Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Iowa”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The isolated bowel segment (Iowa model II): motility across the anastomosis with or without mesenteric division.

In previous reports, anastomosis has been shown to disrupt the myoelectric activity of the bowel. However, these studies have failed to delineate the role of the extrinsic nerves. Using an isolated bowel segment (IBS) and an amesenteric bowel segment (ABS), motility was evaluated by myoelectric recording across a bowel anastomosis. Ten rats were divided equally into the experimental group with the IBS and the control group with the ABS. In the IBS group, an 8-cm segment of jejunum was divided, reanastomosed, and coapted to the liver margin (Iowa model II). In the ABS group, an 8-cm segment of jejunum was coapted to the liver margin without disruption of bowel continuity (Iowa model II variant). Two weeks later, bipolar electrodes were implanted in the IBS and ABS, and normal jejunum in both groups. Mesenteric division (MD) was performed 4 weeks later to eliminate extrinsic innervation. Myoelectrical recordings were taken 2 weeks before and after MD. In the control group with IBS, incoordination in the propagation of the migrating motor complex (MMC) and reduction in the frequency of slow waves (FSW) were observed across the anastomosis and were unchanged by MD. In the control group with the ABS, the MMC and FSW were identical to that in the normal jejunum and were unaffected by MD. In both groups postprandial inhibition of the MMC was the same as in the normal jejunum and was unaffected by MD. This study confirms that incoordination in propagation of the MMC and reduction in FSW occur across a bowel anastomosis, and elimination of extrinsic innervation does not affect the autonomy of these changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

From bacteriology to biochemistry: Albert Jan Kluyver and Chester Werkman at Iowa State.

This essay explores connections between bacteriology and disciplinary evolution of biochemistry in this country during the 1930s. Many features of intermediary metabolism, a central component of biochemistry, originated as attempts to answer fundamental bacteriological questions. Thus, many bacteriologists altered their research programs to answer these questions. In doing so they changed their disciplinary focus from bacteriology to biochemistry. Chester Hamlin Werkman's (1893-1962) Iowa State career illustrates the research perspective that many bacteriologists adopted. As a junior faculty member in the Bacteriology Department in the late 1920s, Werkman faced a powerful professional dilemma: establishing a research identity that distinguished him from his colleagues with flourishing national and international reputations. His solution was to radically alter his research program from traditional bacteriology to a biochemistry program, which reflected the influence of the Dutch microbiologist/biochemist, Albert Jan Kluyver (1888-1956). Werkman was extremely successful in this career change. His laboratory made significant contributions to biochemistry, and Werkman achieved a notable degree of personal success. His career began in the shadow of his departmental bacteriological colleagues; within a decade he became the department's dominant research figure, as a biochemist. Werkman's personal success, however, had profound consequences for the disciplinary future of bacteriology at Iowa State.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed2005

Older adults as adaptive decision makers: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task.

Older adults process emotional information differently than younger adults and may demonstrate less of a negativity bias on cognitive tasks. The Iowa Gambling Task designed by A. Bechara, H. Damasio, D. Tranel, and A. R. Damasio (1997) has been used to examine the integration of emotion and cognition in a risky-choice decision task and may give insight into differences in the decision-making strategies in younger and older adults. Eighty-eight younger adults (18-34 years) and 67 older adults (65-88 years) completed the Iowa Gambling Task. Using a theoretical decomposition of the task designed by J. R. Busemeyer and J. C. Stout (2002), the authors found that both groups were successful at solving the task but used very different strategies that reflected each group's strength. For younger adults, that strength was learning and memory. For older adults, that strength was an accurate representation of wins and losses (valence).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Effects of the history of conduct disorder on the Iowa Gambling Tasks.

