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PubMed1976

Age incidence and site distribution of mammary dysplasias in young beagle bitches.

The age incidence and site distribution of 2,142 mammary dysplasias were documented for 39 beagle bitches 6 months to 4 years of age. Lesion onset was at 2-3 years of age, at which time more than 50% of the females had dysplasias. Dysplasias appeared before palpable tumors. Posterior mammae developed more lesions than did anterior mammae. Thus the gradient for early onset of lesions coincided with the gradient for tumor frequency reported previously; a preneoplastic potential is suggested for (some) dysplasias. Problems of defining normal tissue are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

N.m.r. relaxation and images of human breast tumours in vitro.

It is found that fat and non-fatty tissue in dissected samples of the mamma differ in their T1/T2 ratios. This opens the possibility of locating tumours by n.m.r. imaging, because they have a lower fat content than their surroundings. By means of a sensitive point method, samples were scanned with a resolution of about 0.4 mm X 0.4 mm. The similarity between the shape of a tumour in an n.m.r. and in an X-ray image of a thin section of mamma tissue is quite convincing.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Near-infrared fluorescent dyes for enhanced contrast in optical mammography: phantom experiments.

Optical mammography with near-infrared (NIR) light using time-domain, frequency-domain, or continuous-wave techniques is a novel imaging modality to locate human breast tumors. By investigating excised specimens of normal and diseased mamma tissue we were able to demonstrate that differences in their scattering properties are a poor predictive parameter for normal and diseased mamma tissue. This paper describes the application of a NIR dye to improve the differentiation between breast tumors and normal tissue in a rat model. The NIR dye furnished a high tumor-to-tissue contrast ratio (6:1) in fluorescence images. Furthermore, this dye was used to develop liquid scattering phantoms with absorbing and fluorescent inhomogeneities. Using frequency-domain and time-domain instrumentation these inhomogeneities were localized at sufficient contrast by their increased absorption and fluorescence. Contrast between inhomogeneities and surrounding medium could be improved by combining fluorescence and transmittance images.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Fine needle puncture of mesenchymal malignant growths of the mammary gland].

From 1967 to 1978 the author made 612 fine needle biopsies of the mamma (415 benignant, 197 malignant cases). Among malignant cases there were 11 primary (2 fusocellular, 1 rotundocellular sarcomas, 1 chondromyxosarcoma, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 1 melanoblastoma, 1 angiosarcoma, 4 malignant cystosarcomas phylloides) and 4 metastatic (1 rotundocellular, 1 reticulocellular, 2 melanoblastomas) sarcomas. The author gives a detailed report on cytomorphology, histology and diagnostical problems of mesenchymal malignomas. He thinks the practical value of fine needle biopsy important in the preoperative diagnostics of sarcomas in the mamma. On the basis of his experiences obtained during years, he considers it undangerous and recommends its daily use in practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of submandibular salivary glands on hormone responsiveness of mouse mammary glands.

Surgical removal of the submandibular salivary glands (sialoadenectomy) of female Balb/c mice significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced mammary development as judged by development scores and mammae DNA levels. Reduction in mammae development score by sialoadenectomy was observed in both mice saline injected and mice treated with estradiol and progesterone. Autografts of submandibular salivary tissue or daily administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice partly alleviated the atrophy of the mammary gland induced by sialoadenectomy (P less than 0.05). The results of our studies are consistent with a model of mammary gland developmental regulation that includes the submandibular salivary gland as a mediator of mammogenesis via secretion of EGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Physiologic role of relaxin on mammary gland growth in rats.

