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PubMed1999

Selective enrichment and high-throughput screening of phage surface-displayed cDNA libraries from complex allergenic systems.

Phage surface display technology, first described in 1985, enables the construction of large combinatorial peptide and antibody libraries. The basic concept of linking the phenotype, expressed as gene product displayed on the phage surface, to its genetic information integrated into the phage genome, allows the survey of large libraries for the presence of specific clones using the discriminative power of affinity purification. The selection procedure involves the enrichment of phage by binding to an immobilized target molecule. As a consequence of the physical linkage between genotype and phenotype, sequencing the DNA of the integrated section of the phage genome can readily elucidate the amino acid sequence of a displayed gene product. Phage surface display technology has revolutionized our ability to select agonist and antagonist peptides, antibodies with desired specificities, and DNA-binding molecules. We have extended phage surface display to access cDNA libraries with this powerful screening technology based on affinity selection of desired clones. Here we discuss construction of cDNA libraries displayed on the phage surface, selective enrichment of clones and robotics-based high-throughput screening of enriched libraries.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a system to evaluate compound identity, purity, and concentration in a single experiment and its application in quality assessment of combinatorial libraries and screening hits.

The development and use of a new assay system for the simultaneous determination of identity, purity, and concentration of sample components from combinatorial libraries produced by parallel synthesis are described. The system makes use of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV/vis photodiode array (PDA), evaporative light scattering (ELSD), chemiluminescent nitrogen (CLND), and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) detectors (HPLC-PDA-ELSD-CLND-TOFMS). Although these detectors have previously been utilized separately for the analysis of combinatorial chemistry libraries, the use of TOFMS along with CLND provides a synergistic combination enabling target and side-product structures to be identified and their concentrations and purities determined in a single experiment from a solution containing microgram levels of material. The CLND was found to give a linear response based on the number of moles of nitrogen present. Therefore, if the number of nitrogens per molecule is known, the concentration of each nitrogen-containing sample component may be determined utilizing an unrelated co-injected standard. A molecular formula for an impurity may often be calculated from the exact mass determined by the TOFMS and knowledge of the chemistry involved. Thus, if the sample components contain nitrogen, the concentration of every identified HPLC peak may be determined even in the absence of primary standards. This combination of detectors enabled the characterization of both target compounds and byproducts in combinatorial libraries, allowing the optimization of library synthetic procedures. This system was also used to survey the quality of libraries, enabling the selection of the best libraries for screening. This method also facilitated the characterization of samples from combinatorial libraries found as hits in high-throughput screening to establish the potency of the leads based on their actual concentration. In addition, concentrations and potencies of impurities were determined after identification of their structures, utilizing exact mass data, determination of charge states, and knowledge of the synthetic chemistry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Security and crime in health sciences libraries in the southern United States.

Crime is a part of life that has become more evident in libraries through reports in journals, newspapers, television, and other media. As the result of a sharing session, a survey was conducted of the libraries composing the South Central Chapter of the Medical Library Association. This survey looked at the incidence of major and minor crimes in the libraries and their institutions; security measures, regulations, or policies that were in effect prior to these or having been initiated since; and the effect the crimes and/or security measures have had on the institution and its employees.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1975

Activities for a Regional Medical Library: a view of priorities by users and librarians.

Priorities are given for five major categories of regional medical library activities, with further ordering of some fifty specific activities, as determined through discussion with, and a questionnaire survey of, the advisory committee of the Midcontinental Regional Medical Library. These activity priorities are considered a working tool for formulation of objectives and development of plans, and do not include a consideration of methodologies for implementation. User and librarian responses are noted and some interpretive comments are made.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed2005

A survey of users and non-users of a UK teaching hospital library and information service.

BACKGROUND: The Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust was formed in 2002 with the merger of two existing trusts. The library services unified to create a new expanded service with 11 staff. OBJECTIVES: The librarians wanted to test out users' opinions of the service, as a basis for a developmental strategy. They also wanted to find out to what extent they were offering a multi-disciplinary service, available to all staff. Therefore it was decided to include both users and non-users in the survey. METHODS: A twenty-question questionnaire was sent out to a 10% sample of registered users in all staff categories. The same questionnaire was sent out to a 10% sample of non-users, with the help of the Human Resources Department. RESULTS: The library staff and facilities were generally well regarded. The stock needed expansion in various areas, especially allied health and biomedical science. Non-users were in fact often occasional or remote users. Other non-users needed informing that they were entitled to use the service. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required, especially concerning the information needs of allied health and scientific staff. There is a need for stock expansion. A marketing strategy is required to capture the interest of potential users.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1994

Trends in the use of DOCLINE and the OCLC ILL subsystem 1986-1992.