BACKGROUND: Recent research conducted with the Iowa Gambling Task (GT) suggests decision-making impairments in substance dependence, as well as behavior disorders such as conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, little is known about the past history of conduct disorder on decision making. The purpose of this study was to test the possible effect of past history of conduct disorder on GT performance and how this factor could contribute to the performance on GT in alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS: Four subject groups were tested: (1) alcohol-dependent patients with (n = 28) and (2) alcohol-dependent patients without (n = 28), a history of conduct disorder and (3) normal controls with (n = 10) and (4) normal controls without (n = 30) a history of conduct disorder. Demographic and alcohol-related variables were evaluated, and a decision-making task, "Iowa GT," both original and variant version, were applied. RESULTS: As a whole, normal controls with a history of conduct disorder and alcohol-dependent patients with or without a history of conduct disorder show impaired decision making because of hypersensitivity to reward and hyposensitivity to punishment. However, no significant differences were noted between alcohol-dependent patients either with or without a history of conduct disorder on gambling performance. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the history of conduct disorder may contribute to impaired decision making on GT. Furthermore, this kind of decision-making pattern may represent one of common underlying mechanisms in both conduct disorder and alcohol dependence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Iowa FICSIT trial: the feasibility of elderly wearing a hip joint protective garment to reduce hip fractures.

Hip fractures exact a heavy toll in the elderly population. While intervention strategies are being investigated to reduce the numbers of geriatric falls and to improve the body's resiliency, the geriatric population remains at risk for the mortality and morbidity associated with fractures. The Iowa FICSIT site is investigating the feasibility of passive protection of the proximal femur through the use of hip pads. The pad is designed to disperse throughout the pad the energy created in a fall. The focus of the Iowa trial is to determine if elderly will wear hip pads for the majority of their waking hours. Thirty subjects are being recruited from each of six elderly populations who are at high risk to fall and at increased risk of injury. To facilitate compliance, the following strategies are utilized: run-in period, graduated implementation, tailoring of wearing times, and self-report of compliance. Outcome measures include compliance rates and injuries sustained during falls.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1996

Use of species-specific oligonucleotide probes to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and M. iowae PCR amplification products.

Three digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes, complementary to the variable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and M. iowae were designed. The oligonucleotides were used in a dot blot hybridization assay. The target DNA is a 780-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of avian mycoplasmas amplified by a single set of primers (multispecies polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). The oligonucleotide probes were specific for their corresponding PCR products at hybridization conditions of 56 C and 50% formamide. The detection limit of the dot blot hybridization assay was approximately 70, 50, and 30 colony-forming units for M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and M. iowae, respectively, per 4 microliters of PCR. In general, the oligonucleotide probe dot blotting assay was a more sensitive and effective method of detecting PCR products than detection by gel electrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An empirical study of the reports of APA's peer review panel in the congressional review of the U.S.S. IOWA incident.

The U.S. House of Representatives Armed Services Committee (HASC) review of the US. Navy's investigation of the U.S.S. IOWA incident provides a case study of the problems with reconstructive psychological evaluations. The US. Navy attributed the explosion on board the U.S.S. IOWA to the intentional suicidal acts of Gunner's Mate Clayton Hartwig, a conclusion supported primarily by an Equivocal Death Analysis (EDA) conducted by the FBI. Systematic analysis of the reports of the expert panelists who consulted to the NASC reveals that 11 of the 14 panelists were critical of the conclusions reached by the Navy/FBI. There was considerable variability among the judgments of the panelists, who reached consensus only for broad categories. Because the reliability and validity of postmortem psychological reconstructions such as EDA and psychological autopsy have not been established, clinicians are urged to exercise caution in the use of such procedures and to be sensitive to ethical obligations to consumers when using such techniques.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

The USS Iowa disaster: success of the forensic dental team.

The authors record the contributions of dentistry to the identification of the crew members who were in one of the most significant peacetime military accidents in U.S. Navy history-the April 1989 explosion in a gun turret on the battleship USS Iowa and the deaths of 47 U.S. Navy personnel. Dental identification was the primary means of identification for most because a very high percentage of the bodies were burned or fragmented. The dental-identification team's success was a direct result of its preparedness, its use of dental personnel with mass-disaster experience, and the overall excellent quality of the antemortem dental records. The dental-identification team's successful involvement in the USS Iowa tragedy was considered a model for success and therefore was instrumental in contributing to the development of the American Board of Forensic Odontology "Guidelines for the Development of a Disaster Dental Identification Team."