The role of relaxin in stimulating growth of the mammary gland was assessed in ovariectomized and intact male rats for a period of 20 days. In addition to relaxin alone, the ovarian mammogenic hormones estradiol and progesterone were used in combination with relaxin and with each other to evaluate responses of mammae. Indices for mammary growth included wet weight, dry fat-free tissue, DNA, RNA, total protein, and collagen. Quantitative estimates of DNA and collagen represented the best indicators of parenchymal and stromal growth, respectively. Because changes in body weights were significantly different among hormonally administered groups, these were included as well. In Ovariectomized young rats, relaxin alone and in combination with estradiol and progesterone increased all indices significantly (P less than 0.01). The collagenous portion of total protein was high for the group receiving relaxin alone (62%) compared with the control group (46%). Relaxin administered along with estradiol and progesterone increased collagen accumulation to 73%, compared with 54% in the estradiol + progesterone group. Relaxin did not significantly increase growth indices when administered to male rats at 10 and 20 micrograms/day, while 30 micrograms stimulated a significant increase in total protein (P less than 0.05), suggesting that 30 micrograms of relaxin/day may be considered the basal concentration needed to induce a physiologic response in males. Relaxin induced a growth effect on mammae by synergizing with progesterone and estradiol in order to stimulate parenchymal proliferation, as noted by a DNA increase, and to increase stromal distensibility of the mammary pad by invoking accumulation of collagen and total protein in substituting for mammary adipose tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Metastatic skull tumors from cancers associated with subcutaneous mass lesions].

The incidence of metastatic brain tumors is increasing because of the recent progress in the detection and management of primary cancer. However, metastatic skull tumors from cancers associated with giant subcutaneous mass lesions are rare. We present four patients with metastatic skull tumors: two from hepatic cancer, one from lung cancer, and one from mamma cancer. In these patients, plain skull X-ray and bone CT showed osteolytic lesions. Angiograms revealed a tumor stain fed by abnormal vessels from the external carotid artery. MRI demonstrated masses with marked homogeneous enhancement with the "dural tail sign" in the dura adjacent to the tumors in three skull tumors from hepatic and mamma cancers, and a mass with slightly enhancement without the "dural tail sign" in a skull tumor from lung cancer. At surgery, hemorrhagic well-demarcated tumors were totally removed. The histological diagnosis was skull metastases from cancers in all cases. In cases with the "dural tail sign" on MRI, no tumor cells were seen in the inner layer of the dura and the dura adjacent to the tumors. It is possible that the "dural tail" is due to increased vascular permeability of the dural vessels. The recurrence of these skull tumors was not observed during the follow-up period. Surgical treatment for the metastatic skull tumors from cancers may be indicated to prevent deteriorating neurological symptoms affecting the quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Breast tuberculosis].

A 47-year-old woman, mother of 7 children, was admitted to hospital because of the painful tumour of her left breast. The clinical course was chronic with formation of abscess and then fistula. Chest X-ray was normal. Axillary lymph nodes were not palpable. During mammography tumour was revealed (3.5 cm in diameter). During tumour resection abscess was found. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from its pus, but histologic picture of resected tissue suggested caseous tuberculosis of mamma. Bacilli were not found. The patient was treated with antituberculous drugs. At the early stage of treatment the skin fistula of mamma occurred but the long-lasting therapy was successful.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed2000

[Study of the role of the feeding factor in the development of induced experimental mammary cancer in rats].

It is studied the influence of two types of experimental diets on rats origin mammary tumors. The first diet was enriched by pig's fat and 2nd diet contained soybean protein and induced N-nitrozo-N-methylurea (MNM). The tumors of rat's mamma were induced by intramammary injections of N-nitrozo-N-methylurea in area of the 2nd left mamma in dose 2.5 mg per rat once a week during 5 weeks. The rats of control group were not exposed to any additional influences except for a carcinogenic one. The rats of first and second subgroup were fed with lard (50 mg/kg) and soybean protein (200 mg/kg) during 30 weeks. It was shown that lard evinced cocarcinnogenic action on the origin of mammary tumors to stimulating their growth and development while the soybean protein considerably reduced frequency of mammary tumors and slowed the time of their appearance.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Breast cancer--the diagnostic and therapeutic problem.

