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PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health nurses' work and expertise in Finland: occupational health nurses' perspective.

The purpose of this study was to describe Finnish occupational health nurses' (OHNs) work in terms of its contents, characteristics, necessities, meanings, development areas, changes, and expertise. The data were gathered via essays handwritten by OHNs (n = 20). Qualitative content analysis revealed that occupational health nursing practice included work with individuals, work communities, and various collaborative partners, office tasks, and other duties. Responses about OHNs' work were classified as characteristics of OHNs and of their work with advantages as well as disadvantages. The work of OHNs requires a multidisciplinary knowledge basis, professional skills, certain personal characteristics, and other features. These should be maintained and developed through continual education. The outcomes of OHNs' work were better health and healthier habits for employers, higher productivity for employers and occupational health care units, and health care savings for society. The most significant change that has occurred over the last 20 years was the move from an individual and medicine orientation toward a focus on the work community and on nursing. Expert OHNs were expected to be competent and multiskilled professionals who apply multidisciplinary knowledge in practice. This study brought out the need for further study with a focus on the client's perspective.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Grouping occupations according to carcinogenic potential: occupation clusters from an exposure linkage system.

An occupational clustering scheme has been developed from an occupation and exposure linkage system. In this scheme, occupational titles are grouped together hierarchically according to the numbers and degrees of their shared exposures. The use of the clusters obtained from this hierarchy is demonstrated in the analysis of the data from a case-control study of bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Occupational autoeczematization or atopic eczema precipitated by occupational contact dermatitis?

Autoeczematization is characterized by the sudden dissemination of a previously localised form of eczema. While widely described, most cases reported have followed chronic, localized stasis dermatitis. In this study, we describe the clinical scenario of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) triggering endogenous-like eczema in atopic individuals, who often have not had eczema since childhood, if at all. These cases appear similar to previously described cases of autoeczematization. To show this clinical scenario, a series of 6 patients is presented from the Occupational Dermatology Clinic in Melbourne, Australia. These workers initially developed OCD, usually affecting the hands, which then precipitated a flare of more generalized eczema. This appeared clinically consistent with atopic eczema (AE), and often became recurrent, and sometimes persistent. OCD can precipitate a flare of more generalized eczema, in a pattern consistent with AE, which may then persist. The clinical scenario is similar to that described for autoeczematization. It is possible that the pathophysiology, when clarified, will prove to be similar. Workers' compensation issues may become complicated for these patients, as the relationship between their generalized eczema and their occupational exposures may not be readily apparent. As a result, the work relatedness of their condition may not be recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Occupational therapy in adult day-care (position paper). American Occupational Therapy Association.

Occupational therapy personnel assume central roles in adult day-care regardless of specific program emphasis. Occupational therapy focuses on health rather than illness, on what the individual can do in spite of disabilities. Several of the profession's objectives directly parallel those of adult day-care--to enable individuals to function as independently as possible despite their physical and mental limitations. To achieve this, a variety of intervention strategies are used, including remedial therapeutic activities, environmental modifications, adapted living techniques, and, when necessary, adaptation of the home environment. In this way, occupational therapy contributes significantly to the quality of life of adult day-care participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Roles and functions of occupational therapy in the management of patients with rheumatic diseases (position paper). American Occupational Therapy Association.

Occupational therapy personnel make a major contribution to the management of patients with rheumatic diseases. Their unique skills include the ability to analyze activities, educate patients in alternate ways of performing these activities, and facilitate problem solving. The education and training of occupational therapy personnel in the physical, psychological, and social aspects of physical dysfunction make them valuable members of the health care team. The ultimate goal of occupational therapy is to help the patient gain the skills to achieve a maximum level of function in life tasks.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introducing OTseeker (Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence): a new evidence database for occupational therapists.

This clinical scenario illustrates how OTseeker can be used by occupational therapists to locate research that may inform clinical decisions. Beyond the clinical arena, this database also has potential to greatly enhance the ability of researchers to perform systematic reviews of RCTs and eventually, development of clinical guidelines. In conclusion, OTseeker is a new Web-based database that provides fast access to evidence of therapeutic effectiveness for clinicians, academics, and students, as well as consumers and providers of occupational therapy services. OTseeker will be able to be used by clinicians to guide dinical practice, by researchers to perform systematic reviews of RCTs, by students, and by consortiums of stakeholders to develop evidence-based guidelines for occupational therapy practice.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed2001

[Six cases of occupational skin diseases caused by cement: considerations from the aspect of occupational dermatology].

