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PubMed2001

[Antepartum perineal massage: review of randomized trials].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of ante partum perineal massage to reduce the number of perineal injuries and episiotomies through a survey of the existing literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] A search both in English and French on randomized clinical trials using the Medline and Cochrane Library databases. The key words: "Perineum", "massage", "perineum injuries", "randomized controlled trial" were selected from the years 1966 to November 2000. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials were found. The definition of the selected issues, as well as the included and excluded criteria varied according to the authors. Perineal massages seemed to reduce the occurrence of perineal injuries and episiotomies, mostly among primipara: Labrecque et al. in 1999, noted an OR of 0.56; 95% CI: 0.61-1.31 and at the opposite an increased rate of intact perineum in the massage group (OR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.27-2.52]; and Shipman et al. in 1997 stressed among women of > or = 30 years old an augmentation of intact perineum in the intervention group (OR = 1.93; 95% CI 1.08-3.48), and in the logistic regression taking into account age and birth weight they found a reduction of episiotomies and important perineal injuries (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Ante partum perineal massages would seem valid but further studies would be necessary to evaluate the utility of this intervention in the avoidance of serious perineal injuries and the women's satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Traditional practice of oil massage of neonates in Bangladesh.

Topical application of natural oils is practised routinely in many countries and may either improve skin barrier function and health or have detrimental cutaneous and systemic effects, depending on the composition of the oil. Little literature on the epidemiology, practice, and perceptions of traditional neonatal oil massage is available. This study was undertaken to gain insights into the epidemiology, practice, and perceptions regarding traditional oil massage of Bangladeshi neonates. A questionnaire was administered verbally to the primary caretaker of 332 outpatients at the Dhaka Shishu Hospital, and to 20 women with children encountered at the Matlab Health Complex in Bangladesh. More than 96% (340/352) of the caregivers practised oil massage, irrespective of socioeconomic status and place of residence. Among those at the Dhaka Shishu Hospital who practised oil massage, mustard oil was used alone or in combination by 95% (303/320) over the entire body, 1-3 time(s) daily (96%), starting in the first three days of life (72%) in both term and preterm neonates. Perceived benefits included prevention of infections (69%) and hypothermia (2%). Oil massage is an important traditional domiciliary practice used annually on more than three million newborns in Bangladesh. Given its potential for beneficial and harmful effects, further research is needed on the value of this practice, and ways to optimize its beneficial effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of back massage before diagnostic cardiac catheterization.

CONTEXT: Admission to the hospital for a diagnostic cardiac catheterization can be perceived as a threat to one's health status. Autonomic nervous system arousal, particularly the sympathetic division, can elicit negative physiological and psychological human responses as a reaction to this threat. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a 20-minute back massage on the physiological and psychological human responses of patients admitted for a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial design was used. Data were compared in a repeated measures design before massage (T1), immediately following the back massage or standard care (T2), and 10 minutes later (T3). SETTING: A large urban academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six subjects admitted from home for a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, respiration, peripheral skin temperature, pain perception, and psychological state. INTERVENTION: A 20-minute back massage. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between subject effect for group, with a reduction in systolic blood pressure in the treatment group (F = 8.6, P < .05). In addition, main effects were noted for time for diastolic blood pressure (F = 5.44; P < .006), respiration (F = 10.6; P < .005), total Profile of Mood States score (F = 5.9; P < .001) and pain perception (F = 4.09; P < .04) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 20-minute back massage appeared to reduce systolic blood pressure in patients awaiting a diagnostic cardiac catheterization, while preparatory time in the cardiac catheterization laboratory appeared to reduce diastolic blood pressure, respiration, perceived psychological distress, and pain.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of reflex-segmental massage on central hemodynamics in healthy people].

Bioimpedance tetrapolar rheopolygraphy was made in 18-22-year-old athletes in lying position and active orthostasis using computer technology Kentavr PRS (Microlux). The study group of 40 men received a 10-day course of massage including classic massage of the spine and neck, reflex-segmental massage of the left scapula, region between the left scapula and the vertebral column, left great chest muscle and sites of left attachment of the ribs to the chest. The examinations were made before the massage and after it. The results demonstrate an optimizing effect of reflex-segmental massage technologies on central hemodynamics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of arm exercise and ocular massage on postural hand tremor.

In this pilot study, the effect of exertion on hand tremor was investigated. Postural head tremor was measured in eight ophthalmology residents before and after lifting a barbell and before and after massaging a phantom eye. All subjects showed an increase in postural hand tremor after lifting a barbell for five minutes (mean, 79% +/- 59%). Postural hand tremor increased 38% +/- 79% after ocular massage, which was not statistically significant (P greater than .5). The peak pressures generated during ocular massage ranged from 25 to 265 mmHg (mean, 134 +/- 80.4 mmHg). There was also no correlation between change in postural hand tremor and the pressure generated by ocular massage (P greater than .2). The authors conclude that strenuous arm exercise, such as lifting a barbell, increases postural hand tremor and should be avoided before doing microsurgery; ocular massage is not sufficient exercise to affect postural hand tremor adversely.

