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PubMed2000

The sleep tutorial.

A multimedia Sleep tutorial for General Practitioners was implemented from scratch. The implementation had into account the following features: 1) Specific needs of GPs evaluated in 3 different countries, related with Tutorial contents and technical features; 2) Multinational authorship from European experts; 3) Multilingual possibilities; 4) User friendliness and easy navigation. The tutorial was implemented and tested and its gama version is now available for commercialization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 25(HSCL-25) Urdu translation: an instrument for detecting anxiety and depression in torture and trauma victims.

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: The two major psychiatric illnesses associated with trauma and torture are major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Obtaining accurate knowledge of traumatic event and symptoms and properly classifying them into a diagnostic system is fundamental for providing effective treatment and good therapeutic intervention. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) measures symptoms associated with diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder as defined by DSMIII R manual and symptoms. Therefore an attempt is made to translate the HTQ, the only cross-culturally validated screening instrument for the assessment of trauma and torture related to mass violence and their sequelae. METHODOLOGY: The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was translated into Urdu by a team of psychiatrists and linguistic experts proficient in national languages belonging to different ethnic backgrounds. Each member translated HTQ independently and subsequently a work shop was arranged to develop the standard translation and finally it was approved. Subsequently back translation of the approved questionnaire was carried out by independent multilingual psychiatrist to test the accuracy of the approved translation and was formally accepted.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMed2000

Monolingual monologue: regional issues of professional communication from Pacific Health Dialog.

The Pacific Health Dialog (PHD) is a Journal of Community Health and Clinical Medicine with a Pacific. focus. A analysis of all nine PHD issues from 1994 to 1998 was made for origin of author and content. Tally sheets were used to compile data from which the tables were constructed. The results showed that of the 15,000 journals printed 70% were distributed to Pacificans. There were 287 items published by 489 authors of which 37% were Pacificans who were also the first or only author in 37% (excluding the authors of book reviews, editorials reprints, letters and abstracts). The contents of PHD have all been written in English even though the policy allows for any major Pacific language. Therefore a monolingual journal has emerged in spite of a multilingual policy. There has been minimal dialogue or discussion in PHD and not much of the content has been challenged, so the papers have become monologues by the authors. Thus we have a monolingual monologue. PHD is donor dependent with a hand to mouth existence. Funding covers only part of the expenditure and the balance comes from a 'labour of love' from many people. Despite this, PHD continues to grow. The development of PHD has demonstrated that a participatory media can increase the Pacificans role in health information dissemination throughout the Pacific. Many of the Pacific authors (73.5%) have never published previously. Since 1994 PHD has come a long way and contributed much to pacific based research. It addresses a wide variety of topics and problems and not just the need for medical information. PHD has become the prototype for regional health communication in terms of participation, ownership, development, maintenance and its use of 'labour of love' resources.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2001

Limited English proficiency workers. Health and safety education.

1. As the population of adults with limited English proficiency plays an increasingly important role in the United States workplaces, there has been a growing recognition that literacy and limited English skills affect health and safety training programs. 2. Several important principles can be used as the underlying framework to guide teaching workers with limited English proficiency: clear and vivid way of teaching; contextual curriculum based on work; using various teaching methods; and staff development. 3. Two feasible strategies were proposed to improve current situation in teaching health and safety to workers with limited English proficiency in one company: integrating safety and health education with ongoing in-house ESL instruction and developing a multilingual video program. 4. Successful development and implementation of proposed programs requires upper management support, workers' awareness and active participation, collaborative teamwork, a well structured action plan, testing of pilot program, and evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

EuCliD (European Clinical Database): a database comparing different realities.

