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PubMedDate not supplied

Production characteristics of Papaver somniferum L. cultivars of different origin and vegetation cycles.

Poppy cultivars of different origin were investigated in long-term experiments during the period 1976-1980. The production ability of plants was established with both spring and autumn sowing, using different plant spacing (20 cm X 20 cm and 50 cm X 20 cm). All important poppy-growing areas within northern and southern Europe were represented by the cultivars brought under investigation ("P-360", "Ankara", "Botosani", "Kompolti-M", "Kék Duna", "Modran", "KM-Ihar" and "Reading"). The extension of the vegetation cycle by autumn sowing and wintering had a generally favourable effect on dry matter and alkaloid production, resulting in a fivefold increase in production. In spite of high production ability, the wintering of the cold-sensitive cultivars, known as spring types, was uncertain. The shortening of the vegetation cycle (spring sowing) seemed to be unfavourable for the production of both spring and autumn cultivars. However, that disadvantage was compensated to some extent by spring cultivars having relatively lower sensitivity and higher alkaloid production levels. The weight of individual plants was much higher when cultivated in large areas. However, a higher yield could be obtained with 20cm X 20cm spacing because more plants could be harvested per square metre. On the basis of production analyses, a negative correlation was established between the total capsule mass (i.e. capsule plus seed) and the ratio of the drug-forming part. In the case of alkaloid production, a positive correlation was established between the accumulation of codeine and the intensification of over-all alkaloid formation.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

Duration of cell cycle, onset of S phase and induced mitotic synchronisation in seeds of opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L.

Duration of mitotic cell cycle and its component phases in root-tip meristem of P. somniferum was determined following autoradiographic detection of mitotic rythms during the traverse of cell cycle. The mitotic cycle time thus estimated was found to be 12.6h of which the distribution of component phases was G1 = 1.75 h, S = 6.3 h, G2 = 3.75 h and division phase (M) = 0.8 h. Dry seeds were metabolically activated by soaking in water to show that the first batch amongst the asynchronous population of cells in the seeds enters into S phase after 18 h of such soaking at 16 degrees C. Mitotic synchrony to the tune of 80% could be realised when such presoaked seeds were administered 5 mMole hydroxyurea for 20 h at 16 degrees C.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1984

[Contribution of linoleic acid to the bitter taste of poppy seeds (Papaver somniferum)].

In lipids isolated from poppy seeds which tasted "burning-bitter" the off-taste was associated with the free fatty acids fraction. In this fraction linoleic acid predominates, while oxidized fatty acids were among the minor constituents. The taste threshold of linoleic acid emulsified in water with monolinolein lies in the range of 4.0-6.0 mumol/ml. On the basis of its high concentration and relatively low taste threshold we conclude that free linoleic acid contributes significantly to the "burning-bitter" off-taste in poppy seeds.

Chromatography, Gel↗