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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Development of the maxilla in patients with complete unilateral cleft palate surgically treated by a periosteal transplantation technic. A retrospective study of 15 surgical cases with an 18 year follow-up].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the long-term growth of the maxilla in subjects with unilateral total cleft treated initially with the tibial periosteal graft technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 15 patients with a mean 18 years follow-up (range 15-20 years). All patients had been operated on by the same surgeon. Only patients in stage DP3, one to two years after peak growth were retained for review. Delaire's architectural analysis was used to study anteroposterior and vertical growth of the maxilla. Transverse growth was studied with the Mars occlusal score. Bone generation induced by the periosteum was studied using the Björk Holmgren analysis. The quality of the palatine and nasal repair was studied using Pruzansky's criteria. RESULTS: Anteroposterior and vertical growth led to a normal maxilla in 53.3% of the cases and a moderate to severe retromaxilla (> 5 mm) in 46.7%. Complete symmetry was achieved for the nasal fossae in 20% of the cases and marked asymmetry was noted in 26%. The height of the nasal fossae was symmetrical in 60% of the cases with marked asymmetry in 26%. Mean production of alveolar bone reached 58% of the height of the alveolar bone filling. It was good in 46.6% of the cases, fair in 26.7% and weak in 26.7%. The occlusal score evidenced crossed occlusion in 33.3% of the cases for a hemisection and in 46.7% of the cases for an anterior section. Normal occlusion was achieved in 20%. The quality of palatine repair was found to be good with a normal mucosa in 86.7% of the cases. A fistula was present in 13.3%. CONCLUSION: The preoperative objectives of periosteal graft repair of unilateral complete clefts were achieved. This technique provides a closed scar-free palate. Nasal repair favored the development of an ample and functional airway. The periosteal graft produced bone in the anterior portion allowing a harmonious premaxillary region and stable nose support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Primary repair of cartilage defect accompanying patellar fracture with free auto-periosteal graft].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of free auto-periosteal graft in primary repair of cartilage defect accompanying severe comminuted fractured of patella. METHODS: From January 1992 to August 1998, seventeen cases with extensive cartilage defect due to severe comminuted fracture of patella were primarily repaired with free auto-periosteal graft. In these cases, there were whole patellar fracture in 9 patients, upper two third patellar fracture in 3 patients and lower two third patellar fracture in 5 patients. During operation, "S"-shaped incision along medial side of knee through intra-cavity pathway were used. After fixation of the patellar fracture and clearance of the residual cartilage in the fracture area, the cancellous bone was exposed and trimmed. The free periosteum was incised from the anterior medial side of upper tibia and then transplanted to the region of cartilage defect. The size of grafted periosteum ranged from 3 cm x 4 cm 5 cm 6 x cm. The knee joint was received passive motion at 7 days after operation. RESULTS: All cases were followed up 8 to 74 months. There were excellent recovery in 12 patients and the function of knee joint was normal, better recovery in 4 patients and the function of knee joint was nearly normal, and moderate recovery in 1 patient and the function of knee joint was limited mildly. CONCLUSION: Free auto-periosteal graft is a simple and effective treatment in primary repair of cartilage defect accompanying patellar fracture. It is valuable to apply in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Formation of the skeleton. VIII. Growth of a long bone: periostealization of the metaphysial bone].

The growth of the diaphysis of a long bone is manifested in three distinct constituent parts: the bone periosteal collar and, at both ends, the two metaphyses. These grow on the epiphyseal plate side and at the other end, they are integrated into the periosteal bone collar. This integration involves changes in the periosteal bone as well as in the fibro-cellular-layer which surrounds it. All these modifications have been described as constitutuing "the periostealisation of metaphyseal bone".

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Induction of ectopic bone formation by using human periosteal cells in combination with a novel scaffold technology.

