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PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryoamplipulse therapy in treating patients with chronic constipation].

120 patients with chronic constipation (CC) were examined using assessment of the immune status, rectoromanoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, myography, stool examination for volatile fatty acids and dysbacteriosis. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 58) received cryoamplipulsetherapy, group 2 (n = 29)--creotherapy, group 3 (n = 33)--amplipulsetherapy. Changes in clinical and functional indices show that the response in group 1, 2 and 3 was 88, 75 and 68%, respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Symmetry of electro- and acoustic myographic activity of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in normal adults.

The symmetry of paraspinal muscle activity was examined in 15 healthy adults (aged 31-60 years). Acoustic myography (AMG), which provides a measure of force, was recorded with electromyography (EMG) to assess electromechanical relationships during contraction. Bilateral recordings of EMG and AMG were made over the paraspinal muscles at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra during a fatiguing test manoeuvre. Subjects were strapped to a hinged couch in the prone position. When the upper part of the couch was lowered, subjects maintained the upper body (above the anterior, superior iliac spines) unsupported, in the horizontal position for 60 sec. The EMG and AMG signals were full-wave rectified, integrated (IEMG, IAMG) and recorded on an ink-jet oscillograph during the fatigue test. By 60 sec of activity, IEMG had increased (right 122% +/- 8.7; left 125% +/- 11.8; mean +/- 1 SD as a percentage of initial values) while IAMG (reflecting force) remained unaltered (right 99% +/- 8.2; left 100% +/- 5.3). The IAMG:IEMG ratio (reflecting efficiency of activation) thus declined (right 0.81 +/- 0.08; left 0.80 +/- 0.08). The similarly of changes on both sides of the spine have quantified normal symmetry of paraspinal muscle activity and could be used to assess asymmetry in patients with spinal pathology.

Acoustics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary results of treatment for spastic forms of infantile cerebral paralysis by chronic epidural neurostimulation of lumbar enlargement].

Six patients with infantile cerebral paralysis following drug-resistant spastic syndrome were operated on. Four children suffered from lower spastic paraparesis; 2 had spastic tetraparesis. All the children were observed to have leg chiasm and myogenic equinus talipes. Electrodes were implanted under X-ray guidance into the posterior epidural cavity of the spinal cord at the level of Th10-Th12 vertebrae and the MATTRIX system. In the postoperative period, all the children had a steady-state decrease in leg and arm muscle tone during 1-2 daily high-frequency electrostimulation sessions. Within the early week, there was a regression of equinus talipes and leg chiasm. A follow-up indicated a steady-state clinical effect in all the patients. Stimulation myography revealed that the H reflex was suppressed and the H/M ratio decreased to the normal level (60-80%) in all the patients. An average of one daily electrostimulation session was sufficient to maintain muscle tone at the near-normal level.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Biochemical and anatomic changes in the muscles after leg bone lengthening by the Ilizarov method].

In process of crus lengthening, following the method, given by Ilizarov G. A., with 22 adult patients have been studied the peculiarities of metabolic processes of muscle tissue of the lengthened segment as well as the muscle tissue structural changes. As the tests were used; determination of lactate dehydrogenase content and its isoenzymatic spectrum in the blood serum, the residual products of lactic and pyruvic acids glycolysis, relating to the higher indications of the internal medium of an organism; carboxylase activity detection. Energy provision of an organism was estimated according to the ATP content; anatomical state of muscles of the lengthened extremity segment and muscle tissue structure were estimated by means of contrast myography. Dynamics of biochemical indexes suggests that the sparing character of an operation, patient mobility from the first days, preservation of locomotive and supporting function contribute to prevention of metabolic disease and ensure earlier transformation of catabolic reaction to anabolic one. Carboxylase and lactate-dehydrogenase activity increase indicates the biochemical adaptation of an organism. Metabolic changes well correlate with the detected structural changes in the lengthened crus muscles.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1990

[Splenectomy in the treatment of severe generalized myasthenia gravis (first experience)].

The authors discuss the results of splenectomy carried out on 20 patients with generalized myasthenia in whom previous complex treatment including thymectomy, corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy, repeated courses of plasmapheresis during medication with anticholinesterase agents, did not cause any essential improvement. Different values of homeostasis and immunological status were studied before and in different periods after splenectomy. The condition improved in 65% of patients, which was confirmed by the results of myography; the doses of corticosteroids and anticholinesterase agents were reduced. Bearing in mind the severe condition of patients selected for splenectomy, it is recommended to treat them only in medical centers possessing sufficient experience in treatment of myasthenia. The indications and contraindications for splenectomy in complex treatment of myasthenia must be specified further.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1989

[A family of scapula-back type of x-linked recessive muscular dystrophy].

In this paper are described seven men with a scapula-back type of x-linked recessive muscular dystrophy in a family. Onset began in boyhood. The scapula-back muscles were affected, but the calf muscles were normal. All of the patients were able to walk. The oldest patient was thirty-seven years old. Muscular dystrophy was confirmed by electro-myography (EMG), pathologic and CPK examinations. Pedigree analysis indicated x-linked recessive inheritance.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis in children].

