosis was established when ethylene level was found between 0.01-0.19 nM. The assay's diagnostic importance was confirmed by observation of 44 alcoholic patients as well as 26 healthy male individuals which did not consume alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of X-radiation on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system of the rat.

The aim of the study was to reveal alterations in the macrocellular neurosecretory system of the rat which occur under the influence of X-radiation. The experiment was carried out on 15 male Wistar rats, divided into 1 control and 4 experimental groups. The animals were subjected to total-body-X-irradiation in a dose of 300R. Brains and cerebral pituitaries were collected after decapitation and fixed in Bouine's fluid. Staining with haematoxylin & eosin and paraldehyde fuchsin was applied. A reduction in the neurosecrete content was found after 7 days following irradiation both in the area of perikarya and nerve processes of SON and PVN. In animals dissected on the 14th and 21st day following irradiation, a shift of neurosecrete along the neurosecretory path was observed (via nerve processes to the posterior lobe of cerebral pituitary). On the 28th day, the morphological picture of the system examined was similar to the control one. The above results indicate that initially X-radiation causes a decrease in the production of neurosecrete within SON and PVN; later, however, the amount of neurosecrete is increased, like in control nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the formation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system in the Arctic lemming Dicostonyx torquatus of Wrangel Island in the postnatal development period].

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system (HHNS) of 1-30 days old lemmings Dicrostonyx torquatus from the Wrangel Island in the year of a decreased but still highly dense population was studied by paraldehyde fucshin method and immunohistochemically using antisera to vasopressin and oxytocin. In the period of first two weeks of postnatal development the rate of HHNS formation was found to have significant individual differences and to be slower than HHNS formation in laboratory rats due to less stable and suitable environmental conditions. Like in rats the rate of differentiation of the supraoptic nucleus in lemmings was faster than that of the paraventricular one. Formation of the median eminence was retarded as compared to the hypophyseal posterior lobe. Vasopressin-immunoactive structures appeared earlier than oxytocin-immunoreactive ones both in the neurosecretory centers and in the neurohaemal regions. By 21-30 days the development the HHNS system was practically completed and the levels of maturation of studied structures in different individuals became closer. In this period an accumulation of neurosecretory material was observed in all parts of the HHNS which is probably connected with activation of the system under the condition of stress due to a high population density.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of polypeptides isolated from the anterior hypothalamus and epiphysia on cells of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system].

A comparative study on the influence of physiologically active substances, extracted from the epiphysis and the anterior hypophalamus, on the morpho-functional status of the cells of the hypophalamo hypophysial neurosecretory system was carried out. The substances in question were extracted from the cattie epiphysis and anterior hypothalamus by means of acetic acid extraction from acetone-dehydrated tissue and the following sedimentation of the substances by means of cooled acetone and lyophilization. The investigation of the substances demonstrated them to be polypeptides with an average molecular weights from 2.000 to 10.000. The experiment was done in male rats Wistar strain Morphofunctional status of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system was estimated in paraffin sections, stained with paraldehyde-fuchsine after Gomori- Gabe and additional staining with azan after Heidenhain. The data obtained demonstrated that injection of the substances excreted by the anterior hypothalamus and epiphysis produced opposite changes in the functional status of the cells of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system: the substances from the epiphysis increased, while the substances from the hypothalamus, on the contrary, decreased their activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Presence in the sub-esophageal ganglinnof the caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff) of cells containing anti-alpha-endorphins as revealed by immunofluorescence].

Immunohistological investigations have been performed with Vertebrate neuropeptide antiserums in the subaesophageal ganglion of larval Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera). Positive immunoreaction was observed in two groups of cells only with an alpha-endorphin-antiserum. These cells are azocarmine ground positive earth and paraldehyde-fuchsin ground negative earth or Gomori ground negative earth. In the brain, immunohistological staining was completely negative.

Butterflies↗
PubMed1998

Packaged treatment for first-line care in cerebral malaria and meningitis.

Described are the results of a trial carried out from January to June 1996 in southern Malawi to determine the effectiveness of a treatment pack for infants and children under the age of 6 years, who presented as emergencies to rural health centres with presumptive diagnoses of severe/cerebral malaria or meningitis. Each complete treatment pack (approximate cost, US$ 6) contained, inter alia, intramuscular quinine, intramuscular choloramphenicol, dextrose, paraldehyde, a nasogastric tube, prepacked syringes, and sterile water. A modified coma score and drug dosage nomogram were also included in the package. Despite a considerable drop in overall mortality, problems arose with regard to the incomplete treatment of possible meningitis and in the development of a rational referral policy.

Child, Preschool↗