Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Microstomia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Implant-supported, long-span fixed partial denture for a scleroderma patient: a clinical report.

Scleroderma poses many difficulties and challenges for the treating dentist. Until now, dental implant treatment for patients with scleroderma was limited to either complete overdentures or short-span fixed partial dentures. This clinical report describes the use of modified techniques to fabricate a long-span fixed prosthesis delivered after serial extractions and implant placement.

Dental Care for Chronically Ill↗
PubMed1998

Controlled multiplanar distraction of the mandible: device development and clinical application.

Distraction osteogenesis has been shown to be an effective method of lengthening and augmenting endochondral bone. It has also been applied effectively in the reconstruction of the membranous bones of the craniofacial skeleton. With the accumulation of clinical experience in mandibular distraction, the differences between endochondral and membranous bone distraction have become apparent, especially in the limitations of uniplanar distraction for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the deficient mandible. Distraction of the mandible in a single plane cannot satisfy fully the functional and structural requirements of the patient with malocclusion as well as deficiency of the skeletal and soft tissue. This study reports the development and clinical use of a multiplanar mandibular distraction device with the ability to achieve linear distraction (Z-plane or sagittal), angular distraction (Y-plane or vertical), and transverse distraction (X-plane or coronal). The device contains two independent gear arrangements attached to two arms that extend from the central unit. Therefore, the trajectory of the regenerated bone may be changed during the distraction process. The device also allows manipulation of the various planes of movement independent of each other. Furthermore, the rotational points for the multiplanar distraction devices are located at a single point; therefore only a single osteotomy and two pin sites are required. The multiplanar distraction device allows the surgeon to customize and contour the dimensions of the distraction process by controlling the trajectory of the translation of the regenerated bone.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis with multidirectional extraoral distraction device in hemifacial microsomia patients: three-dimensional treatment planning, prediction tracings, and case outcomes.

Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton with the use of several different types of distraction devices (i.e., extraoral, intraoral, unidirectional, multidirectional, and customized) have been documented. However, the details of treatment planning and the method of predicting the distraction of the mandible in patients with hemifacial microsomia have not been published previously. This paper presents a technique for (1) three-dimensional treatment planning for mandibular distraction, (2) three-dimensional prediction tracings with conventional radiographs (panoramic, lateral, and posterior-anterior cephalometric), and (3) correlating the treatment planning and clinical applications. Lastly, 2 patients with hemifacial microsomia planned and treated with this approach are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A longitudinal three-dimensional evaluation of the growth pattern in hemifacial microsomia treated by mandibular distraction osteogenesis: a preliminary report.

This study analyzed in three dimensions the longitudinal growth pattern of young patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) before and after mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO). Six individuals with HFM (five boys and one girl; age at distraction, 12.5 +/- 2.4 years) were treated with similar procedures (surgery, type and direction of distraction, no functional orthodontic treatment before and after DO). Two individuals who did not undergo DO until late in their growth were used to compare growth patterns. In addition, one individual besides the six previously chosen sample in whom no DO was performed was also used to compare longitudinal growth patterns. Lateral and posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms were utilized preoperatively, spanning a period of 9 years. Computerized three-dimensional models were constructed from the lateral and PA cephalograms using a vector intercept algorithm. In the comparison group, for a period of 8 years on the affected side, the ramus height, body length, and total mandibular length increased at an average rate of 1.3, 1.9, and 3.0 mm per year respectively. On the unaffected side, the ramus height increased by 2.1 mm per year, 1.9 mm in the body, and 2.9 mm per year in total mandibular length. On average, the gonial angle on the affected side was increased by 1 deg per year, yet decreased by 1 deg per year on the unaffected side. The proportions between the affected to the unaffected side were maintained. In the six individuals 18 months after DO, it was found that the ramus height was reduced by 1.0 mm, whereas the body was found to resume its growth with a faster rate on the distracted side, maintaining its proportion. Angular changes demonstrated closing of the gonial angle on both the unaffected (0.5 deg) and distracted (3.5 deg) sides. Observed in three dimensions were the following: (1) On average, unoperated patients with isolated HFM tend to maintain their asymmetrical facial proportions and do not worsen substantially with time. (2) Different treatment effects were seen on the ramus, body, and total length of the mandible: changes in body length > ramus height > total length. (3) Eighteen months after DO, the correction was stable but with some degree of settling back from the initial overcorrection (< 5%). (4) Eighteen months after DO the mandibular body was found to have greater growth than the ramus. (5) Evaluating changes in three dimensions provides an improved understanding of the growth pattern and distraction effects on the mandible and its structural components. (6) Additional studies on the effect of mandibular distraction on other conditions involving mandibular deformities are required. In addition, the effect of various distractor devices should also be evaluated. Three-dimensional evaluation is recommended for improved accuracy.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2001