The progress made in recent years in the diagnostics of breast cancer, the universal character of mammographic and ultrasonographic screening examinations and the growth of social awareness with respect to this disease have caused a great deal of diagnostic problems. Cases of big, ulcerating cancer tumours, which infiltrate skin have now become history, and are reported sporadically. However, physicians are now facing the problem, which is the diagnosis of 1-5 mm changes detected in examinations. The necessity to diagnose small tumours in combination with 80-90% mammographic sensitivity reported compelled clinical physicists to verify these changes with histopathological examination. In the cases when the clinical examination, the result of a mammographic examination and that of fine needle aspiration biopsy do not provide a coherent picture, a surgeon has to qualify a patient for tumorectomy with an intra-operative study. In the years 1997-2000, 173 breast tumorectomies were made. Patients with benign neoplasm (e.g. adenofibroma, papilloma mammae) or patients with arousing suspicion of oncological anxiety breast tumour were qualified for surgical procedures. Operations were performed in one-day surgery conditions and intra-operative examination was performed in every case. In cases of non-palpable tumours, which were visible in ultrasonography or mammography the changes were marked by an "anchor" in order to be removed and examined histopathologically. The operated patients were 17-89 years old. In the obtained 173 tissue fragments dysplasia benign was recognized in 47.98% of cases, in 42.2% adenofibroma, in 2.31% papilloma mammae, in 1.73% mastitis chronica, in 4.62% ca ductale invasivum and in 1.16% ca ductale in situ has been observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on breast cancer and breast examination of nurses and midwives in Metro Manila.

This cross-sectional panel study determined the baseline knowledge about breast cancer and the attitudes on breast examination of nurses and midwives assigned at the different health centers in Metro Manila, and determined their sensitivity in detecting breast lumps after teaching them the Mamma-Care technique of breast examination, before they began to implement breast examination in the field. 225 nurses and midwives from a randomly selected 101 health centers in Metro Manila participated in a training seminar regarding breast cancer screening. They were given questionnaires to determine their baseline knowledge (multiple choice objective questionnaires) and attitudes (Liker-scale questionnaire) regarding their implementation of breast exam in the field. During the seminar, they were taught the Mamma-Care technique of breast examination with the aid of a videotape and lecture demonstration. They were then asked to examine silicone breast models which contain lumps of varying sizes (2 cm), mobility and hardness. Their sensitivity (through positive lumps detected by examination/total number of lumps in the breast model) in detecting lumps was then evaluated. Correct pretest knowledge on breast cancer symptoms, risk factors, treatment and screening were 83%, 64%, 86%, and 82%, respectively, which improved after training for 93%, 75%, 93%, and 92%, respectively. Trends in attitudes regarding implementation of breast exam were favorable. Sensitivity rates were 100% (33 nurses/midwives), 80% (48 n/m), 60% (n/m), 20% (17 n/m), and 0% (2 n/m). Overall sensitivity rate was 62%. Training and practice of skills among health center workers would enhance the Department of Health program on early detection of breast cancer in the Philippines.

Asia↗
PubMed1976

[Diagnosis of breast carcinoma with thermographic methods: tele-thermovision, plate thermography].

The diagnosis of carcinoma of the mamma with the aid of tele-thermovision and liquid-crystal-thermography A review is given on thermographic diagnosis of carcinomas of the mamma with the aid of tele-thermovision and liquid-crystal-thermography. 132 carcinoma cases were microscopically examined with cytomorphological criteria. The microscopic and thermographic results were compared. The thermographic diagnosis "suspicious" is dependent on the diameter of the tumour, the vascularisation, the essential cytomorphological criteria as mitosis, prominence and size of nucleoli as well as deviation of the nucleous/plasma ratio. There was no dependence on the distance of the tumour from the surface of the breast and even on the perifocal infiltration with lymphoid cells. The accuracy rate in diagnosis with liquid-crystal-thermography is about 74%; false negative and false positive results both are about 9%. The accuracy rate for tele-thermovision is about 10% lower. The detection rate of carcinoma stage T1 ranges around 50%.

Breast↗
PubMed2003

[Value of radiotherapy in breast cancer. Breast preservation rises to 80%].

The indication for radiotherapy for mamma carcinoma is determined in particular by the macroscopic and microscopic tumor findings, the number of lymph nodes identified, receptor status, the surgical report and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Irradiation is applied in particular in conjunction with breast-preserving first-line treatment in the case of ductal in situ carcinomas, and postoperatively following breast conservation in the case of invasive mamma carcinoma. The indication for irradiation following mastectomy is controversial and is determined by tumor size and location, together with further factors (see the Guidelines of the German Society of Senology). The indications applying to the irradiation of regional lymph nodes are determined by the sites of the respective metastases. The combination of radio- and chemotherapy is carried out in close cooperation between oncologists and radiologists.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

[Undifferentiated choriocarcinoma--epithelioid trophoblastic tumors treated at the Center for Trophoblastic Diseases in the Czech Republic 1955-2003].