The article deals with the treatment of myasthenia in 33 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 15 years. Myasthenia of moderate severity was diagnosed in 14, severe in 15, and extremely severe in 2 children. To make a precise diagnosis, loading, neostigmine methylsulfate, cold, and D-tubocurarine tests were conducted. Thymectomy was performed in 32 patients. The operation was carried out through a T-shaped sternotomy approach. Thymogenic myasthenia was verified in 31 patients and thymomogenic only in one patient. There were no fatal outcomes. The late-term results were studied in 12 patients in follow-up periods of 3 to 6 years. Adaptational activity of the patients, anticholinesterase agents and the results of stimulant electric myography served as the criterion in appraising the late-term results. Modern diagnostic methods and surgical intervention ensure a favourable result in 75% of patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Practically relevant electrodiagnosis in facial and recurrent nerve pareses. A review].

Following a general description of pathophysiological changes of an injured peripheral nerve, a survey is presented in which those electrodiagnostic tests that are of practical relevance today in cases of facial and recurrent nerve pareses, are defined and the methods used are described (electromyography, neuromyography, blink reflex, reflex myography of the larynx). Typical electrodiagnostic findings are explained and demonstrated, using examples from our own case material. The relative merits and diagnostic efficiency of separate and combined findings are discussed.

Blinking↗

PubMed1986

[Physiopathology of incontinence following treatment of anorectal malformations. Non-surgical treatments].

Attainment of continence after treatment of supra-levatorian ano-rectal malformations is frequently hampered by difficult problems. Cinedefecography and particularly conventional manometry along with myography allow to analyse the different factors involved in incontinence, in connection on the one hand with the type of gut pulled-down, and on the other hand with the sphincteric system. This study allows to propose, under specific circumstances, suitable techniques aiming at modifying either the gut contents, or the properties of the pulled-down bowel, or to reinforce the spincters, particularly with biofeedback rehabilitation techniques.

Anal Canal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Objective evaluation of anorectal function in fecal incontinence].

Evaluation of anorectal function in faecal incontinence. In cases presenting faecal incontinence, an etiological diagnosis should be based on history, clinical examination, anuscopy and rectoscopy. This diagnosis should be confirmed or contradicted by the results of objective investigations, especially manometry, myography and radiology. In the absence of anorectal anatomical defects, a functional cause of incontinence has to be found: megarectum with pseudo-incontinence, psychogenic encopresis, lesions of the nervous system, pudendal neuropathy. In the presence of obvious anatomical defects, the function of all components of the anorectal continence apparatus has to be evaluated; in this way, it will be possible to objectivate the results of conservative or surgical treatment by repetition of the technical investigations. In practice, a complete functional evaluation of the anorectum has to be performed in patients in whom the results of previous therapy remain unsatisfactory.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1980

[The heart in myotonic dystrophy. Clinical and instrumental study in 17 patients (author's transl)].

17 patients with myotonic dystrophy have been studied. The skeletal muscle disease has been assessed by history, physical examination, electro-myography and muscle biopsy. Cardiac evaluation has been obtained by history, physical examination, chest X-ray, ecg at rest and after exercise, vectorcardiography and echocardiography. Only two patients presented symptoms and clinical findings of cardiac disease, otherwise conduction disturbances have been founded in 15 cases, pseudoinfarct pattern in 5 cases and loss of anterior vectors in 2 cases. Has to be remembered that in myotonic dystrophy sudden death has a very high incidence, which could be explained by the development of complete a-v block, because of the impairment of the conduction system. Therefore, in those patients with bifascicular blocks (3 cases), the electrophysiological study may be useful in order to evaluate the opportunity to put on a permanent pace-maker, to prevent sudden death.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Treatment results in the anterior interosseous nerve compression syndrome].

Seven patients suffering from paralysis of the N. interosseus anterior were treated in our hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed by electro-myography. In five patients treatment was conservative, two patients were operated on. All patients treated conservatively exhibited spontaneous recovery from their paralysis during five to thirteen months after the start of complaints. In one surgical case no compressing structures were found intra-operatively. This patient's complaints also resolved. Our findings suggest that paralysis of the N. interosseus anterior has a high tendency to resolve spontaneously.

Electromyography↗

PubMed1984

[Electrodiagnosis of caudal cranial nerve disorders in infants and small children].

The endoscopic application of electrodes for electromyography of laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles is routinely performed in adults and very helpful in electrodiagnosis of voice and speech disturbances. Dysfunctions of the lower cranial nerves in infancy and childhood are congenital diseases in most of the cases. Up to now the most helpful diagnostic tool has been direct laryngoscopy which, however, could not classify the type of peripheral or central neural or even muscular disease. It is only by electrophysiological methods that the laryngologist can answer these questions. Electromyography and neuromyography as well as reflex myography of the lower cranial nerves have been performed in ten children since 1979, enabling diagnosis and classification of congenital and acquired lesions in the muscles of tongue, soft palate, pharynx and larynx. In particular accurate diagnosis of laryngeal malacia with intact peripheral innervation and voluntary activity during electromyography is always possible. In addition, the method is helpful in the planning of therapy which consists in either conservative or surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Motor phenomena during electric stimulation of the brains of epileptics].

