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PubMed2004

No local recurrence of enchondroma after curettage and plaster filling.

INTRODUCTION: The most common treatment of enchondromas is curettage (with or without adjuvant therapy) followed by cancellous bone grafting. To avoid donor-site morbidity of the iliac crest, we applied plaster of Paris as a bone defect filler after curettage of enchondromas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 19 enchondromas of the hand and foot in 19 patients (mean age 40 years, range 21-79 years) with curettage and filling of the cavity with sterile plaster of Paris (calcium sulphate/phosphate) tablets. RESULTS: The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in all cases. After a mean follow-up of 53 months (range 15-139 months), the mean functional Muskuloskeletal Tumor Society Score was 29.1 points (97%; range 28-30). There were no local recurrences although adjuvant therapy was not utilized. CONCLUSION: Plaster of Paris appears safe and effective as a bone-filling substance after curettage of enchondroma.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Biodegradable implants for potential use in bone infection. An in vitro study of antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate.

Local antibiotic therapy by diffusion from plaster of Paris beads has proved promising in bone surgery. Sustained local delivery depends on thermostability, so we tested the antibacterial activity of 11 antibiotic solutions after storage at 37 degrees C using a microbiological method. Cephalosporins and penicillins were unstable, but aminoglycosides remained fully stable with 100% activity after 2 weeks. About 60% of the initial bactericidal activity of quinolone, glycopeptides and sodium fusidate were still detectable after 2 weeks. Release of these antibiotics from plaster of Paris beads was evaluated in vitro. Even those in the same family differed in their release rate. Plaster beads with sodium fusidate were the most effective association. A therapeutic level of glycopeptides, aminoglycosides and amoxicillin was leached for about 3 weeks. Cephalosporins and sodium amoxicillin were released in 2 to 3 days, and quinolone beads were too brittle to be used. Plaster of Paris, which is cheap, biocompatible and biodegradable, is an excellent carrier for sodium fusidate, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1996

Parent satisfaction comparing two bandage materials used during serial casting in infants.

Plaster of Paris was compared with semirigid fiberglass casting material during serial casting in 17 infants with clubfoot or rigid metatarsus adductus. Semirigid fiberglass was statistically superior in its durability, convenience, performance, and ease of removal. The average amount of time for home cast removal by the parents was 55 minutes for plaster of Paris and 21 minutes for semirigid fiberglass. Complications such as skin abrasions and cast slip-off were similar for both casting materials. Ninety-four percent of parents strongly preferred semirigid fiberglass rather than plaster of Paris for their child's serial casting.

Casts, Surgical↗

PubMed1985

[Osteogenesis induced by the addition of demineralized bone matrix to plaster pellets with antibiotics. Animal experiment].

The authors have previously shown the role of antibiotic loaded plaster-of-Paris pellets in the treatment of bone loss. In the present paper, a study has been made of the effects of osteogenesis of added decalcified bone matrix in powder. The experiment was made by the implantation of pellets in the muscles of rabbits. It was shown that bone induction by pellets of bone matrix was slightly lower when Rifamycin was added and was not modified by the addition of Fucidin or Gentamycin. The exudation of antibiotics was not diminished by the addition of bone matrix to plaster-of-Paris pellets. The double action, on infection and on bone induction, of composite pellets of plaster-of-Paris with antibiotics and bone matrix may lead to their use in the treatment of septic bone cavities since the pellets are absorbable.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Doxycycline-tricalcium phosphate composite graft facilitates osseous healing in advanced periodontal furcation defects.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline composite graft to surgical debridement alone in the treatment of Class II and Class III furcation defects. Fifteen patients with adult periodontitis and at least two mandibular molars with Class II or III furcation defects were selected. A total of 40 sites were treated: 26 were Class II defects and 14 were Class III. Following initial therapy one site was randomly selected to receive the composite graft while the remaining site served as the surgically debrided control. Osseous healing was evaluated by direct measurements from an acrylic stent at the time of graft surgery and at the 6-month reentry. Following surgery each patient was placed on doxycycline 100mg/day for 10 days. The absence of clinical inflammation and infection during the healing process provided additional substantiation of the biocompatibility of the grafting materials. Results after 6 months indicated that sites treated with the composite graft had improved defect fill, defect resolution, probing depths, and clinical attachment levels when compared to the surgically debrided controls. Defect fill was 3.7 times greater in grafted sites and these sites were 4.0 times more likely to have 50% or greater defect fill. The effect of grafting was more pronounced in Class III defects where horizontal defect fill and gain of clinical attachment was achieved only in grafted sites. The plaster of paris functioned well as a binder, preventing particle scatter and facilitating graft retention. Additionally the plaster served as a vehicle to carry and retain the doxycycline at the treated site. These short-term results point to the potential of a composite graft containing tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline in promoting healing of furcation lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

