Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PARASITICIDES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Myeloperoxidase is more efficient than eosinophil peroxidase in the in vitro killing of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) catalyse the formation of hypochlorite (OCl-) from chloride ions (OCl-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). OCl- proved to be highly toxic for Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (NBL) in in vitro assays. Using purified human MPO and EPO it was found that even at neutral pH both enzymes under appropriate conditions are able to kill NBL. The rate at which OCl- is produced is much lower in the EPO- than in the MPO-mediated reaction. This difference in enzymic activity may explain why in the MPO-mediated reaction half the amount of OCl- was sufficient to kill 50% of the NBL, as compared to the EPO-mediated reaction. Purified human eosinophil major basic protein showed excellent OCl- scavenging properties, resulting in a significant decrease in the EPO-mediated NBL killing. Addition of ammonium ions [(NH4)2SO4] to the EPO-mediated reaction increased the NBL killing remarkably. It was concluded that in vitro MPO is more efficient than EPO in killing NBL. Furthermore, it was suggested that although eosinophils show marked parasiticidal effects in various in vitro systems, their primary biological role might be the regulation of the inflammatory reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the effect of various stimuli on the leishmaniacidal capacity of human monocytes in vitro.

Leishmania organisms are obligate intracellular parasites of mammalian mononuclear phagocytes in vivo. In order to study the interactions of these parasites and mononuclear phagocytes, we have used a model of infection of Leishmania major in human monocytes in vitro. The presence of intracellular parasites did not alter the normal secretion of lysozyme or result in increased secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or superoxide anion by the monocytes. Addition of concanavalin A (Con A), which binds to a specific membrane receptor, zymosan particles or endotoxin to infected monocyte monolayers, resulted in the expected increase in PGE2 secretion. In addition, the production of superoxide by infected monocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate was not different from control uninfected cultures. Despite this evidence of biochemical activation, neither endotoxin, zymosan nor Con A had any parasiticidal effect on the intracellular parasites. In contrast, Con A-induced lymphokines from human mononuclear cells resulted in an increased killing of the intracellular amastigotes. These studies have shown that the induction of leishmaniacidal capacity of human monocytes is dependent on the type of stimulus used to induce activation.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and Prurigo strophulus (author's transl)].

Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (A.I.L.) was classified as a special type of malignant lymphoma. However, the same morphologic features can be observed in non-malignant diseases. We report a case of A.I.L. associated with Prurigo Strophulus: pseudo-tumoral adenopathy and cutaneous involvement disappeared with parasiticide treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody-resistant antigenic mutant of Toxoplasma gondii.

Several monoclonal antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were parasiticidal in the presence of normal human serum as measured by reduction in plaque titer or in assays that detected lysis. One monoclonal antibody, G, was used to select a resistant mutant from a large population of chemically mutagenized wild-type parasites. This mutant retained the wild-type sensitivity to other monoclonal antibodies and to polyclonal antisera. A comparison of surface radioiodinated wild-type and mutant parasites by using one and two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that the mutant lacked a protein (or proteins) of approximate m.w. 22,000. An immunoprecipitation procedure using monoclonal antibody G yielded a protein(s) of this m.w. from surface radioiodinated wild-type T. gondii but not from surface radioiodinated mutant parasites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis (author's transl)].

Pathological and clinical features of the portal hypertension in schistosomiasis are reminded. The value of the para-clinical investigations (immunology, endoscopy, angiography and hemodynamic controls) is discussed. Medical treatment is limited to parasiticidal action but an attempt to prevent the formation of granulomas by use of antilymphocytic serum has been reported. The surgical intervention is aimed at suppressing the splenomegaly and decreasing the portal hypertension. The indications of the various techniques are discussed (splenectomy, spleno-renal anastosomis associated with splenectomy, vascular porto-caval anastomosis, omentopexy, triple arterial ligation).

