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Results for “Obsessive Behavior”

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PubMed1995

Whole blood serotonin and disruptive behaviors in juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted with children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to assess the relationship of whole blood serotonin (5-HT) content to a concurrent diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and to severity ratings of aggressive behavior. METHOD: Eighteen children and adolescents who met DSM-III-R criteria for OCD were evaluated with a structured interview, clinician rating scales, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Blood 5-HT concentration was assayed with a fluorometric procedure. Relationships among categorical diagnoses, dimensional ratings, and blood 5-HT content were analyzed with bivariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: OCD subjects with a DBD (n = 6) had significantly higher scores than those without a DBD (n = 12) on the Total Problem scale, the Externalizing Problem scale, and several of the behavioral syndrome scales of the CBCL. Blood 5-HT concentrations were significantly lower in those with a DBD than in those without a DBD, and blood 5-HT concentrations had significant negative correlations with the Total score, the Externalizing score, and the Aggressive Behavior score of the CBCL. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide further evidence of a significant relationship between aggressive behavior and serotonergic functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Obsessions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: Obsession and compulsions in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients are often confused with the preoccupations and rituals that are characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We examined the type and frequency of characteristic OCD obsessions and compulsions in a large sample of AN patients. METHOD: In personal interviews with 324 AN patients, we assessed lifetime histories of eating disorder symptomatology and obsessive-compulsive behaviors with valid semistructured interviews. Checklist category sums on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale were compared between AN and OCD subjects using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Lifetime obsessions and compulsions occurred in 68% of the AN restricting type and in 79.1% of the AN binge/purge type. The AN subgroups did not differ from OCD controls in frequency of obsessions in the symmetry and somatic categories or in the compulsion categories of ordering and hoarding. In all other categories, the AN subgroups had a significantly lower frequency compared with the OCD controls. DISCUSSION: Some common phenotype characteristics shared by most AN and OCD patients suggest these disorders may share common brain behavioral pathways. However, the lack of complete overlap indicates they most likely have different loci of pathology within those pathways.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[A neuropsychological study on a patient with the resection of the right lateral frontal lobe].

We report a patient who underwent a resection of the right lateral frontal lobe after a venous thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. The patient showed inertia, obsessive-compulsive behavior and disinhibition two weeks after the operation and hyperlogia and hypergraphia four weeks later, all of which disappeared within six weeks. General intelligence, language and memory were consistently preserved, though the scores of the performance IQ and the visual memory were relatively decreased. A few months after the operation emotional and personality change such as impatience and apathy became evident. We suggest that the right lateral prefrontal area is concerned with personality and behavior and that the widespread resection holds general intelligence, language and memory within normal range but relatively decreases non-verbal cognitive function that requires manual responses.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home-based behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case series with data.

The effectiveness of "home-based" exposure and response prevention was assessed in a series of 11 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients received 24 treatment sessions in a range of natural settings and situations. Sixty-four percent of the patients responded to behavior therapy in these settings, and 36% achieved lasting improvements in their OCD symptoms. Implications for the impact on consumers of this seldom-used application of behavior therapy are discussed and some recommendations for future research are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Successful treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Behavioral therapy and drugs have significantly improved obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. A variety of behavioral therapy methods have been employed, but exposure and prevention of response, particularly, have reduced ritualistic actions of many OCD patients. Many psychoactive drugs have been tried; the tricyclic antidepressant drugs (clomipramine or Anafranel), especially in research outside the United States, have alleviated OCD symptoms as well as depression. Compulsive rituals have responded more often than obsessive actions to both behavioral and psychopharmacological therapy. Recent research has suggested that psychophysiological as well as traditional psychogenic factors may contribute to the etiology, course, and alleviation of OCD.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1982

Recent advances in the behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsives.