The treatment of fractures of the ring and little metacarpal necks. A prospective randomized study of three different types of treatment.

A total of 105 patients with fracture of the neck of the ring or little metacarpal bone were randomized to receive three different types of treatment: dorso-ulnar plaster-of-Paris from the proximal interphalangeal joint to elbow; functional brace around the wrist; or elastic bandage. Twenty patients (19%) had to be excluded for different reasons leaving 85 patients in the study. The remaining patients were examined after 4 weeks and 3 months. There was no difference in patient satisfaction between the three different types of treatment. The functional brace was in our opinion superior to the two other types of treatment: the patients had as little pain as the patients treated with plaster-of-Paris and less pain than patients treated with elastic bandage. Patients treated with a functional brace mobilized as fast as patients treated with elastic bandage and faster than patients treated with plaster-of-Paris. Based on these findings, we recommend the functional brace for treatment of fractures of the neck of the ring and little metacarpals.

Bandages↗

PubMed1999

Hybrid casts: a comparison of different casting materials.

Casting and splinting materials used in orthopedics have historically consisted of plaster of Paris and, more recently, fiberglass. Plaster is cost-effective and malleable enough to help to hold reductions. Fiberglass is stronger and lighter, but more expensive. The hybrid cast of plaster and fiberglass optimizes the advantages of both materials in fracture management; it is sufficiently strong, yet still cost-effective.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed2003

Evaluation of synchronous twin pulse technique for shock wave lithotripsy: determination of optimal parameters for in vitro stone fragmentation.

PURPOSE: The Twinheads extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (THSWL) is composed of 2 identical shock wave generators and reflectors. One reflector is under the table and the other is over the table with a variable angle between the axes of the 2 reflectors. The 2 reflectors share a common second focal point, making it possible to deliver an almost synchronous twin pulse to the targeted stone. We studied the optimal parameters for in vitro stone fragmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two types of 1 cm artificial stones were used, namely Bon(n)-stones of 3 compositions (75% calcium oxalate monohydrate [COM] plus 25% uric acid, struvite and cystine) and plaster of Paris. The parameters tested were shock wave number (100, 500 and 1,000), shock wave power (8, 11 and 14 kV) and angle between the reflector axes (67, 90 and 105 degrees). After the optimal parameters were determined we studied the disintegrative efficacy of THSWL for 3 types of human urinary calculi, including COM, calcium hydrogen phosphate (brushite) and cystine. Each stone received 1,000 twin shock waves at 14 kV with an angle of 90 degrees between the reflectors. All experiments were done using a rate of 60 twin shock waves per minute. Following lithotripsy stone fragments were processed and sized. The ratio of the weight of fragments greater than 2 mm-to-total weight of all fragments was calculated. RESULTS: Optimal stone fragmentation results for THSWL were obtained with the maximum number of shock waves (1,000) and full power (14 kV). There was no significant statistical difference in fragment size or the ratio of fragments greater than 2 mm with the use of different angles except for cystine and plaster of Paris calculi, for which the right angle was most effective. At application of the optimal parameters to human stones THSWL produced small fragment size for COM and cystine stones, while brushite stones were not fragmented to the same extent. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of synchronous twin pulse technology improves as the number of shock waves and power increase. A 90-degree angle between the shock wave reflectors is advantageous for certain stones (that is cystine and plaster of Paris) but it is not a factor for other stone compositions. THSWL has satisfactory disintegrative efficacy for human stones, especially COM and cysteine calculi.