Granuloma↗
PubMed1995

Ivermectin for treatment of generalized demodicosis in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of daily administration of ivermectin in the treatment of dogs with amitraz-resistant generalized demodicosis. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical trial. ANIMALS: Twelve privately owned dogs with juvenile-onset or adult-onset generalized demodicosis that had failed to respond to biweekly or weekly applications of 0.025% amitraz solution. PROCEDURE: All dogs were treated with undiluted ivermectin at a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg of body weight, PO, every 24 hours. There was no other parasiticidal agent given topically or systemically. A physical examination and multiple skin scrapings were performed every 2 to 4 weeks while dogs were receiving ivermectin. Skin scrapings were performed at approximately the same sites at every examination. After no mites were seen, treatment was continued for at least 2 more weeks and then stopped. Dogs were reexamined, and skin scrapings were repeated if any skin lesions developed. For dogs that remained clinically normal, follow-up information was obtained by telephone. Dogs that were free of clinical signs of demodicosis 12 months after ivermectin administration was discontinued were considered cured. RESULTS: Ten of 12 dogs were cured. Median duration of treatment for these dogs was 10 weeks (range, 6 weeks to 5 months). Two dogs were failures, relapsing 10 months and 11.5 months after treatment was stopped. One of these dogs was successfully treated with a second course of ivermectin. Mild ivermectin toxicosis developed in 1 dog after 6 weeks of treatment; side effects resolved shortly after the treatment was stopped. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Daily use of ivermectin, at a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg, PO, was found to be effective in the treatment of generalized demodicosis in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Activity of pentostam (sodium stibogluconate) against cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice treated with neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma antibody.

Studies with Leishmania donovani in the mouse have demonstrated that an intact T cell compartment is required for effective anti-leishmanial therapy using pentavalent antimony compounds such as Pentostam (sodium stibogluconate), suggesting that the in vivo efficacy of drug treatment is at least partially immune-based. Similarly, Leishmania-infected, immunodeficient human patients including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) generally relapse following therapy with antimonials. However, sodium stibogluconate is directly parasiticidal in vitro, in the absence of T cells or T cell products. Using a model of a cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, in which susceptible BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania major, we investigated whether the antileishmanial activity of the drug demonstrated a requirement for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine produced during a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune response and known to contribute to resistance to infection, and whether drug therapy affected the nature of the antileishmanial response. Lesion development was suppressed in mice treated from the onset of infection with sodium stibogluconate alone, and in animals treated with sodium stibogluconate plus a neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibody, and tissue parasite burdens were approximately 10,000-fold less at the end of therapy in both groups compared with controls. Lesion development was similarly suppressed in mice with established lesions treated with either sodium stibogluconate alone, or sodium stibogluconate plus anti-IFN-gamma antibody. The production of IFN-gamma by cells from infected animals was somewhat increased immediately following therapy with sodium stibogluconate, an effect that was not long-lasting, while interleukin-4 (IL-4) production was not affected by treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Myiases of economic importance].

A simplified list of the principal Diptera capable of causing myiasis is followed by a brief presentation of the biology, lesions inflicted, and methods of treatment and control of the myiases of economic importance. Cochliomyiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax is of greatest interest, in view of the damage and losses caused by this disease. A brief account of the outbreak of infestation in Libya illustrates the danger of this parasite. Other important traumatic myiases are described: that due to Chrysomya bezziana, which causes an African myiasis similar to cochliomyiasis, and those due to Lucilia cuprina and related species. Hypodermyiasis (warble fly infestation) and oestrosis (nasal bot fly infestation in sheep) still cause major economic losses in domestic animals, justifying their inclusion in control campaigns. The same applies to stomach bot flies of the family Gasterophilidae. The account of each myiasis includes notes on parasiticides which have been found to be effective. Given the rapidity with which a parasite can now be transported from one continent to another, it is important for Veterinary Services to be well-informed and vigilant.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Modulation of murine macrophage function by IL-13.

Activated macrophages are important effector cells for immune response to many parasites and immune responses are strongly modulated in part by the effect of Th cell-derived cytokines on macrophages. Th1-derived cytokines such as IFN-gamma are strong stimulators of macrophage activation, while cytokines produced by Th2 cells, including IL-4 and IL-10, have been shown under some conditions to inhibit macrophage activities associated with inflammatory responses. IL-13, a recently described cytokine produced by Th2 cells, is also capable of down-modulating macrophage activity in a manner similar to that previously described for IL-4. Treatment of activated macrophages with IL-13 reduces the production of inflammatory monokines in response to IFN-gamma or LPS, both potent stimulators of these factors. In addition, IL-13 decreases the production of nitric oxide by activated macrophages. Nitric oxide has been implicated in both macrophage cytotoxicity and macrophage-associated immunosuppression. The suppression of nitric oxide by IL-13 leads to a decrease in parasiticidal activity by activated macrophages. However, our data indicate that IL-13 has pleiotropic effects, while the inflammatory potential of activated macrophages is significantly reduced, the potential of other macrophage subsets is unimpaired. These data indicate that IL-13 could be a potent modulator of immune responses in vivo, with effects that may embrace both macrophage suppressive and macrophage potentiating functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Importance of the different T lymphocytes subsets in immunity of mice against an intracellular protozoan parasite: Leishmania major].

