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Results for “NEMATODE INFECTIONS”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gastro-intestinal nematode infections in four Alpine chamois herds: influence of host density on helminth egg output.

A three years survey on gastro-intestinal nematode egg output was carried out in four Alpine chamois herds (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra) from Belluno province (Italy). Data were analysed in order to detect the influence of cattle presence and chamois density on egg output, and to evaluate the stability of host-parasite relationship. As expected, variations related to the season were present, with the major peak of egg output observed in the summer. Results highlighted an unexpected inverse influence of host density on egg counts. The results are in relation to host-parasite relationship stability. Parasites seem to be able to self-regulate in the absence of parasite-induced host mortality. No effect due to cattle presence was detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intestinal nematode infections.

This article discusses strongyloidiasis, hookworm infection, trichostrongyliasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis (whipworm infection), and enterobiasis (pinworm infection). For each infection, the author describes the organism, the epidemiology and geographic distribution, symptomatology and pathogenesis, and diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical observation on efficacy of ivermectin in the treatment of intestinal nematode infections].

A total of 166 cases were divided into 3 groups: group A comprised 55, group B 54 and group C 57 cases. Group A received ivermectin 0.1 mg/kg orally at a single dose, the cure rates were 100%, 3.8% and 50% for ascaris, hookworm and trichuris, infections respectively: group B received ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg orally at a single dose, the corresponding cure rates were 95.5%, 11.8% and 76.5% respectively; group C received pyrantel pamoate 10 mg/kg orally at a single dose, the corresponding cure rates were 95.5%, 29.6% and 31.6% respectively. Although the cure rates were very low for hookworm infection in both group A and B, however, a number of adult worms of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus were expelled aster medication; It indicates that ivermectin has some effects on these two species of human hookworm. Side effects were mild and transient in all groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The impact of daily Duddingtonia flagrans application to lactating ewes on gastrointestinal nematodes infections in their lambs in the Netherlands.

Two experiments were performed in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the effect of biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep through the daily feeding of 500,000 chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans/kg bodyweight to lactating ewes during the first 9 weeks with their young lambs on pasture. In both experiments four groups of eight ewes and their April-borne lambs were used. They were turned out on four separate plots (plots A) at the beginning of May, moved to similar separate plots after 3 (plots B) and 6 weeks (plots C), respectively, and weaning occurred after 9 weeks. In both experiments, two groups were fed spores daily while the two other groups served as controls. The effect of D. flagrans application was evaluated through faecal egg counts of ewes and lambs, the yield of faecal cultures in ewes, pasture larval counts and worm counts of lambs and tracer lambs. The results demonstrated no effect of D. flagrans application during the first 5 (2002) or 4 (2003) weeks. Subsequently, fungus application strongly reduced the yield in faecal cultures of the ewes. This was, however, not reflected in the pasture larval counts, but lower worm burdens were observed in tracer lambs of 'treated' plots C in 2002 than on those of 'control' plots. In 2003 worm burdens in 'treated' lambs returned to plots B were lower than those of 'control' lambs and a tendency for the same was observed for plots C. However, in all groups, lambs and tracer lambs developed severe haemonchosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Modulations in gene expression and mapping of genes associated with cyst nematode infection of soybean.

Infection of the soybean root by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) induces a well-documented, yet poorly understood, response by the host plant. The plant response, involving the differentiation of a feeding structure, or "syncytium," facilitates the feeding and reproduction of the nematode to the detriment of the host. We used a genetic system involving a single dominant soybean gene conferring susceptibility to an inbred nematode strain, VL1, to characterize the nematode-host interaction in susceptible line PI 89008. The restriction fragment length polymorphism marker pB053, shown to map to a major SCN resistance locus, cosegregates with resistance among F2 progeny from the PI 89008 x PI 88287 cross. Cytological examination of the infection process confirmed that syncytium development in this genetic system is similar to that reported by others who used noninbred nematode lines. Our study of infected root tissue in the susceptible line PI 89008 revealed a number of genes enhanced in expression. Among these are catalase, cyclin, elongation factor 1alpha, beta-1,3-endoglucanase, hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, heat shock protein 70, late embryonic abundant protein 14, and formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase, all of which we have genetically positioned on the public linkage map of soybean. Formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase was found to be tightly linked with a major quantitative trait locus for SCN resistance. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by others that feeding site development involves the dramatic modulation of gene expression relative to surrounding root cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparative effects of nematode infection on Bos taurus and Bos indicus crossbred calves grazing on Argentina's Western Pampas.