Due to their osteogenic germination potential, periosteum-derived osteoprogenitor cells are a potential source for tissue engineering a bone graft that could be used to regenerate skeletal defects. In this study we evaluated if ectopic bone formation could be induced by a construct made of human periosteal cells and a novel scaffold architecture whose mechanical properties are in the range of cancellous bone. Biopsies from human calvarial periosteum were harvested and cells were isolated from the inner cambial layer. Fifty thousand periosteal cells were seeded into the scaffolds measuring 6 x 6 x 2 mm. The cell-scaffold constructs were cultured for a period of 3 weeks prior to implantation into balb C nude mice. Mice were sacrificed and implants were analyzed 6 and 17 weeks postoperatively. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the osteoblastic phenotype of the seeded cells. Formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers could be observed in both scaffold architectures. Three-dimensional cell proliferation was observed after 2 weeks of culturing with centripetal growth pattern inside the pore network. The deposition of calcified extracellular matrix was observed after 3 weeks of culturing. In vivo, endochondral bone formation with osteoid production was detectable via von Kossa and Osteocalcin staining after 6 and 17 weeks. Histology and SEM revealed that the entire scaffold/bone grafts were penetrated by a vascular network. This study showed the potential of bone tissue engineering by using human periosteal cells in combination with a novel scaffold technology.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Treatment of elbow joint ankylosis by repair of articular surface with periosteal autograft].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of periosteal autograft in repair of ankylosis of elbow joint. METHODS: From May 1985 to November 1999, 18 cases of elbow joints ankylosis (6 cases of osteo-ankylosis, 12 cases of fibroankylosis) were treated by repairing articular surface with periosteal autografting. Out of 18 cases, 13 were caused by old dislocation and fracture of elbow joints, 3 by late rheumatoid arthritis, and 2 by old total joint tuberculosis. In this surgical approach, periosteum from upper end of tibia was transplanted into articular surface after correction of the elbow joint from ankylosis deformity, and continuous passive or active movement of the operated joint was adopted with skeletal traction through olecranon of ulna for 4 weeks after operation. All of the cases were followed up for 1-9 years, 5.2 years on average, before clinical evaluation. RESULTS: The elbow joints in 11 cases were restored to normal, the joints in 4 cases obtained active movement in the range of 100 degrees-0 degree, and the joints in the other 3 cases could only have limited movement because of severe muscular atrophy. CONCLUSION: The articular surface in arthroplasty of elbow joint ankylosis could be effectively repaired by periosteal autograft, and the function of the joints could be obviously improved by continuous movement of the joints after operation with skeletal traction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The applied anatomy of the periosteal flap composed of submental artery and dgastric muscle].

OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomical basis for a new style operation using periosteal flap composed of submental artery, anteroventral portion of digastric muscle and submental artery for the renovation of laryngotrachea. METHODS: The anatomical structures correlative with submental artery, submental vein, anteroventral portion of digastric muscle and mandibular periosteum in 23 (46 sides) cephalocervical samples were measured. RESULTS: The periosteal flaps had shown many advantages inculding large transfer capacity, rich blood supply, flexibility. CONCLUSION: It is feasible that the periosteal flap composed of submental artery, anteroventral portion of digastric muscle and mandibular periosteum is useful laryngotracheal renovation.

Arteries↗
PubMed1992

Culture-expanded periosteal-derived cells exhibit osteochondrogenic potential in porous calcium phosphate ceramics in vivo.

Chick tibial periosteal cells were enzymatically disaggregated, introduced into cell culture, and subcultured. These subcultured cells were combined with porous calcium phosphate ceramics and implanted into a subcutaneous site in athymic mice as an immunocompatible host to test the in vivo osteochondrogenic potential of this composite graft. These cells eventually gave rise to bone tissue in the pores of ceramics at the heterotopic implantation sites. The process of bone formation occurred through two different mechanisms: Intramembranous bone formation occurred at the peripheral pores of ceramics early, and endochondral bone formation occurred in the central pores later. Cultured chick muscle fibroblasts of the same-aged donor as controls did not form bone or cartilage under identical conditions to those of cultured periosteal-derived cells. These results raise the possibility that composite graft of cultured periosteal-derived cells and porous ceramics can be clinically used as a bone graft substitute in situations requiring bone augmentation or regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Combination of microfracture and periosteal transplantation techniques for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects].