The resolution of lesions in mice experimentally infected with L. major requires the expansion of CD4+ T cells specific for parasite antigens which release or express on their membranes lymphokines typical of those secreted by CD4+ Th1 cells. These lymphokines activate macrophages containing L. major to a parasiticidal state through the production of molecules toxic for the parasite. The anti-Leishmania effector function of parasite-specific CD4+ Th1 cells was found dependent upon their fine specificity. Specific CD8+ T cells are induced during infection and evidence exist that they contribute to the elimination of parasites, an effect probably resulting from the Interferon gamma that they release. Their role in controlling secondary lesions that develop upon challenge of immune mice is even more important. The severity of lesions induced by L. major in mice depends upon the expansion of parasite-specific CD4+ cells with functional characteristics of Th2 cells. This effect appears to be the result of their ability to secrete lymphokines capable of inhibiting the activation of macrophages in response to IFN-gamma and the secretion of this lymphokine by Th1 cells. Recently, a possible role for gamma delta+ T cells in containing parasites growth in vivo has been suggested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of low-frequency ultrasound in the surgical treatment of pulmonary echinococcosis].

A convincing evidence is given that the low-frequency ultrasound (26.4-26.6 kHz) has pronounced parasiticidal and bactericidal effects and can completely replace the drugs commonly used for disinfection. The low-frequency ultrasound used for treatment of the parasitic cyst bed allows the indication for organ preserving operations to be wider, the complicated forms of the disease included.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The in vitro activity of Vernonia amygdalina on Leishmania aethiopica.

Anti-leishmanial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, a plant widely used in Ethiopia for the treatment of parasitic infections, has been assessed in vitro on Leishmania aethiopica. Amastigotes were more sensitive to V. amygdalina than promastigotes. The chloroform extract had a stronger parasiticidal activity, with median effective doses (ED50) of 18.5 micrograms/ml and 13.3 micrograms/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, than the methanol extract with ED50 of 74.4 micrograms/ml and 45.8 micrograms/ml respectively. Cytotoxicity caused by V. amygdalina to host cells, the human leukaemia monocyte THP-1 cell line, as determined by the methyl tetrazolium assay, resulted in a median lethal dose (LD50) of 19.6 micrograms/ml for the chloroform extract and 243.4 micrograms/ml for the methanol extract. In comparison, the ED50 and LD50 of pentamidine, a standard anti-leishmanial drug, were 0.5 micrograms/ml and 1.4 micrograms/ml respectively. These results indicate that V. amygdalina displays potent anti-leishmanial activities and warrants further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Soluble antigens of intra-erythrocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum: diagnostic and vaccinal value].

A wide variety of soluble antigens also called exoantigens or excretory-secretory antigens are released by asexual blood stages of P. falciparum at the time of schizont burst and subsequent merozoite invasion. At present, most of these soluble malarial proteins have been purified and have had their genes cloned; the primary sequence displays considerable polymorphism upon tandem repeats. However, its function and the relevance of the polymorphism for the induction of host immune response, predominantly IgM and T-cell-independent type, has yet to be determined. The potential of P. falciparum exoantigens as immunodiagnostic tools has been the focus of numerous studies. Enzyme immunoassays or radioimmunoassays for the detection of malarial antigens in blood of suspected peoples have been reported. Their development requires increasing both specificity and sensitivity. Recently, some P. falciparum exoantigens have been proposed as candidates for inclusion in an anti-disease vaccine which induces a clinical but not parasiticidal immunity against malaria. There is much interest in this concept and their efficiency remains to be confirmed, as new strategies are needed in the prevention of malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Extensive vertebral hydatidosis. A study.