Cement, in particular Portland cement, is now widely used in the field of civil engineering and the construction industry. High alkalinity of wet cement and its tiny content of water-soluble chromate can cause occupational skin diseases. In this paper, we report four cases of contact dermatitis by cement and two cases of cement burn. The occupation of the patients included two plasterers, a truck driver, a manufacturer of cement ware and two construction workers. Skin of the hands and fingers of the cement dermatitis cases was dry and fissured, and had hyperkeratotic papules and erythemas or acute exudative eczematous lesions. In one of these cases, the eczematous lesions spread to the face, extremities and trunk. All cases resulted in a positive patch testing for sodium dichromate. The cement burn cases developed severe necrotic ulcers on the leg and/or foot following prolonged contact with wet cement inside their boots. Patch testing was negative for chromate. A field trip to a construction worksite showed that method of working as well as worker's clothing at present could not thoroughly protect the skin. Therefore we concluded that better protective clothing and gloves should be used and that working conditions be improved. Most skin diseases caused by cement occur among workers at small-scale enterprises. Therefore it is desirable that regional occupational health centers, which were established to promote the health care system for workers at small-scale enterprises, take prompt measures to avoid the skin diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Position paper on occupational therapist's role in work related therapy. Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists.

In summary, occupational therapists use work related assessment and interventions to assist clients experiencing physical, psychological, cognitive and/or sociocultural disabilities to determine their competitive employment potential and to maximize their work performance. Clients with work histories (transient or consistent), as well as those with non-existent work histories, are all suitable candidates. For some clients, more formal educational training will be required for re-entry into the workforce. For others the use of previously developed work skills and habits can be transferred to new or related occupations. Although successful work vocational outcomes require the contribution of a number of health and education professionals, the occupational therapists have a unique contribution and role to play in work-related therapy and vocational rehabilitation.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

[The labor potential in occupational health services at the provincial level before the occupational health services act came into effect].

The author evaluates how far the personnel of occupational health services (OHS) at the provincial level is ready to undertake and implement the tasks provided by the Occupational Health Services Act at the eve of its coming into force. Personnel resources of OHS differ depending on the region. This applies to all groups of workers and is generally related to the provincial regulations and employment policy. Specialists-consultants constituted 12% of provincial OHS workers and the majority of them (60%) were employed on a full-time basis. Specialists in laryngology, ophthalmology and neurology were employed most frequently. Physicians with additional qualifications necessary for performing preventive examinations accounted for 16% of the total number of OHS workers; and those with acknowledged competence due to long experience--40%. Thus, 60% (400) of physicians should be trained in research institutions. As to qualifications of nurses, the situation is even worse. Only 6% of nurses were specialised in occupational health, and 35% of nurses employed at the provincial level completed relevant qualification courses. The qualifications of over 60% of nurses are insufficient for implementing tasks provided by the new OHS Act.

Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

[Assessment of occupational environment of pregnant women by general practitioners and specialists in occupational medicine].

Pregnant women in Denmark are allowed sick leave when exposed to occupational risk factors or when the pregnancy is abnormal. The aim of the study was to describe pregnancy-related risk assessment and possible variations among medical doctors. During 1994 13 specialists in occupational medicine and a sample of 30 general practitioners answered questionnaires on pregnancy-related risk assessment. Risk assessment varied and included factors, that did not in themselves allow sick leave. General practitioners focused on the pregnancy and occupational specialists on the work environment, and there were similar variations in risk assessment and counselling among the two groups. Approximately 40% of the doctors had constrained prescribed sick leave. As the project points out differences in risk assessment it seems reasonable to evaluate these so as to obtain consensus.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2001

The role of the School of Public Health at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in multidisciplinary training of physicians in occupational medicine.

The School of Public Health was opened on 30 June 1992 as an integral part of the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. The late Director General of the Institute, Professor Janusz A. Indulski (1930-1999) was its initiator and founder. The School of Public Health is a scientific, research and didactic unit of the Nofer Institute. It offers post-graduate studies in the areas of occupational medicine, work hygiene, public health, environmental health, organization and management of health care and health promotion. The opportunity for multidisciplinary education of specialists in occupational medicine lies in the fact that the didactic process organized by the School is based on the knowledge, experience and skills of the Institutes' research workers. Lectures are provided by 100 persons, including 22 professors, 6 assistant professors and over 50 doctors. The didactic team also includes outstanding national and international experts (WHO, OECD, IAAE, etc.). During the last five years, the number of students increased from 1200 in 1996 to over 2200 by the end of 2000.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed2006

[Professionalization of occupational therapists--based on interviews with the psychiatric nurses and instructors before legislation on occupational therapists was passed].

This article aims to clarify the historical background regarding why psychiatric occupational therapists pointed out the ambiguity of their professional roles in the 1990's after over 25 years of legislation on occupational therapists. Findings regarding their social background and interviews with the nurses and instructors who were engaged in occupational therapy before the legislation are as follows: (1) Actual conditions of the nurses and instructors were not fully reflected in the clauses. This seems to create a separation between old and new people in this field. (2) Although social prejudice against the patients and chronic shortages of manpower existed, the objectives of treating the patients as human beings and collaborating with them (not having them work) were regarded as being important. This seems to have been one of the "guidelines" of Doctor Shuzo Kure in the Meiji Era.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1991

Use of sentinel health events (occupational) in computer assisted occupational health surveillance.