OBJECTIVES: Microfracture and periosteal transplantation techniques were combined in order to enhance the quality of repair for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects. METHODS: In 40 mature New Zealand white rabbits, a full-thickness cartilage defect of 4 mm was induced on the weight-bearing surfaces of the medial condyles of the right femur. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups equal in size. Control animals remained untreated following defect induction. Two groups were either treated with periosteal transplantation or the microfracture technique, while the fourth group underwent combination of the two techniques. All the animals were immobilized for two weeks postoperatively. At the end of 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were removed for evaluation according to the criteria of the ICRS scale (International Cartilage Repair Society), and with respect to newly regenerated cartilage areas and the number of viable chondrocytes. RESULTS: Specimens treated with the combination of the two techniques exhibited significant differences from the other groups in all criteria of the ICRS scale (surface, matrix, cellular distribution, cell viability, and cartilage mineralization) except for subchondral bone criteria. In addition, the mean number of viable chondrocytes and newly regenerated cartilage areas were the highest in this group (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Due to markedly improved quality of repair, the combination of the microfracture and periosteal flap techniques seems to be more effective than either of the techniques used alone in the treatment of cartilage defects.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Morphologic study of repair of induced osteochondral defects of the distal portion of the radial carpal bone in horses by use of glued periosteal autografts [corrected].

The use of periosteal autografts to resurface osteochondral defects was investigated in 10 horses (2 to 3 years old), and the repair tissue was characterized morphologically. Middle carpal joint arthrotomies were made, and osteochondral defects were induced bilaterally on the distal articular surface of each radial carpal bone. Each defect measured approximately 1 cm2 and extended 3 mm into the subchondral bone plate. Residual subchondral bone plate of control and principal defects was perforated by drilling. A sterile fibrin adhesive was made by mixing a fibrinogen component and a thrombin component. A periosteal autograft was harvested from the proximal portion of the tibia and was glued onto the recipient osseous surface, with its cambium facing the joint cavity. Control defects were glued, but not grafted. Horses were walked 1 hour daily on a walker, starting at postoperative week 7 and continuing for 9 weeks. Sixteen weeks after the grafting procedure was done, carpal radiography was performed, after which horses were euthanatized. Quality of repair tissue of control and grafted defects was evaluated and compared grossly, histologically, and histochemically. Using a reticule, the proportions of various repair tissue types filling each defect were quantitated. Seven weeks after the grafting procedure was done, bilateral arthroscopy revealed synovial adhesions and marginal pannus formation in control and grafted defects. None of the autografts was found floating unattached within the respective middle carpal joints. At 16 weeks, the gross appearance of most grafted and nongrafted defects was similar, and repair was dominated by a fibrous pannus. In 4 grafted defects, bone had formed either concentrically within the defect or eccentrically in the fibrous adhesions between the defect and the joint margin. Histologically, all grafted and nongrafted defects were repaired similarly by infiltration of a mixture of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, and bone. Fibrous tissue was the predominant tissue in most defects and its mean proportion was 56 and 59% in the grafted and nongrafted defects, respectively. Fibrocartilaginous tissue in the deeper layers approximated 20%, and woven bone at the base of the defect was 20% in all defects. Histochemically, difference in staining for proteoglycans was not observed between grafted and nongrafted defects. Little remaining original periosteal graft tissue was evident at the defect sites. The only distinguishing feature of grafted defects was the presence of islands of bone formation either at the defect site (n = 2 horses), or in somewhat dorsally displaced tissue that was incorporated in fibrous adhesions (n = 2 horses).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Periosteal response in translation-induced bone remodelling.

