Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Keratoconjunctivitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Conjunctival surface damage distribution in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. An impression cytology study.

Impression cytology was used to study the ocular surface of 32 eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Among these eyes, on the basis of the results of the Schirmer I test, two groups of eyes have been identified. The first group with Schirmer test less than 5.5 mm/5 min showed decreased concentration of goblet cells and increased cytoplasm/nucleus ratio on all the areas of the bulbar conjunctiva. The second group, with Schirmer test greater than 5.5 mm/5 min, showed similar changes to be localized in the interpalpebral bulbar conjunctiva only, while the eye surface protected by the lids was almost normal. These observations suggest a pathogenetic role of tear evaporation in eyes with tear film instability even in the presence of a 'theoretically' normal tear production.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog following 5-aminosalicylic acid administration.

1 Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is an inflammatory eye condition, affecting the cornea and conjunctiva, caused by a deficiency in the aqueous fraction of tears. The condition is relatively common in the dog with a varied aetiology. A number of drugs have been implicated in the production of KCS in the dog including salicylazosulphapyridine (sulphasalazine). 2 This paper details clinically evident KCS in a 12-month oral toxicity study with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), the therapeutically active metabolite of sulphasalazine. 3 The condition was first diagnosed at study week 22 and subsequently progressed both in incidence and severity. There was a distinct sex-difference in the response, with treated females being more affected than males. 4 There was a close correlation between the production of KCS and reduced lacrimation as assessed by the Schirmer tear test. 5 Although sulphasalazine causes KCS in dogs there have been no reports of ocular lesions of this type in man with this drug. It is highly probable that the dog is not a predictive model for man with regard to KCS induction by sulphasalazine or its metabolite 5-ASA.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of diagnostic tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca: lactoplate, Schirmer, and tear osmolarity.

We compared diagnostic tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in previously diagnosed patients and normal controls to determine the incidence of true negatives (specificity) and true positives (sensitivity). Tear osmolarity testing, the Schirmer filter paper test, and lactoferrin determination by the Lactoplate radial immunodiffusion (RID) method were performed in 20 KCS patients diagnosed on the basis of presenting symptoms and clinical examination. Similar determinations were performed in 20 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. Mean lactoferrin concentrations in the right eyes of the KCS patients and normal controls were 134 +/- 78 (+/- 1 SD) mg/dL and 118 +/- 56 mg/dL, respectively. Tear osmolarity was 323 +/- 12 mosm/L and 306 +/- 7 mosm/L, in KCS patients and normal controls, respectively. The Schirmer test yielded a mean of 2.4 +/- 1.8 mm/minute of wetting in the KCS patients and 3.0 +/- 1.4 mm/minute in the controls. Used as a diagnostic test, lactoferrin determination by RID was found to have 35% sensitivity and 70% specificity; tear osmolarity determination had 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity; and the Schirmer test yielded 25% sensitivity and 90% specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and corneal ulcers.

We reviewed the records of 56 patients (109 eyes) who satisfied our criteria for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to determine factors associated with the development of sterile corneal ulcers. The patient's age, sex, and associated local ocular surface and/or systemic disease were studied. We found a statistically significant association between the development of corneal ulceration and the presence of an underlying condition or disease state, especially chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Patient sex and age were not significantly associated with the development of corneal ulceration. We present three case histories that illustrate the complications that arise in managing KCS plus an associated disease and methods of management.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical ophthalmological tests for the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

According to the Copenhagen criteria for Sjögren's syndrome, the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca requires the performance of 3 objective ocular tests of which 2 should give pathological results. The tests presently in use are: Break-up time, Schirmer-1-test and Rose-Bengal score. A list of clinical ophthalmological tests has been established in order to enable various SS-study groups to compare results. The list has 3 groups, each containing tests evaluating mainly one characteristic function of the lacrimal system: Tear production, tear quality and ocular surface condition. The tests of the list have been evaluated in 10 1 degree SS-patients and in 10 incipient SS patients. The diagnostic sensitivity and the accuracy of various combinations of the 3 tests have been evaluated. It is suggested that SS-study groups should select one of the marked (*) tests from each group on the list, and that KCS should be defined present, when 2 of the selected 3 tests show pathologically changed results. (table; see text).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The lactoferrin test for the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in clinical practice.

Tear fluid lysozyme concentration, measured by means of the agar diffusion assay, and lactoferrin concentration, measured with radial immunodiffusion using the Lactoplate test, were determined in 112 persons in routine clinical practice. About one third of these persons had symptoms and signs compatible with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A good correlation was found between these tear proteins in the tear fluid in persons with normal tear function and in those with a tear function disorder. In 8%, false-positive and false-negative results were obtained, but the difference in associated values of lysozyme and lactoferrin concentration was small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Tear film osmolarity and ocular surface disease in two rabbit models for keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

