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PubMedDate not supplied

[Properties of influenza virus strains causing the influenza epidemic in Moscow in 1972-3].

The antigenic and some biological properties of influenza virus strains isolated during 1972-1973 epidemic were studied. Altogether 114 strains were isolated from sick infants of the first months of life beginning from neonatality. The strains under study were found to have high adaptation and elution activity, to be highly sensitive to inhibitors and to produce polymorphous allantoic population in the adaptation period. The hemagglutinating and neuraminidase components were shown to be fairly closely related to those of the membrane of the reference A2/Hong Kong/1/68 strain (H3N2). At the same time, a low neutralizing activity of the antisera for this strain against Moscow strains of 1972-1973 in biological neutralization tests in chick embryos was observed, explaining very high susceptibility of the population to influenza type A infection in the winter of 1972-1973. The strains under study were antigenically homogenous and most closely related to the reference A2/England/42/72 (H3N2) strain.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microflora of patients with purulent septic diseases in the Moscow region].

The microflora of clinical material (blood, wound discharge, abdominal exudate, pleural exudate, milk in mastitis, as well as feces in dysbiosis of the large intestine), obtained from patients with purulent septic diseases in the Moscow region was studied. The study revealed the change of microflora from surface biotopes to closed cavities of the body. Gram-positive cocci, primarily coagulase-negative staphylococci, mainly epidermal, were shown to play the leading etiological role in the development of purulent septic diseases. The development of bacteriemia was found to be caused by the penetration of staphylococci from local pyoinflammatory foci (appearing in purulent mastitis, wounds, peritonitis, pleural empyema and pleuritis), as well as by the translocation of staphylococci and Escherichia coli from the large intestine in dysbiosis.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroimmunologic monitoring of microorganisms of Rickettsia and Bartonella species microorganisms in the Moscow region].

Serological study of 788 blood sera, taken from residents of the Moscow region was conducted using antigens of microorganisms of the genera Rickettsia and Bartonella. The first group under examination consisted of 355 patients with diagnosed diseases of nonreckettsial nature. The second group includes 433 healthy adults working at a meat processing and packing factory. The main method used for sera survey was the indirect immunofluorescence test. In the sera taken from the first group of subjects specific antibodies to R. prowazekii, R. typhi, B. quintana, B. henselae antigens were detected in 2.3%, 5.1%, 4.0% and 2.9% of serum samples respectively. In the serum samples taken from the second group the proportion of antibodies to R. prowazekii, R. typhi, B. quintana, B. henselae antigens was different: 0.5%, 3.3%, 1.7% and 4.0% respectively. In total, specific antibodies to R. typhi and B. henselae prevailed over specific antibodies to R. prowazekii and B. quintana twofold.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measles: prospects of vaccine prophylaxis and decrease of morbidity in Moscow].

The results of the prolonged epidemiological surveillance on measles in Moscow are presented. The detailed analysis of the influence of immunization on the level of measles morbidity has been made. Changes in the age structure of measles patients with an essential increase in the proportion of adolescents and adults due to mass vaccination of the child population are shown. High risk groups have been determined according to the data of serological screening and epidemiological surveillance. The prospects of the vaccinal prophylaxis of measles under present conditions, as the basic intervention for achieving sporadic level of morbidity in this infection and further eradication are evaluated.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Sources of energy values and contribution of various products to maintenance of chemical contents of the diet of an unorganized population of Moscow].

With use of a method of daily reproduction at representative sample of an unorganized population of inhabitants of Moscow the sources of energy value and contribution of various products to supply organism by the basic food substances (protein, fats, carbohydrates and cholesterol) are investigated. Is established that the nutrition structure is obviously debalanced. More quarters of daily diet energy is provided for consumption of animal fats and simple sugars. Is shown that the main part of fat (2/3) enters in organism as the "latent" fats of animal products, the fats "in the pure form" half consist from butters. The main source of the saturated fats and cholesterol for men are meat, and for women--the dairy products. 12% researched refuse purified sugars.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[General and oncologic morbidity in Moscow municipal transport drivers].