OBJECTIVE: The clinical-pathological picture, pathogenesis, biological behavior and therapy of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) alias undifferentiated choriocarcinoma (CH-Ned). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: Trophoblastic Disease Center in the Czech Republic (TDC-CZ), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague. METHODS: The identification of all tumors complying with histopathological criteria of ETT-CHNed among 372 malignant tumors of trophoblast (MTT), treated at TDC-CZ in the years 1955-2003. Their morphological analysis was done from the standpoint of formal pathogenesis, correlation with clinical picture, laboratory and therapeutic results. RESULTS: Among 372 malignant tumors of trophoblast (MTT) we detected 25 ETT-CHNed. The size of the tumor was in the range of 15 to 45 mm except two cases. One tumor diffusely infiltrated thyroid gland and clinically imitated struma. In the other case a massive dissemination of ETT-CHNed in the lungs was supposed to be tuberculosis. The tumor in the uterus and metastases was predominantly of solid character, not infrequently with necroses and haemorrhages. The microscopic analysis revealed larger irregular cells with frequent mitoses, resembling eight-day orthologic trophoblast. There were also infrequent elements of cyto-intermediate and syncytium-trophoblastic character. The mitotic index (3-7), proliferation markers (20%), inhibitin alpha, hCG and PLAP with histological picture suggest a specific form of MTT or choriocarcinoma. The age of the female patients was in the range of 22 to 43 years. In 18 cases (72%) the tumor displayed gynecological symptomatology, in 7 cases (28%) a non-gynecological one (pulmonary 3 times, thyroid once, CNS once, GIT once, mamma once). In the case history there was delivery in 10 cases, abortion in eight, mola hydatiosa completa twice, anamnesis was uncertain once and extra-uterine pregnancy was suspected also once. The interval between pregnancy and established diagnosis was in the range of one to 64 months. The ETT-CHNed diagnosis was established 18 times from curettage of endometrium, six times from biopsies of organs considered as primary localization of the tumor and once during post mortem examination. The hCG values upon admission were in the range of 10(1) to 10(3) mIU/ml in connection with a small number of differentiated syncitium-trophoblastic cells. In the first period (1955-1963) before introduction of chemotherapy all five patients died (100%) in the range of 4 months to 3 years. In the second period (1964-1980), hysterectomy with subsequent monochemotherapy resulted in permanent remission (20 years) in four women out of nine (44%). In the third period (1981-2003), hysterectomy with subsequent polychemotherapy resulted in complete remission from two to 18 years in 9 out of 11 women (82%), while in two cases with absent ETT-CHNed in uterus the intervention was limited to tumor extirpation in the lung or mamma with subsequent treatment with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The revision of 372 MTT treated in TDC-CZ (1955-2003) uncovered 25 ETT-CHNed. Their clinical-pathological analysis revealed that ETT-CHNed is a malignant tumor, which is not less aggressive than choriocarcinoma (CH-NST). It becomes manifest by frequent metastases, often with absent demonstrable tumor in the uterus. It represents a less differentiated form of MTT, becoming manifest in a low production of hCG. It can be derived by formal pathogenetics from non-differentiated earliest orthologic trophoblast. There are differentiated transitions between ETT-CHNed and CH-NST, which are analogous to grading of other malignant epithelial tumors. Hysterectomy with subsequent intensive chemotherapy decreased the original 100% mortality in the years 1955-1963 to 18.1% in the years 1980-2003.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of fibrocystic breast disease with lisuride].