Calcium Oxalate↗

PubMed1990

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children: analysis of the results in 142 patients.

One hundred forty-two children who had supracondylar humerus fractures and who were treated either by open reduction and internal fixation or by closed methods were reviewed. There were 104 boys and 38 girls. Their ages ranged between 2 and 14 years, with an average age of 8 years. One hundred thirteen of the fractures were of the extension type and 29 were of the flexion type. Sixty-two patients were treated by manipulative reduction and immobilization in a plaster of Paris cast, and 20 were treated by overhead skeletal traction followed by the application of a plaster of Paris cast. The other 60 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The follow-up period ranged from 4 years to 11 years, with an average of 7.5 years. The results were evaluated based on the range of motion, the subsequent deformity, if any, and the carrying angle. In the overall series we had 72 (50.70%) excellent, 31 (21.83%) good, 13 (9.15%) fair, and 26 (18.30%) poor results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Colles' fracture. Therapeutic results and use of resources. A comparative study between 2 departments in the same county].

A comparison between the functional end results of Colles' fractures, treated in two different hospitals, was performed by a follow up study of 100 patients from each hospital 18-24 months after fracture. The difference between the requirements of resources in the two hospitals were mainly: treatment of patients as outpatients or during admission and the method of anaesthesia. No significant difference in functional end result between the two groups was found. It was concluded that local anaesthesia in the fracture haematoma often is insufficient and is unpleasant for the patient. A more effective anaesthesia which can be applied polyclinically is preferable, as anaesthesia, which demands admission to the hospital, is an expensive solution and does not give a better functional end result. The "sandwich" type plaster of Paris bandage is more comfortable, safer to use with outpatients and is therefore preferable to the circular plaster of Paris bandage.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Measurement of electrical current density distribution in a simple head phantom with magnetic resonance imaging.

Knowledge of the influence of the human skull on the electrical current (d.c.) distribution within the brain tissue could prove useful in measuring impedance changes inside the human head. These changes can be related to physiological functions. The studies presented in this paper examine the current density distribution in a simple phantom consisting of a saline filled tank (to simulate scalp and brain) and a ring made of dental grade plaster of Paris (to simulate the human skull). Images of the distribution of the d.c. density of the phantom with and without the plaster of Paris ring were produced using a magnetic resonance imaging technique. These images indicate that the skull is likely to produce a more uniform d.c. density within the brain.

Brain↗

PubMed1989

Fiberglass versus plaster casts. How to choose between them.

Both fiberglass and plaster of Paris casts have advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of material depends on the individual situation. Fiberglass is used most often, but plaster of Paris, with its molding capabilities, is the first choice for fresh extremity fractures. "Hybrid" casts offer no advantages.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cast changes: synthetic versus plaster.

A review of the changes in casting since the introduction of improved synthetic casting materials in the 1970s is presented. There is very little in the literature on nursing implications regarding the newer casting materials. Improvements in synthetic materials used in the casting of children include a fiberglass-free, latex-free casting polymer, with child-friendly prints now available. Though the use of synthetic casting predominates the market, plaster of Paris is still the mainstay for serial casting and casting requiring superior moldability and conformability. The advantages and disadvantages of synthetic and plaster of Paris casting, as well as nursing care of the child in each type of cast are summarized.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1976

Relationship of investing medium to occlusal changes and vertical opening during denture construction.