An examination of interlibrary loan statistics from 1986 through 1992 at the Health Sciences Library (HSL), State University of New York at Buffalo, revealed that the numbers of requests received via DOCLINE increased steadily over this period. Meanwhile, the numbers of requests received via OCLC rose from 1986 to 1989 but then declined steadily from 1989 to 1992. To understand and interpret these trends, a survey of various libraries that obtain material from HSL was conducted to collect data on their use of DOCLINE and OCLC. Analysis of the data confirmed that the use of DOCLINE was on the increase, especially in health sciences libraries, and that in some of these libraries requests for documents via OCLC were on the decline. The ratio of requests via DOCLINE versus OCLC ranged from 2:1 to 5:1. In the non-health sciences libraries that request from HSL, use of DOCLINE is minimal compared to that of OCLC.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2001

Expression of homeobox-containing genes in cDNA libraries derived from cattle oocytes and preimplantation stage embryo.

The homeobox-containing gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating, patterning, and axial morphogenesis in the developing embryo. But there is still very little known about the expression and function of these genes in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation stage embryos. In this study we have used degenerate primers corresponding to the highly conserved regions of Antennapedia class homeodomains as a rapid and an efficient method to survey bovine cDNA libraries derived from unfertilised oocytes, single 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst stage embryos for the presence of homeobox sequences. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence for the transcription of Hoxa3 and Hoxd1 in oocytes; Cdx1 and Cdx2 in the 2-cell; Cdx1, Hoxa1, Hoxd1, and Hoxd4 in the 4-cell; Cdx1, Hoxa1, and Hoxc9 in the 8-cell; Cdx2, Hoxb9, and Hoxc9 in the morula; Cdx2, Hoxb7, Hoxb9, and Hoxc9 in blastocyst stage cattle embryos. These are candidate genes for the developmental capacity of in vivo and in vitro produced bovine embryos.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Using a journal availability study to improve access.

PURPOSE: Identify journal collection access and use factors. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Health Sciences Library patrons. METHODOLOGY: Survey forms and user interactions were monitored once a week for twelve weeks during the fall 1997 semester. The project was based on a 1989 New Mexico State University study and used Kantor's Branching Analysis to measure responses. RESULT: 80% of reported sought journal articles were found successfully. Along with journal usage data, the library obtained demographic and behavioral information. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Journals are the library's most used resource and, even as more electronic journals are offered, print journals continue to make up the majority of the collection. Several factors highlighted the need to study journal availability. User groups indicated that finding journals was problematic, and internal statistics showed people requesting interlibrary loans for owned items. The study looked at success rates, time, and ease of finding journals. A variety of reasons contributed to not finding journals. While overall user reports indicated relatively high success rate and satisfaction, there were problems to be addressed. As the library proceeds in redesigning both the physical space and electronic presence, the collected data have provided valuable direction.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1984

Exhibits in health sciences libraries.

The exhibit policies and practices of health sciences libraries have been surveyed. This paper discusses the administration of exhibits, preservation of exhibited materials, and special practices and techniques used in developing and installing exhibits. Recommendations for safe display of materials are made.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Assessing and addressing the library needs of health care personnel in a large regional hospital.

A needs assessment survey was conducted by the Medical Library staff of St. John's Health System, Inc., in Springfield, Missouri, to document the library needs of non-physician health care personnel. The intended use of the survey was threefold: first, to collect baseline data from non-physician health care employees; second, to gather recommendations from both library users and non-users to be included in library planning and improvements; and third, to promote the library during the survey process. Study results, along with an implementation report detailing actions taken to enhance strengths and address weaknesses identified in the needs assessment survey, are presented. Opportunities for further investigation of library needs are also reported.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1970

An analysis of the demographic, educational, and employment characteristics of participants in the continuing education program of the Medical Library Association, Denver, Colorado, June 1968.

A survey was performed to elicit details about attendees of the continuing education program given in Denver at the 1968 MLA Annual Meeting. Factors considered included sex, age, geographic distribution, professional mobility, educational background, current jobs, and interest in further continuing education.

Colorado↗
PubMed2004

Phylum-specific environmental DNA analysis reveals remarkably high global biodiversity of Cercozoa (Protozoa).

