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PubMedDate not supplied

Volumetric changes of the aerated middle ear and mastoid after insertion of tympanostomy tubes.

Volumetric changes of the middle ear and mastoid were measured monthly by the direct volumetric method in 28 ears from 21 patients (12 children and nine adults) with otitis media with effusion. The mean volumetric increase immediately after the insertion of the tubes was 1.56 ml and was attributed to the volume of effusion aspirated from the tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum. The volume increased significantly for three months (P less than 0.01). The increase was speculated to be due to disappearance of the mucosal edema and of effusion in the tympanic cavity and mastoid. The volumetric changes showed little increase thereafter.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cartinoid tumor of the middle ear and mastoid.

Primary cartinoid tumors in the middle ear and mastoid are rare. They are also very difficult to distinguish from adenomas and adenocarcinomas, using conventional histological stains. We present clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings of a cartinoid tumor in the middle ear and mastoid in a 40-year-old male. A soft tumor was revealed in the posterior mesotympanum and mastoid cavity, and a radical tympanomastoidectomy was performed. The tumor cells were stained by chromogranin A, and neurosecretory granules were confirmed with electron microscopy. We also review 20 previously reported cases in regard to their presentation, symptoms, signs, tumor extension, treatments, and histopathology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Effects of galvanic stimulation of the mastoid process on the gastric motility induced by caloric stimulation.

The effects of galvanic stimulation to the mastoid portion on the vestibuloautonomic symptoms induced by caloric stimulation, such as nausea, vomiting, and vertigo, were evaluated in this study. Gastric motility was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) in 20 healthy volunteers (11 male and nine female) aged 20-30 (average: 25.4) years. Electrical stimulation of the mastoid process with 1.0-3.0 mA, 1.0 ms, 100 Hz was applied using a bipolar-biaural method during caloric stimulation of the external auditory canal. The dominant frequency and power of EGG were determined using running spectral frequency analysis and the time-course of EGG was evaluated in a pseudo three dimensional graphic. Frequency of EGG was classified into normogastria with 3 cpm, bradygastria with lower than 3 cpm, and tachygastria with higher than 3 cpm. At quiescent period, normogastria was 78.7 +/- 3.7%, bradygastria 5.0 +/- 1.1%, and tachygastria 16.4 +/- 3.7%. Caloric stimulation with warm water in the unilateral ear and cold water in the contralateral ear elicited vestibuloautonomic symptoms, with accompanied decreases in normogastria (57.7 +/-4.6%, P < 0.01) and increases in tachygastria (34.8 +/- 4.8%, P < 0.01). Cathodal stimulation to the mastoid process ipsilateral to cold water irrigation during caloric stimulation restored normal pattern of gastric motility: normogastria in 77.1 + 5.3% and tachygastria in 19.3 +/- 4.7%, and relieved vestibuloautonomic symptoms. Cathodal stimulation to the inhibited vestibular system ameliorates the vestibular symptoms induced by caloric stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tumours of the mastoid temporal bone: with interesting cases in the paediatric age group.

Tumours of the mastoid temporal bone are interesting clinical entities owing to their rarity. A wide variety of benign and malignant tumours occur in and around the temporal bone reflecting the complicated embryological origin and resultant diversity of tumours found in the area. Friedmann (1974), in a classification of tumours of the ear, has grouped some tumours as intermediate in variety, e.g. glomus jugulare tumour, in addition to various benign and malignant tumours. Metastatic deposits from various distant organs such as the lung, breast and kidney can occur in the mastoid bone (Schucknecht, 1968). Invasive tumours can spread to the mastoid bone from adjacent areas such as neoplasms of the parotid and cranium.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Mastoid ache in acoustic neuroma.

In a series of 100 patients with unilateral acoustic neuroma the incidence of mastoid aching was found to be 25 per cent, though none of the patients reported this as their principal symptom. Mastoid ache was not related to tumour size, hydrocephalus, or duration of symptoms. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of facial numbness and diminished facial sensation, but not facial weakness, compared with the whole series. Since motor fibres are more resistant to pressure than sensory fibres, mastoid ache may signify the pressure of an expanding cerebellopontine angle tumour.

Face↗
PubMed1990

Size variation of mastoid air cell system in Indian people at different age groups: a radiographic planimetric study.