The U.S. Coast Guard has developed a Coast Guard-wide comprehensive system for surveillance of workplace diseases. The American Medical Association's fifth edition of the Current Medical Information and Terminology (CMIT) was used as a reference to expand the basic list of 50 Sentinel Health Events (Occupational) [SHE(O)] published by the National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), September, 1983. The expanded list of 107 sentinel events serves as a framework for the development of a computerized system of occupational health surveillance in the U.S. Coast Guard. This application of SHE(O) surveillance can have application in the early detection and prevention of environmental diseases.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1985

[Irritant effect of tensides on occupational dermatitis patients in hairdressing and nursing occupations. Comparative studies of healthy persons and neurodermatitis patients].

The irritational disposition of the skin was studied in a control group of 12 healthy persons, 8 patients with neurodermitis, 11 hairdressers with occupational dermatitis and 11 nurses with occupational dermatitis by using the Duhring-chamber-scarification test. For comparison, the alkali resistance test was also carried out. The results show that with the alkali resistance test the irritational disposition towards tensides may not be judged. The present findings show that the increased irritational disposition toward detergent substances seems to be a constitutional factor which favors the development of occupational dermatitis in hairdressing and nursing jobs; with the patient suffering from atopic dermatitis, one must presume an increased irritational disposition towards tensides in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Occupational and extra-occupational stresses during pregnancy subjectively assessed by the gravida and their significance in relation to other perinatal risks for the newborn infant].

6780 mothers postpartaly were asked how they assess their occupational employment. We made following groups: the work is physically very strain, middle strain or not strain, the work is mentally very exert, middle exert or not exert. We selected 2/3 or all cases to have high risk in pregnancy or neonatal period. We found statistical coherences between the subjective judgement and the social status. The correlations between the subjective judgement of the occupational employment and the risk factors of the perinatal period were loose. The correlations between the perinatal risk factors and the objective social dates (trade, number of children, age of the mother etc.) are better than between perinatal dates and subjective assessment of their occupational employment by the mother.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Seasons and the incidence of occupational and non-occupational accidents at the Szczecin shipyard in 1976].

The number of both occupational and nonoccupational accidents was found to increase in July, November and December. A cumulation of both those types of accidents was observed, which resulted in irregularities of sickness absenteeism. The months in which the rates of occupational and nonoccupational accidents significantly differed were January, March and October. Then the greater seasonality in one of those two types of accidents somehow seemed to be equalized by a lesser seasonality of the other. Much fewer accidents of both types were observed in August, April and May. Occupational traumas brought about longer disablement for work than nonoccupational ones: average annual number of days (accident at work = 14.9, outside work = 12.2. The highest indices of the severity of traumas at work: in April 17.5 days) accident, in March 16.7, in August 16.5, in October 16.0; the lowest -- in June -- 11.5. Those values were different in nonoccupational traumas: the highest was in August -- 14.4, whereas in the remaining ones, oscillation around the mean values was observed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

[Reported occupation-related complaints on Fyn. A review of notifications of the authority on occupational protection, Kreds Fyn's County 1 January 1988-31 March 1989].

In order to describe the pattern of notification of occupationally conditioned complaints including, the particular, variations in the frequencies of notifications between the general practitioners, the notifications to the Insurance Authorities in the Country af Funen during the period from January 1988-March 1989 were reviewed. A Total af 2.114 notifications were included. 53% of the notifications originated from general practice and were concerned mainly with complaints from the locomotor system. Specialists were responsible for 17% of the notifications which were primarily skin conditions. Hospital departments were responsible for 15%, primarily damage to hearing, and the clinic for Occupational Medicine was responsible for 14% of the notifications. The notifications were very unevenly distributed: Just under one fifth of the general practitioners were responsible for half of the notifications from general practice whereas one sixth of the practitioners did not make a single notification during the 15 month period. 56% of the patients desired to apply for compensation for occupational injury. These were, in particular, elderly, male patients with damaged hearing, toxic encephalopathy and neoplasms. 14% of the patients desired to remain anonymous. The frequency of notification from general practice decreased significantly during the period of registration. Where the entire material was concerned, a decrease was also concerned during the period but this was not significance at the 5% level. The decrease in the country as a whole also continued after the period of registration.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Guidelines on the audiologist's role in occupational and environmental hearing conservation. Ad Hoc Committee on Occupational and Environmental Hearing Conservation.

This position statement is a policy of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). The document was developed by the Ad Hoc Committee on Occupational and Environmental Hearing Conservation and adopted by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Legislative Council in December 1995. Members of the Ad Hoc Committee on Occupational and Environmental Hearing Conservation include Derek Dunn, Rena H. Glaser, Theresa Schulz (chair), Andrew Stewart, Maureen E. Thompson (ex officio), and Vickie Tuten. Lawrence Higdon, ASHA vice president for professional practices in audiology, served as monitoring vice president. This position statement supersedes the 1985 position statement, "The Audiologist's Role in Occupational Hearing Conservation" (LC7-84).

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association↗