Four groups of 20 dentures with nonanatomic teeth were processed using four different investing techniques. The incisal guide pin was measured and recorded before processing and again after processing and remounting of each denture on the articulator. The difference between the two readings indicated vertical changes during processing. The least vertical opening and a complete absence of occlusal changes occurred in the dentures invested in the plaster of paris core with an artificial stone cap. The following conclusions were made: (1) Vertical opening in denture processing can be minimized by investing in plaster of paris molds with a stone occlusal matrix. (2) Tooth movement is minimized by the use of this investment combination. (3) Inadequate investing procedures contribute to vertical opening and occlusal discrepancies. (4) Vertical opening of dentures processed by compression molding technique may be due to other factors. This can only be determined by further investigation.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1986

Experimental study on thermal burns caused by plaster bandage.

Plaster bandage is frequently used in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Little is known however of thermal burns caused by plaster bandage. Experience has shown that heat producing levels differ depending on application conditions, i.e., water temperature into which plaster of Paris is dipped, thickness of the plaster cast, kind of plaster, etc. We made a series of experiments to find out what factors are related to elevation of the skin temperature in a plaster splint applied to a human forearm. The highest skin temperature of 47.7 degrees C was obtained upon application of a plaster bandage made of 30 layers of plaster with short setting time, dipped in water at 42 degrees C. In this condition the examinee had a first degree burn on the skin surface. Thus, care must be taken in applying a plaster bandage to assure that it does not cause a serious burn to the skin.

Burns↗

PubMed2000

Missile injuries of the knee joint.

The results of the treatment of missile injuries of 170 knees in 162 patients are analyzed. The injuries were caused by infantry weapon missiles in 52(32.1%) and by fragments of mine or explosive devices in 110(67.9%) patients. The most frequent were penetrating injuries of the joint with multifragment fractures which in 15.8% cases were associated with injuries of the neurovascular bundle. Stabilization of bone fragments was required in 111(65.3%) knees. Stabilization was done by external fixation in 42(37.8%) and by plaster of Paris in 69(62.2%) knees. Additional mini osteosynthesis was required in 13(30.9%) knees stabilized by external fixation and in 3(4.3%) knees stabilized by plaster of Paris. Amputations were performed in 13(7. 6%) injured knees. During the postoperative period local and general complications occurred in 27(16.6%) patients. The most frequent local complications were suppurative articular infections requiring repeated surgery. Soft tissue defect covering was necessary in 53(33. 1%) patients. The poor late results were present in missile fractures of the knee. The most frequent were degenerative changes with bone defects. The possible surgical solutions in such cases are arthrodesis or total endoprosthesis implantation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Casting acute fractures. Part 3--The volar slab.

BACKGROUND: Injury to the wrist or distal forearm is extremely common. An initial plaster of Paris volar splint is often required for effective immobilisation and patient comfort. OBJECTIVE: The specific technique required for rapid application of a strong and comfortable plaster of Paris volar slab is demonstrated. The reader should be able to reproduce a similar slab. DISCUSSION: A standard construction method details required materials, slab outline, desired cast parameters, limb position during application, ideal functional position of the wrist and simple techniques used to mould the slab to the forearm and palm. This slab achieves wrist immobilisation and maximum comfort while maintaining reasonable function of the injured limb.

Arm Injuries↗

PubMed1999

Postoperative blood loss into plaster casts after clubfoot surgery: an experimental model.

With major surgery in mind, a simple experimental model was used to study the potential blood loss into plaster of Paris casts. Three lower limb models were used to represent a 3-year-old, a 1-year-old, and a 6-month-old. Two thicknesses of plaster were compared in terms of blood volume required to produce staining on the surface of the cast. Whole blood from the laboratory was infused onto the plaster models at various rates. While allowing for the limitations of the model, the blood volume required before staining through the plaster when three plaster rolls were used was an average of 160 mL in the 6-month-old model and 310 mL in the 3-year-old modal, representing 31.4% and 29.5% of total blood volume, respectively. When only two rolls of plaster of Paris were used, an average of 80 mL in the 6-month-old and 180 mL in the 3-year-old model were lost, representing 15.7% and 17% of total blood volume, respectively. This potential blood loss should be borne in mind during major pediatric foot surgery. The use of drains, releasing the tourniquet before wound closure, and casting with two rather than three rolls of plaster are suggested precautions.

Age Factors↗