A radiographic planimetric study of mastoid air cell system was carried out on 100 normal human subjects of which 50 were males and 50 females--who were further subdivided into five age groups. They had no history of past ear disease or any other clinical ENT abnormality. The mean area of the mastoid air cell system was measured planimetrically on X-rays and the data analysed according to age and sex. It was 12.05 +/- 0.67 cm2 in males and 11.45 +/- 0.70 cm2 in females (which are more or less the same as that of Western people). The size of the cranial bones has no apparent role in the size variation of the mastoid air cell system. The development of the latter was very rapid up to 10 years of age in both sexes and it continued even after 20 years of age but at a much slower rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Hodgkin's disease of middle ear and mastoid.

We present a case of Hodgkin's disease of the mastoid associated with upper cervical lymph node involvement without disseminated disease. This patient was treated with chemotherapy alone and lesions responded rapidly. At present the patient is well, with no evidence of recurrence or extension of this disease. Hodgkin's disease of the middle ear and mastoid is an extremely rare disease. After a wide search in the literature no cases of Hodgkin's disease arising in the middle ear and mastoid have been found.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

T cell lymphoma of the ear presenting as mastoiditis.

Mastoiditis is a complication of otitis media characterized by suppuration and destruction of air cell septa in the mastoid and petrous pyramid. Diagnosis is made by clinical findings and computerized tomography (CT) of the temporal bone. We present a patient initially diagnosed by CT as having chronic mastoiditis who was subsequently shown to have an unusual large-cell malignant lymphoma of T cell type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

More about pain in the neck: thyroid cartilage and mastoid process syndromes.

Eight patients with cervical pain were examined. The only positive finding was an impressive tenderness over the thyroid cartilage (in seven patients) or over the area of the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the mastoid process (in one patient). The diagnosis of thyroid cartilage syndrome and mastoid process syndrome were suggested and the patients were treated with oral and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which reduced the symptoms. These syndromes are rare. The thyroid cartilage syndrome has been previously reported only once in the literature and this is the first report on the mastoid process syndrome. These syndromes, although rare, should be included in the list of causes for cervical pain and better recognition of the syndromes will save patients from undergoing unnecessary investigation and inappropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A quartet of lateral sinus thrombosis, extradural abscess, subdural abscess and occipital abscess: complications of acute mastoiditis in a pre-adolescent child.

Neurological complications of acute mastoiditis are rare but can be life threatening. Their presentation may be masked by the use of antibiotics. We present a unique case of acute otitis media progressing to occipital, extradural and subdural abscess formation and lateral sinus thrombosis in a child. The clinical course and management of a pre-adolescent male is presented and discussed. We review the incidence, presentation and treatment of occipital abscesses and lateral sinus thrombosis with acute mastoiditis. Following extended cortical mastoidectomy, neck exploration and broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, the patient made a full recovery. This is the first reported case of acute mastoiditis associated with occipital abscess in a child. Early, aggressive treatment is required for a successful outcome. The rarity of neurological complications, in addition to the insidious onset and subtle symptoms associated with antibiotic therapy, can make diagnosis extremely difficult. Patients with acute otitis media who fail to respond fully to treatment should be referred early for a specialist otology opinion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Mastoid obliteration with hydroxyapatite--the value of high resolution CT scanning in detecting recurrent cholesteatoma.

Mastoid obliteration carries a risk of enclosing cholesteatoma within the mastoid cavity. Using temporal bones obliterated with either muscle or hydroxyapatite granules, the value of high resolution CT scanning in the early detection of 'epithelial pearls' was studied. The results showed that scanning was effective in detecting small epithelial pearls within the cavity obliterated with hydroxyapatite, but not so effective when muscle was used. This is explained by the difference in the CT density between epidermoid cysts and hydroxyapatite allowing the cysts (dark shadows) to be identified easily within a white background. The authors also studied scans performed on 31 ears following mastoid obliteration with hydroxyapatite. There was no residual cholesteatoma in the obliterated area but there was an area of abnormality identified within the obliterated area in one patient due to a cholesterol granuloma.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1999

An assessment of the value of the preoperative computed tomography scans prior to otoendoscopic 'second look' in intact canal wall mastoid surgery.

'Second look' surgery following primary intact canal wall mastoid surgery for cholesteatoma is considered mandatory for most cases in modern otological practice. The morbidity of the second look can be reduced by the use of the rigid otoendoscope. Forty-three patients undergoing 'second look' surgery were studied with an average age of 24.7 years. Prior to surgery a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to assess the anatomy and pneumatisation of the cavity. The mean interval between primary and secondary surgery was 16 months and in all cases CT scans were performed within 6 months of 'second look' surgery. The presence of an opaque mastoid did not correlate with residual or recurrent cholesteatoma. The sensitivity of CT in diagnosing residual or recurrent cholesteatoma was 42.9% with a specificity of 48.3% and a predictive value of 28.6%. These results are explained by the fact that it is radiologically impossible to differentiate between recurrence, scar tissue or fluid with a CT scan. Nevertheless it was possible to inspect the cavity with the otoendoscope even in the presence of an opaque mastoid whether due to scar tissue or residual/recurrent cholesteatoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Acute otitis media and mastoid growth.