Translation of transplanted bones induces strain in the periosteum and subsequent bone remodelling. This study examines the periosteal response on the leading and trailing sides of translated bones using an in vivo model where internal bone strain is virtually eliminated. Caudal vertebrae from 4 days old rats were threaded onto the arms of pre-stressed helical torsion springs and transplanted subcutaneously. In the experimental rats, the appliances were activated seven days later causing the bones to translate. Tissues were examined both optically and by transmission electron microscopy. A connective tissue sheath or capsule forms around the bones and, as the arms of the appliance move apart, traction on the enveloping soft tissues produces compression of the periosteum on the leading side and tension on the trailing side with remodelling occurring in a direction opposite to translation. The control periosteum has an ordered structure with well-delineated osteogenic, mid- and fibrous zones. During translation the periosteum on the leading side is consistently narrower than on the trailing side and shows a gradual reduction in formative activity followed by resorption in select areas. Cells and fibres are aligned predominantly parallel to the bone surface. Accelerated formation characterises the trailing side during the translation phase with increased activity and widening of all three periosteal layers. The fibrous layer merges with the connective tissue sheath which frequently is oriented approximately perpendicular to the bone surface. The direction of remodelling is reversed when translation ceases with corresponding changes visible in the periosteum, the osteoblastic layer being the last to show changes. A normal periosteal structure and remodelling pattern is regained when equilibrium of the bones within the soft tissues is attained. This study shows that the enveloping soft tissues profoundly influence the nature and rate of bone remodelling. The changes are reflected in the periosteum which functions as an integrated unit modulating the signal transmitted to the osteoblasts which play a key role in events occurring at the bone surface. Changes are not attributable to internal bone strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Periosteal chondroma. A report of ten cases and review of the literature.

Periosteal chondroma is a slow-growing benign cartilaginous tumor of limited size arising within or under the periosteum, which, through constant pressure, induces cortical erosion and periosteal reaction. Ten new cases of periosteal chondroma are reported. All were treated by marginal or intralesional excision. No local recurrence was seen following this treatment. These patients demonstrated the clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features of this benign entity, which aid diagnosis, thereby avoiding overtreatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Massive periosteal elevation. An unusual presentation in acute haematogenous osteomyelitis of the long bones in children.

Although periosteal reaction in acute haematogenous osteomyelitis is known to occur and is well documented, massive periosteal reaction is rare. Two children with copious periosteal reaction around the shafts of the long bones are presented. This could be a manifestation of staphylococcal osteomyelitis as blood culture grew Staphylococcus aureus in one of the cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Radiographic findings of periosteal reactions in systemic bone disorders (author's transl)].

Periosteal reaction is frequently the first sign of systemic disease affecting the skeleton, including generalized osteopathia. It can be generalized, focal, monostotic or polyostotic and shows solid, lamellary or interrrupted spiculae-like reaction. A reliable diagnosis is possible from the interpretation of these changes, as for instance with spiculae: Very dense and evenly arranged spiculae are only seen in hemolytic anemias and metastases of neurogenic tumors. Onionskin like periosteal reaction with simultaneous transformation of the diaphyseal cortex are difficult to interpret. However, in case of hyperparathyreoidism, subperiosteal resorption and transformation of the diaphyseal cortex permit precise diagnosis. Follow-up examinations have prognostic and therapeutic value. The knowledge of the different morphology of periosteal reaction associated with systemic disease (including generalized osteopathias) is important in diagnostic radiology.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1990

Alkaline phosphatase production by periosteal cells at various oxygen tensions in vitro.

A mammalian periosteal cell culture system was developed to investigate the metabolic response of fresh calf bone periosteal cells to various oxygen tensions in vitro. Two predominant cell phenotypes were seen in the culture system. A rapidly proliferating mat of alkaline phosphatase-negative cells supported the growth of overlying clusters of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells. The appearance and subsequent population growth of the alkaline phosphatase-positive cells correlated directly with increases in enzyme activity on biochemical assay. Alkaline phosphatase production was optimal at lower oxygen tensions (5%, 9%), which approximated capillary pO2. In addition, the preconfluence oxygen environment was more critical to the final expression of the enzyme activity than the postconfluence environment. The mechanism of the environmental regulation of alkaline phosphatase gene expression at various oxygen tensions is not known. Periosteal cells were highly sensitive to oxygen tension and expressed alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity at oxygen levels approximating capillary rather than atmospheric pO2.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Periosteal ganglion case report and review of the literature.

