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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The Tamil migratory cycle, 1830-1950].

The author examines international migration from the Indian State of Tamil Nadu during the period 1830-1950. "An attempt is made to interpret migration processes in terms of [the] migratory cycle. The cycle of migration streams is divided into three phases: perfect regulation, growing independence, government-controlled termination. These stages of the cycle correspond to the progressive constitution of a permanent migrant community in receiving countries. Such a pattern can help analyse other examples of international labour migration in the contemporary situation." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Asia↗
PubMed1991

East-West and European migration in a global context.

"There is currently a great deal of concern about character and dimensions of East-West migration to Europe. By seeing this movement and potential movement in a comparative and historical setting, some understanding of the overall dynamics of labour flows in a 150 year period is gained. Key worldwide migratory movements are identified, focusing particularly on migration from Europe to the colonies and the U.S. successive periods of migration to Europe and the contemporary and projected movements to Europe from the 'East' and the 'South'. The political and social status of the migrants is also assessed."

Demography↗
PubMed1996

The new gastarbeiter system in Germany.

"Germany's new gastarbeiter policy is evaluated in the context of a long tradition of labour recruitment, particularly the last period of active recruitment abroad (1955-1973). The policy's characteristic features (of permission to stay being dependent on a work permit; this being limited to a certain period and linked to the requirements of a specific employer) [imply] that the gastarbeiter regime is a low cost means of increasing flexibility in cases of regional and/or sectoral bottlenecks in the employment system as well as a way of ¿exporting' problems.... The mounting employment crisis in Germany has prompted the German government repeatedly to take advantage of provisions to restrict the conventions on labour movement."

Demography↗
PubMed1990

Counting Pakistanis in the Middle East: problems and policy implications.

"Using Pakistan as a case study, this article focuses on the difficulties of measuring both the outflow of workers over time and the stock abroad at any particular time. The various estimates of the number of Pakistanis in the Middle East are evaluated and an alternative estimate is provided based on hitherto unused data from two major surveys of returning workers. The alternative estimate differs substantially from the others, the difference being attributed principally to clandestine worker immigration. The concluding section discusses the policy implications of inaccurate information about the numbers of workers abroad and the likely effects of the current Persian Gulf crisis on Pakistan's economy."

Asia↗
PubMed1990

International labour migration from two Pakistani villages with different forms of agriculture.

"This paper is an analysis of the socio-economic situation of two Punjabi villages [in Pakistan]. It makes an attempt to explain why the villagers of these rural places have to seek work abroad. The first part of the paper deals with the agricultural conditions, the non-agricultural activities available to the villagers, and the budgets of different social categories found in the villages. The second part examines the effects of the process of migration on the young people. It particularly discusses the profile of the migrant, the problems faced by him before his departure, the remittances and their utilization, and the impact of emigration upon women's economic role in the villages and upon the traditional social conflicts. The important conclusion of the paper is that these villagers cannot ensure their social, economic, and cultural reproduction."

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

[Foreign immigration in Italy: levels, characteristics, and prospects].

"After a careful scrutiny of direct and indirect sources on immigration, the author presents a weighed estimate of foreign presence in Italy disaggregated at the regional level. The estimate is based on the analysis of several sources and on a number of plausible hypotheses which can be drawn from them.... The article highlights the importance of information on those immigrants 'regularized' on the basis of law no. 943 of 1986. From the analysis, carried out separately for two components (working permits and unemployment registrations), it clearly [demonstrates] the way in which non EEC foreign labour enters the Italian economic system and how it is heavily influenced by the weakness of the market in the Southern regions." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1991

[Moroccan migration to the Netherlands: the perspective from the regions of origin].

The author "presents an analysis of factors explaining Moroccan labour migration to the Netherlands since the 1960s, focusing on the history, ethnology, economy and socio-political structure of the Moroccan Rif.... The Rifians of Northern Morocco make up some 70 [percent of the] 150,000 Moroccans who have settled in the Netherlands. Labour migration to Western Europe evolved from a traditional pattern of circular migration within North Africa. Since the 1970s settlement in and migration to the Netherlands have become permanent features [in the] changing character of the region of origin. Traditional perceptions of push and pull factors no longer apply. The region has become dependent on migration and is not integrated into the Moroccan economy as a whole." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed1990

International labour migration in Nigeria 1976-1986: employment, nationality and ethnicity.

International migration trends associated with the oil boom and bust that occurred in Nigeria between 1976 and 1986 are analyzed. "Large numbers came from Ghana..., [and] Niger, Chad and Togo, whose countries were suffering from a mixture of drought, political instability and stagnant economies. The resultant labour market became segmented according to job skills, nationality and ethnicity...." The decline in the oil industry led to the expulsion of some two million aliens between 1983 and 1986, causing considerable friction between Nigeria and its neighbors. The author concludes that "the rise and fall of migrant labour in Nigeria and the political situation within the country were embedded in the changing regional political economy of West Africa and its linkages to the larger world capitalist economy." (SUMMARY IN GER)

Africa↗
PubMed1991

Emigration and wages in an open economy: some evidence from Pakistan.

"This paper examines the impact of labour emigration on the wages of both the skilled and unskilled workers....Using... Pakistani data, it is found that unskilled labour is used extremely intensively in the agriculture sector (exportable), skilled labour is used extremely intensively in the manufacturing sector (importable), and capital is used as the middle factor in both the traded goods sectors. Moreover, capital is used significantly less intensively in the construction (non-traded) sector relative to both the traded sectors.... The results suggest that the higher wages to both the skilled and unskilled workers must be compensated by a reduction in the rate of returns to capital if export-oriented and import-competing sectors in Pakistan are to remain internationally competitive."

Asia↗