Arm↗
PubMed2006

[Abdominal massage as intervention for patients with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury--a pilot study].

UNLABELLED: Patients with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injuries have to deal with the loss of the central nervous regulation of the bowel functions. The management of defaecation can take a lot of their daily time. To support the colon motility, different methods of abdominal massage are used in nursing practice. But a review of current international literature reveals, that there is still a lack of evidence for the effect of abdominal massage on defaecation. In order to prove this effect, a pilot study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with time series and including seven patients with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury. Data were collected over three weeks: one week before intervention, during the intervention week and one week after intervention. In the intervention week, the patients received a specific abdominal massage each morning before breakfast. Following outcome-criteria have been considered: frequency and duration of defaecation, amount and consistency of faeces as well as subjective perception of the massage and its effects. RESULTS: Some distinctive changes in the frequency and duration of defaecation could be registered over time. Most patients regarded the massage as a comfortable intervention that may have positive effects of the defaecation. Due to the pilot character of the study further research is necessary in order to validate these effects.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

[Control study on effect of pricking collateral blood therapy combined with massage on mild carpal tunnel syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of massage alone or in combination with pricking collateral blood therapy (PCBT) on mild carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: Sixty cases with mild CTS were randomly assigned into two groups, the control group treated with massage therapy alone, and the treated group with PCBT at the six Jing points of the affected upper limb combined with massage, 30 cases in each group. The therapy was conducted in all patients for 3 courses. The therapeutic effect was observed and the differential value (D-value) of sensory conduction velocity (SCV) between the median and ulnar nerves of the fourth digit (D4) was detected before and after each course of therapy. RESULTS: After 3 treatment courses, excellent, therapeutic effect was shown in 26 patients and good effect in 4 of the treated group, while in the control group, the effect was excellent in 8, good in 20, and improved in 2. The effect was better in the former group than that in the latter (P<0.05). Marked difference in the D-value of SCV was shown at the end of each course in both groups (P<0.05). As compared it between the two groups, significant difference was shown at the end of the 1st and 3rd course respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined treatment of massage and PCBT showed better effect on mild CTS than massage therapy alone, and the onset time may positively correlated to the frequency of applying PCBT.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Effects of massage for prevention of pressure ulcers.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether standard massage (30 seconds) and extended massage (60 seconds) affected skin temperature of patients who had undergone fractured hip surgery. A convenience sample of 20 patients between 66 and 97 years of age who had fractured hip surgery were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. Evaluation of the effects of massage were made through measures of daily skin temperatures taken at the sacral site of each patient postoperatively for four days. A repeated measures analysis of variance showed a main effect for day (F [3, 53] = 7.26, p = .01), location (F [1, 53] = 8.83, p = .01), and an interaction between group and day (F [3, 53] = 5.83, p less than .01). Orthogonal contrasts of means showed that skin temperature on day 1 was significantly higher than days 2, 3, and 4 (T = [J, J (n-1)] = 4.21, p less than .001). Subjects who received extended massage had a significant decrease in skin temperature as opposed to those who received standard massage.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast massage to obtain contraction stress test.

A standard contraction stress test (CST) is usually obtained by the intravenous infusion of exogenous oxytocin for 1 to 3 hours. To assess whether breast massage could elicit a CST, 30 high-risk pregnant women between 37 and 44 weeks gestation massaged their breasts with mineral oil for a maximum of 40 to 60 minutes. Of the 21 patients (70%) who met the CST criterion, 15 had at least one spontaneous uterine contraction in the 20 minutes preceding breast massage, p = .05. Thirty-three percent of those who met the CST criterion did so within 10 minutes of the start of breast massage, and 95% met the criterion within 40 minutes. Other factors, including weeks gestation, parity, overstimulation, and fetal heart rate deceleration that could reasonably influence the effectiveness of the procedure are discussed. Breast massage appears to be an effective method for meeting the CST criterion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Direct cardiac massage in refractory heart arrest. 2 cases sucessfully treated in the coronary care unit].