The first reported case of a periosteal ganglion to be documented by computerized tomography is presented. The lesion was located on the shaft of the tibia and was unrelated to ligamentous and joint structures. A review of the literature reveals that the most common site for this lesion is the upper leg, as noted in our case; for that reason, periosteal ganglion should be included in the differential diagnosis of any soft tissue lesion in this location. CT may be more useful than plain films to demonstrate periosteal ganglion when cortical erosion is absent.

Cysts↗
PubMed1988

Effect of diffusion chamber pore size on differentiation and proliferation of periosteal cells. An experimental study.

The influence of the pore size of Nucleopore diffusion-chamber filters on the rate of proliferation and differentiation of periosteal cells in muscle was studied in 44 growing rabbits. Periosteal grafts were placed in chambers (16-19 in each experimental group) sealed with filters with a pore size of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, or 2.0 micron. Each chamber was implanted into the paraspinal muscle of the rabbit, where it remained for 16 weeks. The osteochondrogenic activity of the graft grew linearly when the pore size increased from 0.4 to 1.0 micron. In the chambers with a pore size of 2.0 micron, both bone and cartilage were found in only one chamber. Bone and cartilage were not found outside any of the chambers. The present results showed that the pore size of the filters significantly affected the ability of the periosteal graft to form bone and cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The chondrogenic potential of free autogenous periosteal grafts for biological resurfacing of major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces under the influence of continuous passive motion. An experimental investigation in the rabbit.

A rectangular graft of autogenous tibial periosteum was sutured (with its cambium layer facing into the joint) onto the base of a five by ten-millimeter full-thickness defect in the patellar groove of each of 143 adolescent and adult rabbits. The rabbits were managed postoperatively by either immobilization, intermittent active motion, continuous passive motion for two weeks, or continuous passive motion for four weeks. When the animals were killed four weeks postoperatively, the contour of the patellar groove had been restored in all of the rabbits in the group that had had four weeks of continuous passive motion, and the newly formed tissue in all of the defects in this group had the gross, histological, and histochemical appearance of smooth, intact hyaline articular cartilage. Histologically, the nature of the tissue that had formed, as well as its surface regularity, structural integrity, and bonding to the adjacent cartilage, were significantly better in the group that had had four weeks of continuous passive motion than in any of the other groups. The results were significantly worse when the orientation of the periosteal graft was reversed (that is, when it had been sutured into the defect with the cambium layer of the graft facing the subchondral bone rather than into the joint) or when no periosteal graft was used. Biochemical analyses revealed that, in the group that had had four weeks of continuous passive motion, the total hexosamine content, the levels of chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate, and the ratio of galactosamine to glucosamine were all comparable with the values for normal articular cartilage. In contrast, in the groups that were treated by immobilization, intermittent active motion, or two weeks of continuous passive motion, as well as in the adult rabbits, the content of the first three of these substances was significantly less than normal. In the groups that were treated by immobilization, intermittent active motion, or two weeks of continuous passive motion, 32 to 47 per cent of the total collagen was type II, while in the group that had had four weeks of continuous passive motion, 93 per cent of the total collagen was type II. These results demonstrate that, under the influence of continuous passive motion, free autogenous periosteal grafts can repair a large full-thickness defect in a joint surface by producing tissue that resembles articular cartilage grossly, histologically, and biochemically, and that contains predominantly type-II collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Osteogenesis by periosteal transplant. Experimental study of spinal fusion in rats.

Autogenous transplantation of periosteum was performed in 60 rats. Periosteum was transferred from the femur to the spinal column in the region of thoracic vertebra 8 to lumbar vertebra 2. Follow-up included histological examination and microradiography. New bone formation occurred late and the bones were of a heterotopic nature; a solid arthrodesis was not achieved. Free periosteal grafts do not exhibit the relatively predictable behavior of periosteal flaps. Greater understanding at the biomolecular level may be required before free periosteal grafts can be introduced into routine clinical practice.

Animals↗