CONCLUSIONS: This study implies that the hypothesis that acute otitis media (AOM) in infancy inhibits the growth of the mastoid system cannot be accepted. OBJECTIVE: To establish a relationship between AOM in children and their mastoid pneumatization development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Lateral Schüller mastoid radiographs (LMRs) were measured in two groups of children at ages 2-11 years. Group A (n=116) had a history of recurrent AOM; group B (n=108) had no such history. Patients were treated in a private clinic. Data were analysed at Tel Aviv University. The patients had their LMR taken and measured planimetrically. LMR areas on left and right sides were compared in each group and age and were tested for possible differences using the paired Student's t test. When no left/right difference was detected, the values were averaged. Groups A and B were compared at different ages using two-tailed two-sample unequal variance and correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The analyses show that the LMR area became gradually and significantly larger with age in group A (R2=0.858; p<0.05). It did not develop significantly in group B.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Pneumocephalus caused by fistulas of the mastoid air cells treated with a temporoparietal fascial flap.

Using a temporoparietal fascial flap and hydroxyapatite ceramics, we treated a patient for complications after a neurosurgical operation for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. These consisted of pneumocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea resulting from fistulas of mastoid air cells associated with a subcutaneous dead space. By means of the temporoparietal fascial flap, we were able to fill the dead space and reinforce the repaired dural and mastoid lesion as well. Hydroxyapatite ceramics were also useful for closing the mastoid air cell fistulas.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed2002

The fate of mastoid obliteration tissue: a histopathological study.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the histopathological fate of tissues used for mastoid obliteration over a period of 30 years. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective histopathological analysis of archival temporal bone microscopic sections. METHODS: From the database of the laboratory, the 17 temporal bones from subjects who had undergone mastoid obliteration procedures were identified. The microscopic appearance of the obliteration tissue was described, and microphotographs made of significant findings. RESULTS: Fat and bone chips, or paté, retained their bulk in the obliterated space, whereas subcutaneous tissue and muscle lost bulk but seemed to promote healing. Some substances, such as bone wax, used for hemostasis and buried under obliteration tissue, were found to produce a subclinical inflammatory reaction, but other materials, such as Surgicel and Gelfoam, did not. CONCLUSIONS: Fat and bone chips, or paté, used as mastoid obliteration tissue, retained their bulk and identity, whereas subcutaneous tissue and muscle did not.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Effect of mastoid oscillation on the outcome of the canalith repositioning procedure.

OBJECTIVE: The canalith repositioning procedure (CRP), as described by Epley, is a well-established method of treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Debate exists as to whether simultaneous application of a mastoid oscillator confers any added benefit. The aim of this study was to examine this question. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. METHOD: Eighty-four subjects with unilateral posterior canal BPPV were randomized into two groups. The oscillator group was treated by CRP with mastoid oscillation and the nonoscillator group was treated by CRP alone. Positive outcome was regarded as complete resolution of symptoms and a negative Dix-Hallpike's test after a 4 to 6 week follow-up period. RESULTS: Five patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty-eight (72%) patients from the oscillator group and 26 (65%) patients from the nonoscillator group had a positive outcome. This difference was not significant (chi = 0.17, P =.68) CONCLUSION: For the treatment of posterior canal BPPV, concurrent mastoid oscillation with CRP does not significantly alter the short-term outcome.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Mastoid osteomas: report of two cases.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the differential diagnosis of two cases with mastoid mass. STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of the literature. SETTING: The study was carried out in Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. PATIENT, INTERVENTION, AND RESULTS: Both cases were 23-year-old males. They admitted to our clinic with masses behind their left ears that had been progressively enlarging for 5 years. In both cases, coronal and axial computerized tomography scans revealed a wide-based lesion involving temporal bone cortex. The cases were operated on for diagnosis and for correction of the cosmetic deformity. Histopathological examinations were consistent with mixed and spongiotic osteoma. CONCLUSIONS: Mastoid osteoma is a rare, benign tumor of bone. It may cause cosmetic deformity such as external mass or an auricular protrusion. Other neoplasms of the mastoid region, such as osteosarcoma and osteoblastic metastasis, should be considered for the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