The open chest, or direct cardiac massage may be indicate in instances where closed chest techniques are ineffective. Direct cardiac massage was successfully applied by us in two patients who failed to resuscitate with closed chest massage. The patients, an 49 year old man with acute myocardial infarction and an 53 year old man who had a history of previous myocardial infarction with subsequent development of a ventricular aneurysm, had ventricular fibrillation who not responded to closed chest cardiac massage and to repeated electrical countershocks. When the pupils became dilated the decision was made to open the chest and apply direct massage. After several minutes of manual cardiac compression a single D.C. countershock returned the heart to a normal sinus rhythm in each of the patients. Although the thoracotomy was performed outside the operating room, none of the complications of the open chest resuscitation occurred, such as intrathoracic infection, rupture of the heart, and postresuscitative bleeding. The first patient recovered from the infarction, has been discharged from the hospital and is alive and well after 5 months. The second patient has been discharged from the U.C.C. and is alive and well after 15 days.

Electric Countershock↗
PubMed1983

Regional muscle tension and pain ("fibrositis"). Effect of massage on myoglobin in plasma.

In thirteen patients, all women, with regional muscle tension and pain ("fibrositis") plasma myoglobin concentration was measured before and after massage. A significant increase was observed in the plasma myoglobin concentration reaching a maximum three hours after the start of massage treatment (median 133 micrograms/l). A positive correlation was found between the degree of muscle tension and the increase in plasma myoglobin concentration. After repeated massage treatment a gradual decline could be demonstrated in the increase of the plasma myoglobin concentration in coincidence with the efficacy of the treatment. Opposed to this only normal levels of myoglobin were found in plasma when muscles without tenderness and pain were treated with massage. The observed increase of myoglobin in plasma after massage indicates a leak of myoglobin from the muscle fibres, which suggests that regional muscle tension and pain is associated with disorders in the muscle fibres.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Usefulness of a protocol for carotid sinus massage in supine and erect postures in patients with syncope without other cardiovascular or neurological diseases].

BACKGROUND: Carotid sinus massage is a first level test when investigating the cause of syncope. It is normally performed in the supine and erect positions. However, there is no standard complete protocol. So we have devised a new protocol to evaluate the utility of carotid sinus massage in different postures and the influence of patients age on the response. METHODS: Two groups of subjects were selected: a group of 167 patients (mean age 50 ys +/- 18, 105 males, 62 females) with a history of syncope without cardiovascular and neurological disease and 20 asymptomatic control subjects (mean age 52 ys +/- 13, 11 males, 9 females). Carotid sinus massage was performed supine, just after passive tilt, after 5 minutes of tilt and just after passive return to supine. If a pause > 3" was detected, the protocol was repeated after atropine i.v. injection. DEFINITIONS: Borderline vasodepressor: blood pressure reduction > 30 but < 50 mm Hg without symptoms; vasodepressor: blood pressure reduction > 50 mm Hg or > 30 mm Hg with symptoms like dizziness, vertigo or syncope; cardioinhibitory: pause > 3"; mixed: cardioinhibitory with blood pressure reduction > 30 mm Hg after atropine. RESULTS: Carotid sinus massage gave all informations in the supine position in 14 (12%) patients, after passive tilt in 67 (57%), after 5 minutes of tilt in 30 (26%), and after return to supine in 6 (5%). The responses were: 13 (8%) borderline vasodepressor, 32 (19%) vasodepressor, 2 (1%) cardioinhibitory, 70 (42%) mixed, 50 (30%) negative. Positive responses were more frequent in patients over 45 years (90% versus 43%). In the control group only 3 (15%) positive responses were elicited (2 borderline vasodepressor, and 1 vasodepressor, all in subjects over 45). CONCLUSIONS: This protocol for carotid sinus massage evidenced positive responses in 70% of patients with syncope without cardiovascular and neurological disease; cardioinhibitory responses are rare (2%); positive responses are more frequent in patients over 45 years; the protocol specificity was 85%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The use of therapeutic massage as a nursing intervention to modify anxiety and the perception of cancer pain.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the effects of therapeutic massage (consisting of effleurage, petrissage, and myofascial trigger point therapy) on pain perception, anxiety, and relaxation levels in hospitalized patients experiencing significant cancer pain. Thirty minutes of therapeutic massage was administered on two consecutive evenings to nine hospitalized males diagnosed with cancer and experiencing cancer pain. The subjects' self-reports of pain and relaxation (measured by Visual Analogue Scales) as well as anxiety (measured by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory) were recorded before and immediately after the intervention. The objective physiologic measures of heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were obtained before, immediately after, and, finally, 10 min after the massage intervention. Massage therapy significantly reduced the subjects' level of pain perception (average = 60%) and anxiety (average = 24%) while enhancing their feelings of relaxation by an average of 58%. In addition to these subjective measures, all physiological measures (heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure) tended to decrease from baseline, providing further indication of relaxation. In conclusion, although the exact mechanism is not known, therapeutic massage is a beneficial nursing intervention that promotes relaxation and alleviates the perception of pain and anxiety in hospitalized cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Anaerobic bacteria in urine before and after prostatic massage of infertile men.