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Status of the 1805 strain of Mycoplasma iowae (K component of serovar I,J,K, N,Q,R) and the SA strain of M. gallopavonis (serovar F).

Contrary to historical evidence, recent biochemical and serological studies have suggested that the 1805 strain of M. iowae (K component of serovar I,J,K,N, Q,R) and the SA strain of M. gallopavonis (serovar F) were members of the species M. gallinaceum. After examining three seeds of strain 1805 and an original seed of the SA strain, we present evidence to indicate that 1805 and SA are indeed valid members of the species M. iowae and M. gallopavonis, respectively. However, some seeds of strains 1805 and SA may contain M. gallinaceum. In the case of strain 1805, it is possible that the original seed may have contained M. gallinaceum.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Enucleation techniques: the Iowa implant.

The Iowa implant is a quasi-integrated implant with four mounds on its anterior surface. The rectus muscles are imbricated between the mounds, resulting in a socket with four protrusions that articulate with a custom-fitted prosthesis having four concavities. This imparts excellent motility and support for the prosthesis. This article describes the indications for enucleation, the Iowa implant, surgical technique, and postoperative complications.

Eye Enucleation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral challenge of turkey poults with Mycoplasma iowae.

Day-old poults were inoculated orally each day for 7 days with 0.2 ml of Mycoplasma iowae, strain D112, 10(8) colony-forming units/ml. Cloacal swabs were taken from each poult during the inoculation period and at selected intervals until 21 days after the last inoculation. Most poults shed mycoplasmas persistently after inoculation. Cloacal swabs from eight out of ten poults were positive at 21 days after the last inoculation. Feces of poults in the infected group were normal, and there was no significant rise in cloacal temperature. At necropsy, mycoplasmas were recovered from tissues of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and kidney. In the gastrointestinal tract, the most frequent recoveries were from the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine, cecum, and large intestine. Recovery of M. iowae from these organs and tissues indicated infection following oral challenge.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serologic evidence of infectious bursal disease virus infection in Iowa turkeys.

Two infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs)--a cell-culture-adapted chicken strain designated Edgar strain and a recent isolate from turkeys in Missouri--were used to assay sera from 10 Iowa turkey flocks collected between 1 and 16 weeks of age. The two viruses were serologically distinct in cross-neutralization tests. For all flocks, a similar serologic pattern was found consisting of (1) low maternal antibody titers to turkey IBDV and occasionally to Edgar strain IBDV between 1 and 3 weeks of age, (2) a period of very low or no detectable titers between 3 and 7 weeks of age, and (3) sharply rising high titers to turkey IBDV with low titers to Edgar IBDV beginning at 5 to 8 weeks of age. These findings indicate that infection with IBDV of the serotype represented in this study by the turkey isolate is common in Iowa turkey flocks, whereas infection with IBDV represented by Edgar strain is uncommon. Infection occurred between 3 and 7 weeks of age during the late brooding period or after birds had been moved to an intermediate growing facility. All flocks developed complicated respiratory disease with excessive mortality caused by Escherichia coli septicemia, typically between 3 and 6 weeks of age. Although there was a temporal relationship between IBDV infection and respiratory disease, the possible role of IBDV in the process is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron and light microscopy of selected avian strains of Mycoplasma iowae.

The morphology of six strains of Mycoplasma iowae was studied at various stages of growth by scanning electron and light microscopy. The six strains, which formerly represented avian mycoplasmal serotypes I, J, K, N, Q, and R, produced filaments and branching filaments, sometimes with centrally or terminally located bulbous swellings. During cell division, the filaments appeared to develop into chains of coccal, coccobacillary, and elongated cells. Mycoplasmas that appeared as chains of cocci under light microscopy were often observed as coccobacillary or fusiform when viewed with scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of single or paired cells of all strains included cocci, rods, coccobacilli, and pleomorphic forms. Fusiform and teardrop-shaped cells with bleb-like structures were also observed. Some cells of all strains deteriorated by the latter growth stages, forming clumps of flattened irregular-shaped cells, sometimes intertwined with fragmented filaments. The formation of filaments, branching filaments, and the other cell morphology indicated that the six strains of M. iowae were similar in morphology and growth characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Unexplained severe illness possibly associated with consumption of Kombucha tea--Iowa, 1995.