Quality and variability of dialysis practice are generally gaining more and more importance. Fresenius Medical Care (FMC), as provider of dialysis, has the duty to continuously monitor and guarantee the quality of care delivered to patients treated in its European dialysis units. Accordingly, a new clinical database called EuCliD has been developed. It is a multilingual and fully codified database, using as far as possible international standard coding tables. EuCliD collects and handles sensitive medical patient data, fully assuring confidentiality. The Infrastructure: a Domino server is installed in each country connected to EuCliD. All the centres belonging to a country are connected via modem to the country server. All the Domino Servers are connected via Wide Area Network to the Head Quarter Server in Bad Homburg (Germany). Inside each country server only anonymous data related to that particular country are available. The only place where all the anonymous data are available is the Head Quarter Server. The data collection is strongly supported in each country by "key-persons" with solid relationships to their respective national dialysis units. The quality of the data in EuCliD is ensured at different levels. At the end of January 2001, more than 11,000 patients treated in 135 centres located in 7 countries are already included in the system. FMC has put the patient care at the centre of its activities for many years and now is able to provide transparency to the community (Authorities, Nephrologists, Patients.....) thus demonstrating the quality of the service.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2001

Differential psychotic symptomatology in polyglot patients: Case reports and their implications.

Polyglot psychotic patients can present with either different or less psychotic symptoms depending on the language they use. No known study has used a structured interview to assess such differences. A language history was taken on three patients who were then assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale structured interview (SCI-PANSS) for schizophrenia in their two languages. All three patients were found to have different positive symptoms depending on the language used in the interview procedure by the same bilingual researcher. These findings could have important implications in terms of our assessment and treatment of psychotic patients in the NHS. They demonstrate the need to carry out a large study in order to determine how common these findings are in multilingual patients.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Travel, sexual behaviour, and the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.

This study investigates sexual behaviour and the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases among travellers departing from Hong Kong, with an aim supporting the design of local intervention in continuing health promotion. Travellers were interviewed by five trained multilingual interviewers in the departure lounge at Kai Tak International Airport, Hong Kong, between May and June 1996, by using a structured, pretested questionnaire. Forty-four percent (168/383) of the respondents who travelled at least once within the previous year had had sex with strangers during their travel and 37% (139/376) of the respondents reportedly do not use condoms during sexual intercourse. Middle-aged and married travellers were more likely to be in the high-risk group. These findings reflect the urgent need to target travellers in any strategy that is designed to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in Hong Kong and Asia Pacific region.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vaccinating Asian Pacific Islander children against hepatitis B: ethnic-specific influences and barriers.

PURPOSE: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known cause of liver cancer, especially among Asian and Pacific Islanders (API). Despite national recommendations and school entry requirements for vaccination, many children are not fully vaccinated with the Hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B) before entering school. The purpose of this study was to measure ethnic group-specific hepatitis B vaccination rates among school-aged API children after implementation of universal recommendations and school laws, and quantify ethnic-specific risk factors associated with late and incomplete vaccinations. METHODS: A multilingual questionnaire was distributed to parents of second and fourth graders in nine Los Angeles County (LAC) elementary schools with high proportions of API students. Data on Hepatitis B vaccination dates, source of health care and health information, cultural factors, and general knowledge and attitudes about HBV and vaccination were collected and analyzed. FINDINGS: Overall, 1,696 (77%) of 2,183 questionnaires were returned. Of these, 1,024 were from API children. The API second graders in this survey had a 72% coverage rate, ranging from 46% to 94% among the individual ethnic groups. Fifty-one percent of API fourth graders had three doses of Hep B vaccine, ranging from 38% to 69% among the individual ethnic groups. Factors influencing coverage levels among API fourth graders were speaking limited English at home, living in the United States less than five years, and not having discussed hepatitis B vaccination with a health care provider. Factors influencing low immunization levels differed among the API ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis and intervention on a non-aggregate level are necessary for designing both effective and cultural-specific outreach programs for diverse API communities such as LAC's.

Asian↗

PubMed2002

Optimize patient health by treating literacy and language barriers.

More than 90 million Americans have limited literacy skills. Almost two million US residents cannot speak English, and millions more speak it poorly. The stigma of illiteracy or the inability to speak a country's predominant language keep patients from disclosing their limitations. Recognizing these facts is an important first step in improving health education for this vulnerable population. By adapting teaching techniques to patients' special needs, nurses can ensure that patients understand their health problems and plan of care. Statistics dramatically demonstrate the high cost of neglecting these needs. Patients who do not understand their plan of care do not comply with instructions and, therefore, suffer unnecessary complications. Health care providers who can communicate with their patients through multilingual, low literacy patient education materials and with the use of qualified interpreters markedly improve the quality of care for their patients and the resulting outcomes.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2002

[Treatment adherence amongst HIV-infected patients in Rotterdam: poorer prognosis independent of nationality in heterosexual infected patients, intravenous drug users, Negroid and Latin-American patients].

OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dutch and non-Dutch HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Consecutive HIV-infected patients taking ART and visiting the internal medicine outpatients' clinic at the Rotterdam Dijkzigt University Hospital between 1 February until 30 April 2001 were interviewed by a multilingual interviewer using a standard questionnaire. Classification of adherence was based on the interview data. Multivariate analysis was used to determine independent predictors of adherence. Nationality was defined as 'Dutch' if the person was born in the Netherlands, and otherwise as 'non-Dutch'. RESULTS: The 203 patients included in this study comprised 131 men and 69 women with an average age of 42 years. There were no data available on treatment adherence for 3 of the patients. Of the 81 Dutch patients, 60 (74%) adhered to the treatment compared with 68 (57%) of the 119 non-Dutch patients. However, after correction for sex, risk group, race and duration of treatment, there was no difference in treatment adherence between these two groups (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.2-1.9). Failure to adhere to treatment was seen most frequently in the 109 heterosexually infected patients (OR: 2.6; 0.98-6.7), the 22 intravenous drug users (OR: 3.3; 1.04-10.1), as well as in the group of Negroid patients (OR: 3.5; 1.1-11.3) and Latin-American patients (OR: 8.5; 1.7-42.7).

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Some etiologic factors of speech comprehension disturbances.

Disturbances of speech comprehension were analyzed in a prospective study of 97 children, aged from 23 to 77 months. Pregnancy, birth and early psychomotor development were normal for all the children and no focus of neurological deficit was found. A tonal audiometer did not detect any auditory disturbances, and psychological testing with non-verbal tests showed normal mental functioning for the age. In this group of selected subjects, family and personal case histories were taken. In addition, a detailed neurological physical examination, standard EEG and auditory evoked potentials, and a psychiatric examination were performed during several appointments. The results showed that disturbances in speech comprehension were more frequent in boys, and that in 13.4% of cases it was caused by pervasive developmental disturbances and in 41.24% of cases by external stimulating factors of speech development (pedagogy, social and emotional stimulation and growing up in a multilingual community). The study emphasizes the importance of non-verbal methods for the study of speech and the use of auditory evoked potentials.

Child↗

PubMed2002

[A document by the late Prof. Saburo Matubara, a medico-historical material written in Yiddish].

The late Prof. Saburo Matubara was professor of psychiatry at Kanazawa Medical Academy and later at Kanazawa Medical College (now Kanazawa University Medical School). Among the articles he left, the authors found a document written in Yiddish, which turned out to be a publicity material on prevention and cure of tuberculosis issued in 1907 by the Department of Health, City of New York for Jewish emigrants. As the authors believe this is the first medico-historical material written in Yiddish and found in Japan, its content and its medical, linguistic and historical backgrounds are reviewed. The document suggests the importance of linguistic study on medico-historical materials in multicultural and multilingual society.

Emigration and Immigration↗

PubMed2003

Does your ED supply interpreter services?

To comply with federal guidelines, your ED must provide language assistance to non-English-speaking patients. Don't use family members as interpreters. Use a closed-circuit TV with a live interpreter or use the services of a telephone translation service. Offer incentives for multilingual staff, and provide tuition reimbursement for language classes.

Communication Barriers↗

PubMed2003

In search of global leaders.