Relationship in hypoplasia between the masticatory muscles and the craniofacial skeleton in hemifacial microsomia, as determined by 3-D CT imaging.

The purpose of this study, based on three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions, was to evaluate the relation between underdevelopment of masticatory muscles and hypoplasia of the craniofacial skeleton in hemifacial microsomia (HFM). In 25 patients with HFM and 19 control patients the volumes of the masseter, the temporal, and the medial-pterygoid and lateral-pterygoid muscles were measured on the basis of CT scans, using three-dimensional segmentation and voxel addition. The size and shape of the craniofacial structures were classified, using three-dimensional imaging based on CT scans. Contiguous 1.5-mm computed tomography scans were made with a Philips Tomoscan 350 and processed by a Cemax 1500X 3-D workstation. Using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, the Pruzansky/Kaban classification system, the new Craniofacial Deformity Scoring System, Cranial Deformity Scoring System, and Mandibular Deformity Scoring System (MDS) demonstrated correlation coefficients with the "masseter muscle percentage" varying from 0.71 to 0.81 (P < 0.05), with the medial pterygoid muscle percentage correlation coefficient varying from 0.43 to 0.56 (P < 0.05), with the lateral pterygoid muscle percentage correlation coefficient varying from 0.55 to 0.61 (P < 0.05), and with the temporal muscle percentage correlation coefficient varying from 0.67 to 0.84 (P < 0.05). The normal right/left difference in volume of the masticatory muscles of the control patients, calculated as a percentage of the total, demonstrated small differences of 3.4% to 4.8%. Bony malformations are associated with underdevelopment of the masseter and the temporal muscles, and demonstrate a tendency toward a clear relationship. The degree of muscular underdevelopment of the different muscles of mastication in one patient could vary widely. The normal right/left difference of the masticatory muscles of the control patients is minimal. The volume of the masticatory muscles of the non-affected side does not demonstrate a compensatory effect in patients with HFM.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Fibrous ankylosis after distraction osteogenesis of a costochondral neomandible in a patient with grade III hemifacial microsomia.

Distraction osteogenesis has recently become a mainstay for treatment of craniofacial syndromes with mandibular hypoplasia. This article presents the difficult case of a patient with a previous costochondral rib graft who underwent mandibular distraction and developed a fibrous pseudoarthrosis at the distraction site. This was attributed in part to an associated temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Resorption of the pseudoarthrosis occurred once the distractor was removed. It appears that distraction osteogenesis of a mandible with an ankylosed temporomandibular joint can result in healing with a fibrous union, presumably because of movement at the distraction site when masticating. This can result in a pseudo "temporomandibular joint" at the distraction site. A temporomandibular joint arthroplasty was performed, followed by repeat distraction. We conclude that if there is an ankylosed temporomandibular joint or a stiff temporomandibular joint that may ankylose during the course of the distraction process, then a temporomandibular joint arthroplasty should be performed before or at the time the distractor is placed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Morphological variability of inferior alveolar nerve in low-grade craniofacial microsomia.