An exceptional case of vertebral hydatidosis with involvement of the cervical, dorsal, lumbar and sacral segments of the spine is presented. Vertebral hydatidosis is a rare form of hydatid disease. It is found in less than 2% of all cases in echinococcosis. The initial parasite localization is usually univertebral. Extensive primary lesions were related to massive infestation by tapeworm ova at multivertebral levels. At this stage, the disease presents as a malignant tumor resistant to all surgical procedures. The prognosis is poor because of severe neurological complications and inexorable spinal destruction. The hope remains that in the future an effective medical parasiticidal treatment will be available.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Controlled tests of activity of several antiparasitic compounds against natural infections of Haemonchus contortus and other helminths in lambs from a flock established in 1962.

Antiparasitic activity of several compounds was evaluated over a long period (about 25 years) in the same flock of sheep. Haemonchus contortus was of special interest, including its relation to drug resistance, especially to thiabendazole and other benzimidazoles, in addition to phenothiazine. Eleven compounds were evaluated in 15 controlled tests, done between 1966 and 1989 in naturally infected lambs (n = 145) born and raised on the same pasture. Sheep were first placed on the pasture in 1962, and a few more were added thereafter. Internal parasites in these sheep were classified in 3 general categories: indeterminate exposure to parasiticides; H contortus, resistant to thiabendazole; and H contortus, resistant to phenothiazine. The parasitic infections probably became more homogeneous after several years because of few introductions of outside sheep after initial establishment of the flock. Activity against naturally acquired internal helminths was evaluated for cambendazole (CBZ: dosage, 20 mg/kg of body weight), fenbendazole (FBZ: 5 or 7.5 mg/kg), mebendazole (MBZ: 10 mg/kg); oxfendazole (OFZ: 3.5 or 10 mg/kg), oxibendazole (OBZ: 10 mg/kg); parbendazole (PBZ: 15 mg/kg), phenothiazine (PTZ: 550 mg/kg); pyrantel pamoate (PRT: 25 mg base/kg), tetramizole (TET: 15 mg/kg); thiabendazole (TBZ: 30 or 44 mg/kg), and trichlorfon (TCF: 100 mg/kg). Thiabendazole was used more often (9 tests) than the other compounds. Thiabendazole was more active against mature H contortus in later years than when first used in 1966, although it was never 100% effective. Efficacy against immature H contortus for TBZ did not exceed 86%. Activity against immature and mature stages of this parasite was good overall for the other benzimidazoles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of murine lung interstitial macrophages in comparison with alveolar macrophages in vitro.

The present study was performed to characterize the immunologic potential of interstitial macrophages (INT) in comparison with alveolar macrophages (AL). The data showed that AL, compared with INT, have a more efficient phagocytic potential. In addition, they have a strong microbicidal activity and secrete large amounts of reactive oxygen radicals, nitric oxides, TNF, and IFN on appropriate stimulation. They also exert strong tumoricidal and parasiticidal activities. In contrast, INT are more efficient in releasing immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6. As determined by Ab staining, INT express more MHC class II molecules and are more effective in functioning as accessory cells for mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation compared with AL. Thus, AL appear to be particularly effective as nonspecific first line defense cells against infectious agents, whereas INT are equipped to cooperate with interstitial lymphocytes in inducing a specific immune reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Adverse reactions to drugs in a veterinary hospital.

In a one-year period (July 1, 1975, through June 30, 1976), 130 cases of suspected adverse drug reactions were reviewed in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Ca. Sixty-six of these cases had sufficient evidence to link the reaction to the medication administered. Most of the reactions were attributed to anti-infective agents (antibiotics and parasiticides) and to anesthetics and related drugs. In 28 (42.4%) of the cases, uncomplicated recovery occurred without supportive medication. Four animals (6.1%) died as a direct result of adverse drug reactions. It was concluded that a higher degree of adverse drug reaction awareness is needed in the veterinary profession to enable the accumulation of meaningful data.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1996

Syntheses and pharmacological properties of new 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives.

The paper reports the structures, syntheses and pharmacological properties of new compounds having a 2-aminobenzimidazole group. They exhibit various activities: histamine H1- and H2-receptors blocking activities, antilipidemic and platelet antiaggregatory, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, antimicrobial, fungicidal, parasiticide, antiarrythmic activity and muscle relaxant, comparable to those of drugs used in therapy.

Anthelmintics↗