For all the talk about global organizations and executives, there's no definitive answer to the question of what we really mean by "global." A presence in multiple countries? Cultural adaptability? A multilingual top team? We asked four CEOs and the head of an international recruiting agency--HSBC's Stephen Green, Schering-Plough's Fred Hassan, GE's Jeffrey-lmmelt, Flextronics's Michael Marks, and Egon Zehnder's Daniel Meiland--to tell us what they think. They share some common ground. They all agree, for example, that the shift from a local to a global marketplace is irreversible and gaining momentum. "We're losing sight of the reality of globalization. But we should pay attention, because national barriers are quickly coming down", Daniel Meiland says. "If you look ahead five or ten years, the people with the top jobs in large corporations ... will be those who have lived in several cultures and who can converse in at least two languages." But the CEOs also disagree on many issues--on the importance of overseas assignments, for instance, and on the degree to which you need to adhere to local cultural norms. Some believe strongly that the global leader should, as a prerequisite to the job, live and work in other countries. As Stephen Green put it, "If you look at the executives currently running [HSBC's] largest businesses, all of them have worked in more than one, and nearly all in more than two, major country markets." Others downplay the importance of overseas assignments. "Putting people in foreign settings doesn't automatically imbue new attitudes, and it is attitudes rather than experiences that make a culture global," says Fred Hassan. The executives' essays capture views that are as diverse and multidimensional as the companies they lead.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1992

Bilingualism: theoretical perspectives of language diversity.

Bilingualism and second language acquisition are discussed with reference to different theoretical perspectives. An integrated definition of bilingualism is provided and concepts underlying second language acquisition are presented. Theoretical perspectives according to Dodson (1985), Skinner (1985) and Krashen (1982) are explored. It is concluded that due to the diverse nature of bilingualism, a single universal theory of second language acquisition does not seem feasible. The need for an increased awareness of the complexity of bilingualism and second language acquisition, particularly within the multicultural and multilingual South African context, is highlighted.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Concurrent validity of the MAE visual naming test.

Deficient confrontation naming has been observed in a number of neurological illnesses, as well as in aphasia and normal aging. The Visual Naming Test (VNT) of the Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE) is a standardized measure of confrontation naming. One hundred patients, consecutively referred for neuropsychological evaluation, were administered the VNT, Boston Naming Test (BNT), and WAIS-R. Concurrent validity of the two confrontation naming measures was demonstrated by their high intertest agreement. Performance on the VNT was found to be related to a unique ability separate from general intellectual functioning. Suggestions regarding the clinical use of the VNT are discussed.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

The reliability of cluster and switch scores for the Controlled Oral Word Association Test.

This study examined the interrater reliability and temporal stability of a scoring system developed by Troyer, Moscovich, and Winocur [Neuropsychologia 11 (1997) 138] to measure clustering and switching on verbal fluency (VF) tasks such as the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) [Benton, A.L., Hamsher, K., & Sivan, A.B. (1983). Multilingual aphasia examination (3rd ed.). Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates]. Seven independent raters scored COWAT protocols of 125 healthy participants in accordance with the rules proposed by Troyer et al. Intraclass coefficients were near perfect, ranging from.96 for total number of clusters to.99 for total number of switches. Test-retest reliability coefficients (n=55) were poor to modest (r=.47 for clusters, r=.58 for switches, and r=.70 for total words). Significant improvement in performance was observed across most COWAT indices, suggesting a practice effect. Modifications to test administration are suggested to improve the stability of cluster and switch scores, as well as other variables for further study.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Internationalization of healthcare applications: a generic approach for PACS workstations.

OBJECTIVES: Along with the revolution of information technology and the increasing use of computers world-wide, software providers recognize the emerging need for internationalized, or global, software applications. The importance of internationalization comes from its benefits such as addressing a broader audience, making the software applications more accessible, easier to use, more flexible to support and providing users with more consistent information. In addition, some governmental agencies, e.g., in Spain, accept only fully localized software. Although the healthcare communication standards, namely, Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) and Health Level Seven (HL7) support wide areas of internationalization, most of the implementers are still protective about supporting the complex languages. This paper describes a generic internationalization approach for Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) workstations. METHODS: The Unicode standard is used to internationalize the application user interface. An encoding converter was developed to encode and decode the data between the rendering module (in Unicode encoding) and the DICOM data (in ISO 8859 encoding). An integration gateway was required to integrate the internationalized PACS components with the different PACS installations. To introduce a pragmatic example, the described approach was applied to the CHILI PACS workstation. RESULTS: The approach has enabled the application to handle the different internationalization aspects transparently, such as supporting complex languages, switching between different languages at runtime, and supporting multilingual clinical reports. CONCLUSIONS: In the healthcare enterprises, internationalized applications play an essential role in supporting a seamless flow of information between the heterogeneous multivendor information systems.

Germany↗