We report the natural history of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in two rabbit models. The first one (full KCS model) was created by closing the lacrimal gland excretory duct, and removing the nictitating membrane and harderian gland. We created the second one (lacrimal gland duct only [LGDO]-KCS model) by closing the lacrimal gland excretory duct. Although tear film osmolarity was abnormally high in both models, it was higher in the full KCS model. Decreases in corneal epithelial glycogen and in conjunctival goblet cell density, and morphological abnormalities of the conjunctiva correlated with increases in tear film osmolarity and duration of disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with meibomian secretion polar lipid abnormality.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association between keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and meibomian gland lipids exists in patients with chronic blepharitis. METHODS: Meibomian gland lipids were collected from normal patients and those with chronic blepharitis. Some of the chronic blepharitis patients had an ocular surface abnormality with apparent aqueous deficiency similar to KCS. Lipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography and polar lipids were further separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography with detection by UV absorbance. Lipids were identified by retention time with comparison with standards and by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: A strong association between specific lipids and KCS signs was observed only with the polar lipids. Low levels of 2 phospholipids, identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin, were significantly (P < .05) associated with ocular surface abnormalities that were consistent with KCS. CONCLUSIONS: Evaporative KCS syndrome (rather than tear insufficiency) in many individuals may be the result of polar lipid abnormalities. We believe that the 2 associated phospholipids identified in the patients with chronic blepharitis act as important structural components in the polar phase of the tear film lipid layer. We suggest that a deficiency in these lipids results in a poorly structured polar phase that in turn affects the nonpolar phase. Ultimately water transmission through the tear film lipid layer increases, thus resulting in evaporative KCS. These results should aid in development of tear film substitutes directed toward specific abnormalities.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed1975

Is the lacrimal gland dispensable? Keratoconjunctivitis sicca after lacrimal gland removal.

A persistent, unilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed immediately after palpebral dacryoadenectomy in a healthy 43-year-old woman with normal eyes and tear function before the operation. The unoperated on fellow eye remained normal during a ten-year period. Eight similar cases are collected from the literature. On the basis of the presented cases, we believe that the main lacrimal gland is an indispensable element of the tear system, and the accessory lacrimal glands are unable normally to prevent tear insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Swimmer's goggles for keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Swim goggles with a moist chamber effect have been used successfully in seven patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca unresponsive to the conventional means of therapy including artificial tears, mucolytics, and occlusion of the puncta. The longest follow-up is three years, the shortest six months. There have been no complications, and in all cases the patients have been subjectively and objectively improved.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Cromolyn effects on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children.

A double-masked, coded trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the topical administration of 2% cromolyn sodium eye drops on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in 14 children. One eye of each patient was treated for one year with cromoly, the other eye with placebo. Cromolyn reduced the characteristic vernal keratitis, vernal corneal ulcers and plaques, and limbal edema and infiltrates but did not affect the number or size of the giant papillae. The drug's long-term topical use did not have any adverse side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Sterile corneal ulcers after cataract surgery in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Mild keratoconjunctivitis sicca can become dramatically worse after cataract extraction and result in corneal thinning and perforation. Anticipation of this problem can prevent it, but lack of recognition may result in permanent central scarring from ulceration, which responds slowly to treatment.

Bandages↗
PubMed1978

Osmolarity of tear microvolumes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Determinations of tear film osmolarity were performed to evaluate their usefulness in diagnosing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to evaluate the possible role of elevated tear osmolarity in this disorder's pathogenesis. Tear samples were obtained using a new technique that virtually eliminates the problems of reflex tearing and sample evaporation. The tear osmolarity of 36 samples obtained from 31 normals eyes averaged 302 +/- 6.3 (SD) mOsm/liter; 38 samples obtained from 30 KCS eyes averaged 343 +/- 32.3 (SD) mOsm/liter. The sensitivity of a single measurement was 94.7% and the specificity was 93.7%. Tear samples taken on separate occasions from one normal subject ranged between 295 and 309 mOsm/liter; those obtained from a KCS patient ranged between 312 and 424 mOsm/liter. Hypersmolarity of the tear film in KCS may play an important role in inducing the disease seen in the cornea and conjunctiva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Corneal histology after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Two years after typical signs and symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis developed in a 67-year-old woman, in whom locally effective steroids were not used for treatment, a lamellar graft was transplanted because of marked visual disturbances that were due to corneal opacities. Histopathology of the cornea revealed notable changes in the superficial stroma, including Bowman's membrane, with some lymphocytic infiltration of the stroma and the overlying epithelium. Electron microscopy showed no virus-like particles.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Tear osmolarity and ocular surface disease in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Tear osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining were studied in a group of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) before and after treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic saline to compare treatment with these two solutions and to ascertain whether tear film osmolarity could be correlated with ocular surface disease. When 20 KCS eyes were treated with isotonic saline drops every three hours for one week, the average (+/-SD) tear osmolarity decreased from 365 +/- 77 mOsm/L to 329 +/- 47 mOsm/L, and the average (+/-SD) Rose Bengal staining score decreased from 4.1 +/- 3.1 to 3.6 +/- 3.3. There was no objective difference between treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic solutions, in a double-masked comparison, however, four of five patients with diagnostically significant Rose Bengal staining preferred the half isotonic solution. There was a significant positive correlation between tear film osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Keratoconjunctivitis and soft contact lens solutions.

Three patients with soft contact lenses had acute onset of a red eye that clinically appeared consistent with an adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. The signs and symptoms cleared within five to ten days in all three patients. When the patients reinserted their lenses after their initial episodes, the same signs and symptoms again developed, including follicular conjunctivitis, punctate keratitis, and subepithelial infiltrates. All three were using preserved solutions for soft lens disinfection, and when switched to thermal disinfection with saline tablets, a recurrence of the syndrome did not develop when the lenses were replaced. This syndrome seems related to a toxic or allergic reaction to the preservatives in the contact lens disinfecting solutions. Similar patients who have an acute or chronic, red, irritated eye should stop their lens wear and later should change their disinfection technique to one that uses unpreserved saline solution to eliminate the problem.

Adult↗