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PubMedDate not supplied

Contemporary issues in audiology: a hearing scientist's perspective.

Audiology has developed significantly over the last 30 years leading to better identification and assessment of hearing loss and better habilitation services for both children and adults with congenital or acquired deafness. Advancement in the profession and its services has been largely dependent on the technological development of key methodologies such as the auditory brainstem response and otoacoustic emissions. These methodologies have been used for the identification and assessment of the severity of hearing loss. As a result, these methodologies have underpinned the emergence of service development initiatives such as hearing screening and provision of hearing aids, particularly for newborn babies and young children. This review identifies, describes and evaluates the key methodologies and services involved and presents a hearing scientist's perspective on the developments to date. The aim is to provide state-of-the-art information to those working with children and adults with communication disorders, particularly speech and language therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Integrated psychotherapy in the project of the treatment of psychoses.

We present a model of integrated psychotherapy of schizophrenia. When we do an integrated therapy with a patient, attention must always be directed to the calibration of the interventions which constitute the therapeutic compound. This kind of calibration has to be done by a therapist with an integrative function. Experience and competence are necessary conditions, but not sufficient ones for carrying out such a function; the therapist must have also the authority which is due not only to his hierarchic role, but which has to be empathically recognized by the other therapists and the patient. The theoretical reflection has been possible only by starting from a clinical experience (the case of a young woman who in the light of the nosographical categories was considered an 'impossible patient') which allowed us to translate the clinical language into a conceptual form.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The state of the art of fetal magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the state of the art of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in China. DATA SOURCES: Both Chinese and English language literatures were searched in the databases of PUBMED (1998-2005) and CNKI (1998-2005), 41 published articles about fetal MRI were selected. RESULTS: Fetal MRI can serve as an adjunct tool for ultrasonography because of its excellent soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, multiplanar capabilities, large field of view and simultaneous visualization of fetal and maternal structures. Since the development of ultrafast MRI sequences provides faster scan time and avoids motion artifacts, it is widely applied in detecting normal or abnormal fetal development, including the central nervous system, thoracic region, abdomen and others. In China, experience in fetal MRI has been scanty, but the technique will be extensively used in the near future because of its multi-faceted advantages. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ultrasonography, MRI as a complementary imaging for fetal screening is prospective in China or other parts of the world because of its multiple superiorities.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral medication adherence among patients with HIV in Chennai, India: a qualitative study.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV is increasingly being introduced and utilized in diverse areas of the world. However, little research exists on adherence to ART in different cultural settings, particularly in developing countries such as India. This formative qualitative study examined barriers and facilitators of ART adherence among 60 (49 men, 11 women; 33 taking ART, 27 not currently taking ART) patients receiving HIV primary care at YRG CARE, a nongovernmental organization, in Chennai, India. The average participant reported becoming HIV infected through heterosexual transmission, was between 31 and 40 years old, had over ninth class standard education, was married, and generally had access to medical care; however, we obtained some qualitative data from various other risk categories. Trained ethnographers at the study site conducted in-depth interviews in the local language. These interviews were analyzed for content and ethnographic data. Almost all of the participants discussed the cost of ART as a barrier, with many reporting extended drug holidays, turning to family and/or friends, or taking drastic measures (i.e., selling family jewels, property) for financial assistance. Other barriers centered on privacy and stigma issues, such as disclosure of HIV inhibiting pill-taking and social support. Frequently discussed facilitators of adherence included perceived benefits of ART and proper adherence, perceptions about the consequences of nonadherence, and social support, if available. These data highlight the importance of reducing the cost of antiretroviral medications, involving family members in HIV care, and addressing privacy issues and stigma in counseling interventions in this setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Really, is medical sublanguage that different? Experimental counter-evidence from tagging medical and newspaper corpora.

We compare the performance of two part-of-speech taggers trained on a German newspaper corpus for mixed types of medical documents. TnT, a tagger based on a statistical language model, outperforms Brill's rule-based tagger, and supplied with additional lexicon resources matches state-of-the-art performance figures (close to 97% accuracy) on the medical corpus. We explain this unexpected result by focusing on the statistically significant part-of-speech type overlap between the newspaper training set and the medical test set. At least at that level, sublanguage differences seem to vanish. Thus, statistical off-the-shelf part-of-speech taggers can immediately be reused for medical language processing

Natural Language Processing↗
PubMed1985

[The therapeutic process in a patient with anorexia nervosa].

Described is the intrapsychic process in a male patient (33) suffering from mental anorexia. This patient had been treated for a period of 18 weeks on an inpatient basis and was released from the hospital in a distinctly improved condition. Kafka's short story and was released from the hospital in a distinctly improved condition. Kafka's short story "Der Hungerkünstler" (A Hunger Artist) is an introduction into the psychodynamics of the disorder. A description of the case history in the light of depth psychology, of the symptoms, the triggering situation, the personalita structure, and the cause serves to explain the "infantile pledge", the psychodynamic formula governing the experience as well as the behaviour of the patient. The healing process is presented in four stages and documented by means of pictures from an art therapy employed as an extension of the patient's individual psychotherapy. In the case presentation the patient is given the opportunity to communicate in his own language and pictorial means of expression in the manner of a patient-centered case history and healing process.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The education of speech-language pathologists in the United States of America.

The education of speech-language pathologists and audiologists is provided by over 250 colleges and universities at the master's and doctoral level. The educational programs for speech-language pathologists and audiologists consist of academic coursework, clinical education, and supervised experience. Coursework and clinical education include study in liberal arts and science and human communication in addition to study in all aspects of communication sciences and disorders, including cultural and linguistic diversity. The programs may take 2 to 3 years beyond the bachelor's degree. Audiologists will require a doctoral degree beginning in 2012. Educational programs are accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association. Individuals who wish so earn the Certificate of Clinical Competence from the American Speech-Language Hearing Association.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Checklist of perceptual-motor and language skills for developmentally handicapped preschoolers.

This report describes the development of a checklist of perceptual-motor and language skills which has been designed to identify specific skills and to estimate acquisition of skill in 21 developmentally delayed preschoolers. The preschoolers were administered the checklist at the beginning and end of the school year. Significant mean differences between early and late total checklist scores were obtained. The correlation between early and late total checklist scores was .97. The chief advantages of this checklist are the specificity of assessment and the ease with which it may be used by professionals and paraprofessionals.

Art↗
PubMed1982

The self: a nodal issue in culture and psyche - an Eastern perspective.

The self is central in life. It is a principle by which one, consciously or not, organizes one's personality and relates to the world. The "Eastern" self is conducive to an interdependent-holistic-centripetal psychosocial orientation, the "Western" self to an independent-individualistic-centrifugal orientation. They represent a polarity of thoughts on the nature and place of man. Cultural correlates and psychological implications of the Eastern tradition are discussed.

Art↗