In the present study 25 infertile men delivered urine before and after prostatic massage. Expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) was obtained from 11 men. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial analyses showed that a total of 33 isolates was found in samples of urine voided before massage as compared to 59 isolates after massage of the prostate. There was an increase in the number of anaerobes whereas there was no change in the number of aerobes. The occurrence of EPS did not influence the number of aerobic and anaerobic isolates in urine voided after massage of the prostate. The most often isolated anaerobes in urine voided after prostatic massage were Eubacterium lentum, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus and Bacteroides species and the most common anaerobe in EPS was Peptostreptococcus micros.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparative study of lactate removal in short term massage of extremities, active recovery and a passive recovery period after supramaximal exercise sessions.

This investigation highlights the comparison of blood lactate removal during the period of recovery in which the subjects were required to sit down as a passive rest period, followed by active recovery at 30% VO(2)max and short term body massage, as the three modes of recovery used. Ten male athletes participated in the study. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer with loads at 150% VO(2)max, each session lasting 1 min, interspaced with 15 sec rest periods, until exhaustion. Blood lactate concentration was recorded at recovery periods of 0,3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min, while VO(2), VCO(2) and heart rate were recorded every 30 sec for 30 min. The highest mean lactate value was found after 3 min of recovery irrespective of the type of modality applied. Significantly lower half life of lactate was observed during active recovery (15.7 +/- 2.5 min) period, while short term massage as a means of recovery required 21.8 +/- 3.5 min and did not show any significant difference from a passive type of sitting recovery period of 21.5 +/- 2.8 min. Analysis of lactate values indicated no remarkable difference between massage and a passive type of sitting recovery period. It was observed that in short term massage recovery, more oxygen was consumed as compared to a passive type of sitting recovery. It is concluded from the study that the short term body massage is ineffective in enhancing the lactate removal and that an active type of recovery is the best modality for enhancing lactate removal after exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Fibromyalgia pain and substance P decrease and sleep improves after massage therapy.

Massage therapy has been observed to be helpful in some patients with fibromyalgia. This study was designed to examine the effects of massage therapy versus relaxation therapy on sleep, substance P, and pain in fibromyalgia patients. Twenty-four adult fibromyalgia patients were assigned randomly to a massage therapy or relaxation therapy group. They received 30-minute treatments twice weekly for 5 weeks. Both groups showed a decrease in anxiety and depressed mood immediately after the first and last therapy sessions. However, across the course of the study, only the massage therapy group reported an increase in the number of sleep hours and a decrease in their sleep movements. In addition, substance P levels decreased, and the patients' physicians assigned lower disease and pain ratings and rated fewer tender points in the massage therapy group.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage on abdominal obesity among middle aged women].

PURPOSE: Objectives of the study is to examine the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage among middle aged women with abdominal obesity. METHOD: AB/BA crossover design of random blind assignment was applied. Aromatherapy and placebo massage were given to Group(A), Group(B), each groups applied each massages for 2 weeks alternatively. Weight, abdominal circumference and appetite were compared for results check among the subjects. RESULT: The apparent effectiveness of Aromatherapy Massage in reducing weight, abdominal circumference and appetite was noted. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, they strongly support the facts of reduction of abdominal obesity by applying aromatherapy massage for middle aged women.

Clinical Trial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of sport massage on limb girth and discomfort associated with eccentric exercise.

CONTEXT: Sport massage is often used to help prepare for exercise, expedite recovery from muscle soreness, and enhance athletic performance. However, the effect of sport massage on recovery from delayed-onset muscle soreness is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a short sport massage treatment on intramuscular swelling and pain in response to eccentric exercise. DESIGN: We used a 2 x 8 (treatment x time) repeated-measures design to compare triceps surae muscle girth and pain ratings over the 72 hours after eccentric exercise. SETTING: University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen healthy, college-aged subjects. INTERVENTION(S): Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced with several sets of eccentric triceps surae contractions at 90% of the estimated concentric, 1-repetition maximum weight. Subjects returned on 3 consecutive days after eccentric exercise with a cycle ergometer for active rest treatments. In addition, 1 leg received the sport massage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Girth measurements were taken at 5.08 cm (2 in), 10.16 cm (4 in), 15.24 cm (6 in), and 20.32 cm (8 in) below the knee joint line, and pain was assessed with a visual analog scale before and after all 4 sessions. RESULTS: No interaction was noted between treatment and time for any girth or pain measurements, and no main effect was seen for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Sport massage did not reduce girth or pain in the lower leg after eccentric exercise within 72 hours.

Journal Article↗