A case study was undertaken to examine general and cancer mortality rates and cancer morbidity among municipal transport drivers in Moscow. The mortality and cancer morbidity in 1969 to 1988 were followed up among 2528 men and 212 women. In this period, male mortality rates due to malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases and all causes taken together were statistically lower than the expected rates. Male cancer morbidity rates were also lower the expected ones. In the past decade 42 cases of gastric cancer were revealed in the cohort, which was statistically greater than the expected figures (29.8). In the first decade, prostatic cancer mortality was statistically significantly higher in bus drivers with length of service of over 20 years. Among women, there were only 12 deaths, with significantly decreased mortality rates. Esophageal cancer was detected in women who had worked as drivers for 20-29 years. The lower morbidity and mortality rates may be associated with the "healthy worker effect", i.e. with the fact that staff is strictly selected for this job.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed2001

[Polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in patients with coronary heart disease from Moscow population].

The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was studied in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy individuals randomly sampled from the Moscow population. The ACE gene proved to be associated with the plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB) content in CHD patients, but not associated with HCD development in individuals with elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides. An association was not revealed between the alleles of the ACE gene and hypertension in CHD patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of humoral immunity to rubella virus in residents of Moscow in 1998-1999].

A total of 400 blood samples were collected from residents of Moscow in 1998-1999, 369 from adults aged mainly 19-31 years and from children aged 5-12 years. The mean incidence of antirubella antibody was 76.5%; the value varied in different age groups. The highest percentage of antibody detection was observed in men aged 19-25 years (91.8%) and the lowest in pregnant women aged 18-38 years (66-67%). Estimation of antihemagglutinin titers in international Units showed that antibody titer 1:40 and higher protected from infection; such titers were detected in 73.6% examinees. In pregnant women the level of immunological defense was very low (only 56%), which necessitates urgent vaccination of adolescent girls and young women. The results of EIA were compatible with the results of indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), but EIA was much more sensitive in cases with low titers of IHAT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mitochondrial DNA typing--a new level for solving identification problems in forensic medical expert identification of unidentified remains of victims of terrorist acts in Moscow and the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic].

Two large-scale episodes described in this paper reflect the first in Russia use of molecular genetic matrilinear markers (analysis of polymorphism of sequences of amplified fragments of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable locuses) in solution of a complex identification problem: forensic medical identification of unidentified fragments of victims of explosions of houses in Moscow in September, 1999, and of soldiers dead in the war conflict in the Chechen Republic in 1994-1996. The results of this work and methodological experience gained in it essentially extend the potentialities of expert studies as regards forensic medical identification of victims of large scale disasters, terroristic acts, and war conflicts.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Circulation of respiratory viruses in Moscow and their role in acute respiratory diseases morbidity].

Statistical data obtained during prolonged investigations on the structure of infective agents isolated from patients with acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in Moscow in 1989-1999 were analyzed. The study revealed that fluctuations of ARD morbidity rates were linked with the prevailing circulation of one or another type of the virus. The absence of the dominating role of influenza viruses was confirmed. The conclusion was made on the necessity of using, in addition to influenza vaccinal prophylaxis, chemoprophylactic interventions to maintain ARD morbidity on the acceptable level.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of microscopic fungi along Moscow roads].

The distribution of microscopic fungi in soils and surface air along some Moscow roads was studied from 1994 through 2000 at several distances (0, 5, 10, and 20 m) from the roads. Soil fungal complexes in roadside zones with different levels of pollution from automobile engines were found to differ in their composition, species structure, and biomorphology. Relatively far from the roads, the content of fungal mycelium diminished, while that of fungal spores increased. Close to the roads, fungal complexes in soil and surface air were dominated by dark melanin-containing fungi. The microscopic fungal complexes of soil and surface air along the roadsides were similar but differed in the relative abundance of some species.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological peculiarities of schistosomatid cercariae of Trichobilharzia cf. ocellata group occuring in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg populations].

Morphology of schistosomatid cercariae of the genus Trichobilharzia (ocellata group) is described based on original and reference data. The material (Trichobilharzia cercariae) was collected in 1999-2000 from naturally 'infected snails Lymnaea stagnalis from Moscow and Saint-Petersburg megalopolises. The more accurate flame cell formula for these cercariae, as well as some aspects of chaetotaxy and eye morphology are given. The differences between cercariae from these regions were found. Based on a comparison of nef data with the reference data, it was found that the cercariae examined differ from those from the Central Europe.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Results of an epidemiologic study of mental patients over 60 years of age in one of the districts of Moscow].