To study the efficacy of lisuride in fibrocystic mastopathy, we conducted a clinical trial in 23 out patients, aged 19-50 years, randomly recruited from the gynecological service of the ISSSTE, Dr. Darío Fernández Fierro. Hospital. The only exclusion criteria was having received previous treatment. The patients clinical history was recorded. Physical examination, hormone profile (FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, estrogen and progesterone) and ultrasound exam of the mammae at baseline were performed in all patients, as well as, mammography in patients older than 40 years or those requiring so. Treatment was started with 1/2 tablet of lisuride (0.1 mg)/8 hours, preferably with meals, for 3 months. At the end of therapy, hormone profile, ultrasound of the mammae and physical examination were repeated for control purposes. We obtained the following results; fibrocystic mastopathy was most frequent in women aged 20-29 years, mean age 31 years symptoms disappeared in 36.9% and were reduced notably in 63.1%, of cases. Grade O ultrasound lesions disappeared in 100% of patients and grade I and II lesions improved. On physical examination all patients showed improvement; estrogen values were reduced and progesterone incremented. The prolactin level were normal at baseline, as well as by the end of treatment. One patient suffered severe side effects which required interruption of treatment; 4 patients experimenting light side effects were able to continue therapy and in the remaining 18 patients, no adverse reactions were observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of the imprint cytology in breast biopsy diagnosis.

Tissue biopsies of the breast with and without carcinomas were examined simultaneously by intraoperative histology and imprint cytology. In 95 per cent of the cases there was a good agreement between the histologic and cytologic diagnoses. The reliability of the imprint cytology was tested in some complicated cases such as proliferating fibroadenomas, pseudoinvasive adenosis and carcinomas. In 20.2 per cent of the cases with carcinoma, the tumor cells showed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions, whereas such inclusions were found only in 0.43 per cent of the biopsies of mammas without carcinoma. Their morphological variations and the histochemical pattern are discussed. The results have demonstrated that simultaneous cytologic examination of unfixed mamma biopsies can be a good screening method and that the intracytoplasmic inclusions may be an especially helpful histopathologic feature in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

[The value of the free hydroxyproline and the N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase for the observation of the course of malignant tumors].

In 172 patients with various malign tumours the free hydroxyprolin (HP) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) in the serum were determined. The established values were analysed according to the kind of tumour, spread of tumour, behaviour of growth and histological classification and statistically evaluated. In mamma carcinoma progressively metastasing into bones HP is significantly increased in its mean value. 71.4 per cent of the patients have pathological values. The parameter for bone-marrow diagnostics failed in 28.6 per cent. Increases may only occur until 9 weeks before traditional diagnostics of metastases. beta-NAG values lie within the normal range for clinically not metastasing mamma carcinoma. The enzyme level will increase significantly after each tumour progression into an organ. The diagnostic sensitivity for the general diagnostics of metastases amounts to 97.7 per cent. Increases without any evidence of metastases are either due to other diseases with connective tissue changes or to occult micrometastases. An exact control is required for these patients. Likewise, HP and beta-NAG have a prognostic importance for malign testicle tumours from nonseminomes character and malign lymphomas, because with tumour progression they will turn into pathological ones. Cytostatics have no direct impact on the serum level of HP and beta-NAG.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

[10 years results following augmentation-plasty].

In order to investigate late results in cases with mamma-augmentations, we have controlled cases which have been operated between 1970 and 1980. From a total number of 70 cases 34 have appeared for control. In spite of the problems of capsular contracture the interest for mamma-augmentation has rather increased during this period of time. We have mainly used 3 types of implants: 1. gelfilled silicon prosthesis, 2. inflatable prosthesis, 3. gelfilled prosthesis with polyurethan coating (Aeshly). In most of the inflatable prosthesis (5) spontaneous perforations occurred so that they had to be exchanged. In 41 cases a simple augmentation was performed. Out of these 16 have been controlled. In 4 cases an augmentation was combined with mastopexy. All of these appeared for control. 13 out of 17 cases of subcutaneous mastectomy with augmentation mammaplasty were controlled. In all cases of subcutaneous mastectomy the prosthesis were placed retropectoral. In 18 cases the prostheses were exchanged either because of leakage or when the prosthesis was injured during a capsulotomy. In 2 cases the prosthesis was removed, in 1 case because of problems with the skin and in another case because of repeated severe capsular contracture even after two capsulotomies. The classification of Baker was used to express the severity of capsular contracture. Prosthesis which was placed retropectorally showed significantly less problems with capsular contracture than prosthesis which was placed subglandular.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