This study presents the first 18S rRNA multi-library environmental PCR survey of a single protozoan phylum, Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith 1998, from a range of different habitats. Phylogenetic analysis reveals at least nine novel clades within the phylum, several possibly at the level of order or above. Further experiments are described to ascertain the true ecological and geographical distributions of some clades that might be inferred from the tree to be restricted in either or both ways. These results suggest that the diversity of cercozoan taxa may run into thousands of lineages, making it comparable in diversity to the largest better-characterized protozoan phyla, e.g. Ciliophora (ciliates and suctorians) and Foraminifera. New sequences of cultured Spongomonas, Metromonas and Metopion are also presented. In the light of these additions, and the increased taxon sampling from the environmental libraries, some revisions of cercozoan classification are made: the transfer of Spongomonadea from Reticulofilosa to Monadofilosa; the removal of Metopiida from Sarcomonadea; and the creation of the new order Metromonadida, currently containing the single genus Metromonas. Although Metromonas groups with weak to moderate support with Chlorarachnea, it is here placed in superclass Monadofilosa, to which it is morphologically more similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Hospital library service and the changes in national standards.

Two important sets of standards affecting hospital libraries were significantly revised in 1994, those of the Medical Library Association (MLA) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). As part of its continuing efforts to monitor library services within its region, the University of California, Los Angeles Biomedical Library, Regional Medical Library for the Pacific Southwest Region of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) conducted a survey in late 1994, in part to determine the effects of these revised standards on regional hospital libraries. Data from the survey were also used to provide a view of hospital libraries in the Pacific Southwest region, and to make comparisons with similar data collected in 1989. Results showed that while libraries remained stable in overall number, size, and staffing, services, especially those associated with end-user searching and interlibrary loan, increased enormously. With respect to the MLA standards, results show a high compliance level. Interesting differences were seen between the perceptions of library staff concerning their rate of compliance with the JCAHO standards and their actual compliance as measured by the MLA criteria. While some libraries appear to measure up better than their own perceptions would indicate, others may be fully aware of their actual compliance level.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Academic health sciences librarians' publication patterns.

This study examines the publication patterns of U.S. academic health sciences librarians. A survey was sent to a random sample of Medical Library Association (MLA) members who work in academic settings. Some survey results are consistent with other research while others vary from the findings of previous studies. Faculty status requiring publication may be an incentive to publish; however, a large percentage of librarians in this study published despite the lack of a requirement. Academic health sciences librarians without advanced degrees other than a master's in library science produced about three quarters of the publications, whereas their colleagues with advanced degrees published slightly more than 25% of the publications. Results concerning professional maturity, position, and geographic location reflect findings of earlier studies of academic librarians' publication patterns. Publication productivity generally increased with professional maturity, most authors held administrative or supervisory positions, and many lived in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States. The differences in rates of publication between males and females was not statistically significant after controlling for respondents' professional maturity and position. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1990

A murine fer testis-specific transcript (ferT) encodes a truncated Fer protein.

A cDNA for a potential tyrosine kinase-encoding mRNA was isolated from a mouse testis cDNA library. In a survey of eight mouse tissues, a transcript of 2.4 kilobases restricted to testis tissue was found. The mRNA encodes a 453-amino-acid protein of 51,383 daltons, the smallest tyrosine kinase protein ever described. RNA synthesized from the cDNA template directs the synthesis of a 51,000-Mr protein in a cell-free translation system. The carboxy-terminal 409 amino acids are 98 and 90% identical to the carboxy halves of the rat and human Fer proteins, respectively. This suggests that the cDNA represents an alternatively spliced testis-specific fer mRNA and is therefore termed by us ferT. On the basis of the appearance time of the fer mRNA in the testis of maturing neonatal mice, we speculate on the role played by this protein in the development of this organ.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

A survey of computer search service costs in the academic health sciences library.

The Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, has recently completed an extensive survey of costs involved in the provision of computer search services beyond vendor charges for connect time and printing. In this survey costs for such items as terminal depreciation, repair contract, personnel time, and supplies are analyzed. Implications of this cost survey are discussed in relation to planning and price setting for computer search services.

California↗
PubMed1989

A novel type of human alpha-amylase produced in lung carcinoid tumor.

A novel type of alpha-amylase was detected in a lung carcinoid tissue after surveying the cDNA library constructed from this tumor mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the amylase expressed in this carcinoid tumor has 13 and 6 amino acid substitutions when compared with salivary amylase (Amy1) and pancreatic amylase (Amy2), respectively. The nucleotide sequence homologies of cDNAs between this carcinoid amylase and amy1, amy2 are 97.5% and 98.2%, respectively. The nucleotide sequence comparison strongly suggests that this new amylase is the product of the amy3 gene that has been detected in human genome [Emi et al., Gene 62 (1988) 229-235]

Amino Acid Sequence↗