The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in the treatment of obsessive-compulsives, with the introduction of response prevention and deliberate exposure to feared situations in vivo and in imagination. In a series of studies, the effects of the single components of this program were investigated. The results suggest that the optimal treatment includes a combination of all three procedures. It appears that in vivo exposure mainly affects anxiety/discomfort associated with cues for ritualizing; response prevention affects primarily compulsive behavior; and imaginal exposure assists in maintenance of treatment gains, perhaps through its impact on fears of future catastrophes associated with obsessions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Videoconferencing-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent, chronic and disabling anxiety disorder. Despite the efficacy and strength of pharmacologic interventions for OCD, medications are not always well accepted or effective, making an efficacious psychosocial alternative especially attractive. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as an effective treatment for adult OCD, yet access to such treatment is limited, especially in rural areas. Technological advances allow for therapy to be provided in a real-time format over a videoconferencing network. This method allows therapists to provide state-of-the-art treatment to patients who would not otherwise have access to it. This paper presents three cases of OCD successfully treated via videoconferencing CBT. The presence of OCD was established via structured clinical interview and clinician-rated outcome measures were completed by evaluators blinded to the method of treatment. A multiple baseline across individuals design was used to support the internal validity of the CBT outcome data. Patient ratings of therapeutic alliance were high across all three cases. Information gathered from qualitative interviews post-treatment confirmed quantitative measures finding high levels of patient satisfaction. This pilot study suggests that videoconferencing-based CBT is a promising method to bring appropriate treatment to thousands who live far distances from well-trained therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anorexia nervosa in a young man with Tourette's syndrome.

Successful treatment of Tourette's syndrome in a young man seemed to precipitate anorexia nervosa. The obsessional behaviors associated with Tourette's syndrome and the social isolation incurred by his illness may have predisposed this patient to the development of anorexia nervosa in response to the heightened anxiety of adolescence. The association between obsessive-compulsive behavior and Tourette's syndrome is described, as is the diagnostic difficulty posed by the somatic obsessiveness of males with anorexia nervosa. The importance of using the biopsychosocial model to integrate pharmacologic therapy and psychotherapy in treating complicated conditions, as illustrated by the patient, is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Psychopharmacology in fragile X syndrome--present and future.

In addition to cognitive disability, fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with behavioral problems that are often functionally limiting. There are few controlled trials to guide treatment; however, available information does suggest that medications can be quite helpful for a number of categories of behavioral disturbance in FXS. Specifically, stimulants appear to be quite useful for management of distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior; antidepressants help with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors and mood dysregulation; and antipsychotics can reduce aggression. These medications are supportive and help minimize dysfunctional behaviors and maximize functioning. As more is learned about the neural functions of FMRP, medications in the future will be expected to target specific synaptic mechanisms dysregulated in FXS brain and thus ameliorate the cognitive deficit with resultant behavioral improvements. This article summarizes knowledge about effectiveness and approaches to management of currently available psychopharmacology for behavior in FXS and discusses early leads to future treatments for cognition.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1989

Invited case transcript. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a behavioral case formulation.

The interviewing skills of many behavior therapists are inadequate and several possible reasons are discussed. The present manuscript focuses on construction of initial clinical hypotheses. A strategy for developing and testing initial hypotheses is presented and illustrated by transcripts from a complex case. The transcript is taken from the initial interviews with a 26 year old woman presenting the problems of emotional distress related to thoughts of harming others, and anxiety concerning her difficulty in controlling physical aggression. A behavioral analysis of the origins and maintaining factors indicated that while the patient's compulsions were a vehicle to manage anxiety, the wellspring of her attempts to exert control over her thoughts was a fear of anger, loss of control, negative evaluation, criticism, and rejection. Distal and proximal predisposing events were examined in order to help explain the development of this maladaptive behavioral pattern, and to plan therapeutic strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Tarantism, dancing mania and demonopathy: the anthro-political aspects of 'mass psychogenic illness'.

This study questions the widely held assumption that the phenomenon known as mass psychogenic illness (MPI) exists per se in nature as a psychiatric disorder. Most MPI studies are problematical, being descriptive, retrospective investigations of specific incidents which conform to a set of pre-existing symptom criteria that are used to determine the presence of collective psychosomatic illness. Diagnoses are based upon subjective, ambiguous categories that reflect stereotypes of female normality which assume the presence of a transcultural disease or disorder entity, underemphasizing or ignoring the significance of episodes as culturally conditioned roles of social action. Examples of this bias include the mislabelling of dancing manias, tarantism and demonopathy in Europe since the Middle Ages as culture-specific variants of MPI. While 'victims' are typified as mentally disturbed females possessing abnormal personality characteristics who are exhibiting cathartic reactions to stress, it is argued that episodes may involve normal, rational people who possess unfamiliar conduct codes, world-views and political agendas that differ significantly from those of Western-trained investigators who often judge these illness behaviours independent of their local context and meanings.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The year of obesity.

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Diet Fads↗