Ninety-eight patients with long-term electrodes implanted into different structures of the brain were subjected to clinical and electrophysiological examinations. Motor phenomena activated by electrical stimulation of the brain were studied by radiotelemetry and stimulation myography. The threshold and amplitude of H-reflex was shown to be decreased during the interictal period. In cases of the development of a non-convulsive attack, there was a bilateral elevation in the value of the monosynaptic potential. This indicator reached the peak value before the appearance of bilateral tonicoclonic convulsions. The authors note that the clinical characteristics of the activated epileptic phenomena depend not only on the site of electrical stimulation but also on the direction of the after-action discharge propagation.

Amygdala↗

PubMed1982

The feeding apparatus of Caiman crocodilus; a functional-morphological study.

A functional morphological study on the cranio-facial region of Caiman crocodilus was carried out. The anatomy of the skull, mandible, cartilaginous structures and the muscles of the jaw was described. Myography experiments, an X-ray study and observations of behaviour gave insight into the sequence of actions during food-intake. Evidence has been obtained that the cartilago transiliens, attached to the medial side of the mandible, is used to block the jaws relative to each other. For each food-intake action, the amount of material necessary to resist muscle force was calculated. Integration of these figures, together with a consideration on the lines of stress, resulted in a paradigm for the mandible.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗

PubMed1982

[Muscle function tests in practice].

Tests about muscle-function include clinical-physical investigation and electrodiagnosis. Examination of condition and strength of muscle and test of reflexes, sensitivity and coordination are involved in the receipt of clinical-physical investigation. Electrodiagnosis is divided into determination of rheobase, chronaxie and accommodation, electromyography and stimulation myography. The first method indicates a quick differential diagnosis about conditions of innervation at the extremities, the others, especially electromyography, take more time and lead to a highly specified determination of different neurogenic and muscular disfunction.

Electric Stimulation↗

PubMed1980

[Isolated traumatic lesions of the motor nerve branches in the hand].

Isolated injuries of the motor branches of the median and ulnar nerve in the hand are rare. The resulting loss of function is so important that primary or secondary repair is necessary. Using microsurgery techniques the results are very satisfying. The procedure is demonstrated in three cases: 1. Primary perineural suture in a case of double severance of the motor branch of the median nerve caused by the blow of an axe. 2. Resection of neuroma and secondary suture of the motor branch of the median nerve after former knife cut. 3. Bridging a gap in the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve by autologous nerve grafting after former stab injury of the hypothenar eminence. In all patients denervation after the injury as well as regeneration in the healing process was demonstrated by myography.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[A study of F-wave and cervical evoked action potentials by cutaneous recording (author's transl)].

The measurement of nerve conduction velocity and electro-myography have been used as auxiliary means to diagnose spinal and peripheral neuropathies. But it is quite difficult to present to establish the diagnosis fo the diseases involving the so-called proximal segments, i.e., the root entry zone of the spinal cord, spinal nerve root and plexus, by either of these methods. In the present investigation, therefore, the diagnostic possibility of the F-wave and cervical evoked action potentials was explored for such diseases. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In 50 normal subjects, the average F-wave conduction velocity over the median nerve was 58.5 +/- 2.3 (S.D.) m/sec (wrist to spinal cord); 60.9 +/- 3.0 (S.D.) m/sec (elbow to spinal cord); and the range of the normal value was 54.1--62.8 m/sec and 55.5--66.5 m/sec respectively at a 5% level of significance. 2) The F-wave led out of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle by stimulating the median nerve showed abnormal patterns in cases with a localized lesion in the medullary segment of the C7, C8, Th1, and nerve root. 3) The F-wave is dependent of the efferent nerve fibers; representing their antidromic conduction, or the activation of a few motoneurons with a resulting centrifugal discharge. 4) By observing the F-wave diagnosis can be established for the abnormalities in the conduction of the proximal segment of the peripheral nerve and the anterior root of the spinal cord and the changes in the excitation level of the anterior horn cells. 5) From the cervical evoked action potentials by cutaneous recording, the diagnosis can be established for the abnormalities in the conduction of the proxial segment of the peripheral nerve, spinal posterior horn and posterior cord. 6) When the F-wave and the cervical evoked action potentials by cutaneous recording were applied to clinical cases with disturbances in the spinal cord, nerve root and plexus, peculiar changes in the parameter were characteristically observed in each disease. It was therefore confirmed that these methods are very useful in the diagnosis of functional impairment of the proximal segments of the peripheral nerve, the root entry zone and plexus of the spinal cord, and motoneurons.

Adolescent↗