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) involves asymmetric hypoplasia and dysmorphogenesis of the facial skeleton. Certain aspects of CFM may be treated by surgical osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis (DO). Mandibular osteotomy places the inferior alveolar nerve at risk. The aim of this study was to investigate radiological landmark relationships to the anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve in CFM. Application of this understanding will aid intraoperative protection of the inferior alveolar nerve. Six subjects with similar presentations of hemifacial microsomia were selected. Three-dimensional reconstruction CT images was used to locate bony structures that held important relationships with the inferior alveolar nerve. Measurements (of the normal and microsomic sides) were made between fixed landmarks: mandibular notch, mandibular foramen, condyle, back of second and third molar tooth, and mental foramen. The unaffected sides acted as controls. The distance between the normal and the microsomic sides from condyle to mandibular foramen was significantly different. The sizes of condyles differed significantly between the normal and microsomic sides. Most of the remainder of the vertical distance of the ramus and most of the horizontal distance of the body were similar. In conclusion, the inferior alveolar nerve should be found in very similar locations on both normal and microsomic sides in low-grade hemifacial microsomic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Proximal segment displacement in mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis has been advocated for treatment of the mandibular deformity in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). During the active phase, the force of distraction pushes the distal segment of the mandible down, creating a distraction gap. Because of the abnormal temporomandibular joint anatomy in HFM patients, the proximal segment may not seat in the glenoid fossa and thus may be displaced with distraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the vector(s) of proximal segment movement during mandibular distraction using a semiburied device. Two investigators traced the immediate pre-and postdistraction panoramic radiographs of 12 HFM patients (mean age at operation = 8.4 years, mean distraction = 28 mm) who had mandibular distraction with a semiburied device. Radiographic analysis, based on a vertical maxillary reference line, measured change in condylar position with angular and linear measurements. Inter-rater reliability for the tracing and analysis was shown with a correlation coefficient between 0.89 and 0.99 for all measures. Based on the angular and linear measurements, 10 of the 12 patients had superior movement of the proximal segment with distraction. Sagittal movement of the proximal segment could not be judged adequately. This study was based on measurements made on panoramic radiographs. Direct measurements could not be made; thus, it was not possible to estimate proximal segment movement in millimeters or as a percentage of total movement. Further studies to document proximal segment movement using computed tomography scans may provide more quantitative data.

Child↗
PubMed1979

A study of gustatory and olfactory function in patients with craniofacial anomalies.

Olfactory and gustatory function can be reiably studied in patients with craniofacial anomalies over the age of 7 years. In our unoperated patients with orbital hypertelorism or craniofacial dysostosis, preoperative evaluation of the olfactory and gustatory functions showed normal values. The same techniques were employed to study any changes in these modalities following reconstructive craniofacial surgery, and the results are presented.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Early definitive treatment of electric burns of the mouth.

An approach in the evaluation and treatment of patients with electric burns of the mouth is presented. When the surgery was necessary, a tongue or buccal flap was used on the fourteenth to fifteenth day after the burn. The theory for this approach and the various technical aspects involved in our operation are discussed.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of hypoglossia-hypodactyly syndrome without extremeity anomalies.

Three cases of hypoglossia-hypodactyly syndrome without limb deformities are reported. All exhibited different degrees of tongue hypoplasia, micrognathia, retrognathia with a very narrow space between the left and right halves of the mandible, constricted isthmus, and only one lower incisor. Bone lengthening for the midline mandibular hypoplasia and orthodontic treatment were performed in the three cases with satisfactory results.

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMed2006

Stereolithography for craniofacial surgery.

Advances in computer technology have aided in the diagnostic and clinical management of complex congenital craniofacial deformities. The use of stereolithographic models has begun to replace traditional milled models in the treatment of craniofacial deformities. Research has shown that stereolithography models are highly accurate and provide added information in treatment planning for the correction of craniofacial deformities. These include the added visualization of the complex craniofacial anatomy and preoperative surgical planning with a highly accurate three-dimensional model. While the stereolithographic process has had a beneficial impact on the field of craniofacial surgery, the added cost of the procedure continues to be a hindrance to its widespread acceptance in clinical practice. With improved technology and accessibility the utilization of stereolithography in craniofacial surgery is expected to increase. This review will highlight the development and current usage of stereolithography in craniofacial surgery and provide illustration of it use.

Child↗