Breed differences in resistance or tolerance to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes were compared between Aberdeen Angus (AA) and Santa Gertrudis (SG) weaned steer calves grazing in a temperate environment. Within breeds, one half of the calves was untreated: AAU (n = 17) and SGU (n = 18) while the other half was treated with moxidectin monthly: AAT (n = 14) and SGT (n = 14). All calves were grazed on the same contaminated pasture from autumn to winter, when each group was separated to uninfected paddocks for the remaining period of the study. Faecal egg counts, plasma pepsinogen levels (PPL), herbage larval counts and liveweight (LW) were recorded monthly. Egg counts and PPL of AAU and SGU increased from autumn to early winter when calves showed heavy parasitism (mainly Trichostrongylus axei) and severely sick calves needed emergency treatment. On the clean paddocks, parasitological parameters progressively decreased. Late winter egg counts were higher (P < 0.05) in SGU than in AAU. PPL of SGU were higher than AAU ones, but no significant differences were detected. Larval differential counts of SGU showed fewer Cooperia (P < 0.08) and higher T. axei (P < 0.002) proportions than those of AAU. Numbers of severely sick and dead SGU calves (61%) were greater (P < 0.01) than those numbers of AAU calves (17.5%). Cumulative LW gains differences within SG breed were higher (P < 0.0001) than those differences within AA breed (P < 0.003). LW gains of AAU during autumn-winter period were greater (P < 0.002) than those of SGU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Improving resilience against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections in browsing kids during the dry season in tropical Mexico.

The objective was to determine the effect of supplementary feeding on the resilience and resistance of Criollo kids against natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections, when browsing native vegetation during the dry season in tropical Mexico. Thirty-three two-month-old Criollo kids, raised nematode free, were included at weaning in a 20-week trial. The kids were placed into four groups. Two groups of eight kids were offered 100g/day soybean and sorghum meal (26%:74% respectively fresh basis) (treated/supplemented (T-S) and infected/supplemented (I-S)). Two groups remained with no supplement for the duration of the trial (infected/non-supplemented (I-NS) (n=9) and treated/non-supplemented (T-NS) (n=8)). Kids in groups T-S and T-NS were drenched with 0.2mg of moxidectin/kg body weight orally (Cydectin, Fort Dodge) every 28 days. Groups I-S and I-NS were naturally infected with GIN. The animals browsed native vegetation for an average of 7h/day together with a herd of 120 naturally infected adult goats. Cumulative live weight gain (CLWG), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total plasma protein and plasma albumin were recorded every 14 days as measurements of resilience. Resistance parameters (faecal egg counts (FEC) and peripheral eosinophil counts (PEC)) were also measured. Bulk faecal cultures were made for each group every 28 days. Every month a new pair of initially worm-free tracer kids assessed the infectivity of the vegetation browsed by the animals. Tracer kids and faecal cultures showed that kids faced low mixed infections (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum columbianum). Under conditions of scarce vegetation, such as those in the present study, supplemented groups (I-S and T-S) had higher growth rates compared to the non-supplemented groups independently of the control of GIN infection with anthelmintic (AH) treatment (P<0.001). Supplementary feeding did not affect FEC or PEC. In the absence of supplementation, lack of AH treatment may lead to outbreaks of clinical nematodosis. The supplementary feeding was economically feasible.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