The convened investigation was related to a clinico-epidemiological study of mental disorders in individuals older than 60 who lived in the Kiev district of Moscow. The study was made of the entire population by a nonselective method with a fulfillment of a specially elaborated epidemiological chart. On the basis of an analysis of such charts and a personal interview of 1024 elderly patients and 215 elderly individuals not registered in the neuropsychiatric dispensary it was possible to receive some data concerning the prevalence rates, diagnostical, sex and age content of mental diseases in patients over 60, living in the given district.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbial communities on the monuments of Moscow and St. Petersburg: biodiversity and trophic relations].

Stone monuments situated in the Alexander Nevsky Abbey, the Summer Garden, and the Smolenskoe Cemetery, St. Petersburg, and marble and limestone sculptures and tombstones situated in the Novodevichy Convent and the Donskoy Monastery, Moscow, were investigated for their microbial contamination. The architectural objects studied date to the 12th century. The monuments in the Alexander Nevsky Abbey were found to be severely contaminated with micromycetes belonging to 24 genera (primarily of the class Deuteromycetes). The analysis of the samples taken from the monuments of the Donskoy Monastery by the serial dilution technique showed that they were contaminated with bacteria at a density of (1-1.7) x 10(5) cells/g. This value, however, turned out to be 1 to 2 orders greater when the bacterial population was evaluated by the luciferin-luciferase method. We succeeded in identifying 12 bacterial genera; however, this number may be increased in the course of further studies. Some preventive measures to control the biodeterioration of stone heritage are discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

[Results of a continuous study of a population of schizophrenic patients more than 60-years-old, registered at Moscow Psychoneurologic Dispensary No. 2].

The authors conducted an overall study of schizophrenic patients, older than 60 years of age and registered in one of the Moscow dispensaries. It was demonstrated that the elderly amount to 17% of the whole schizophrenic population in the given dispensary. The percentage of late schizophrenia (16.7%) is relatively high, although the percentage of them in a hospital population is even higher (27-35%). The sex ratio demonstrated a larger amount of women (1 : 3). 90% of all the studied patients at the moment of examination were at home, while 33% were never admitted to hospitals. Among the studied contingent there was a high percentage of patients with a regressive development of the process and a stabilization with a tendency towards its obliviation. The study contains some data necessary for further investigations concerning the adaptational possibilities and physical state of these patients. The obtained information require correlations with data on the general population of this region in the same age periods.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Utilization of complex technologies of molecular genetics for forensic expert identification of unidentified remains of victims of terrorist acts in Moscow in 1999].

This paper presents the first experience gained in Russia in expert identification practice with complex utilization of technologies of molecular genetic individualization of biological objects for solving identification tasks requiring the maximum complete armory of mutually supplementing means. This is particularly important for forensic expert personality identification in cases with many deaths, when indirect identification has to be resorted to, consisting in the use of biological samples from relatives of the victims as the identifying objects. Methodological approaches and concepts of expert studies, used for identification of the remains of people who died in terroristic acts committed in Moscow in September, 1999, are discussed. The results of this study and methodological experience notably extend the potentialities of expert evaluation as regards forensic medical identification of victims of overall disasters, terroristic acts, and war conflicts.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2002

[Results of the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to the Berlin-Moscow-91 protocol in 1991-2000].

The report deals with the results of application of an original protocol--the Berlin-Moscow-91 (BM-91)--for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. The researchers' major concern was to improve survival and cut down side-effects incidence as well as to prevent and successfully manage occult neuroleukemia as a potential source of relapse. Patients aged 5 months-15 years received the BM-91 and ALL BFM-90m treatment first at one clinic and later at several centers. Out of 852 children with primary diagnosis of ALL admitted to Russian hematological hospitals (March 2, 1991-November 3, 2000), 687 were included into the study; 329 received the MB-91 protocol. Nine-year recurrence-free survival was 73% while overall survival--80%. Toxic side-effects after L-asparaginase were reported in 27 (7.9%). It is concluded that good results in childhood ALL treatment can be achieved without resorting to high-dosage chemotherapy and radiation in most cases.

Adolescent↗