Kombucha tea is a popular health beverage made by incubating the Kombucha mushroom in sweet black tea. Although advocates of Kombucha tea have attributed many therapeutic effects to the drink (1-3), its beneficial and/or adverse effects have not been determined scientifically. During April 1995, cases of unexplained severe illness (including one death) occurred in two persons in a rural town in northwestern Iowa who had been drinking Kombucha tea daily for approximately 2 months. Based on the findings of a preliminary investigation by the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH), on April 10 IDPH issued a news release recommending that persons refrain from drinking Kombucha tea until the role of the tea in the two cases of illness had been evaluated fully. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases by the IDPH, CDC, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1976

Iowa wrestling study: weight loss and urinary profiles of collegiate wrestlers.

A longitudinal study was conducted with various members of the 1975 University of Iowa NCAA championship wrestling team to determine if excessive weight loss, accompanied by signs of dehydration, occurred at the college level of competition. Body weight changes from September to December indicated a mean loss of 6%, while skinfold totals (6 sites) changed from a mean of 58 mm to 37 mm. During a four-month period, mean weight losses of 10.2, 9.5, 8.0, 7.5 and 7.0 lbs occurred in intervals of 12, 4, 3, 2 and 1 day, respectively. Basal urines analyzed throughout the season usually contained 2-3 times the potassium excreted before the season started. Analyses of urines at various intervals during a 2-day time period prior to weigh-in showed a .003 increase in specific gravity, 160 mosm/1 increase in osmolarity, .10 decrease in pH, 45.3 mEq/1 decrease in Na+ concentration, and a 71.3 mEq/1 increase in K+ concentration which suggested that the wrestlers were dehydrated prior to competition. Total urinary electrolyte loss during the 2 days amounted to 3.7% of estimated total body Na+ stores and 3.0% of total body K+ stores. These data were similar to what had been reported for Iowa high school finalists and indicated that collegiate wrestlers were also competing while in a dehydrated state.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2000

Associations of general and abdominal obesity with multiple health outcomes in older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical guidelines on the health risks of obesity use body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and waist circumference, but the waist-hip ratio may provide independent information. METHODS: To assess the joint and relative associations of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with multiple disease end points, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 31,702 Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years and free of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, assembled by random sampling and mail survey in 1986. Study end points were total and cause-specific mortality and incidence of site-specific cancers and self-reported diabetes, hypertension, and hip fracture over 11 to 12 years. RESULTS: The waist-hip ratio was the best anthropometric predictor of total mortality, with the multivariable-adjusted relative risk for quintile 5 vs 1 of 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.4), compared with 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-1.0) for BMI and 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-1. 3) for waist circumference. The waist-hip ratio was also associated positively with mortality from coronary heart disease, other cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other causes. The waist-hip ratio was associated less consistently than BMI or waist circumference with cancer incidence. All anthropometric indexes were associated with incidence of diabetes and hypertension. For example, women simultaneously in the highest quintiles of BMI and waist-hip ratio had a relative risk of diabetes of 29 (95% confidence interval, 18-46) vs. women in the lowest combined quintiles. CONCLUSION: The waist-hip ratio offers additional prognostic information beyond BMI and waist circumference.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory symptoms: associations with pesticides, silos, and animal confinement in the Iowa Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project.

BACKGROUND: Farmers are at risk for airways diseases resulting from exposures which include organic agents and chemicals on the farm. Few data on airways disease and farm exposures are available from population-based studies. The Iowa Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project provided the opportunity to assess associations between symptoms of airway disease and several farm exposures, including pesticides, grain dust, animal confinement, and exposures from silos, in a population-based study. METHODS: A stratified two-stage cluster sample was used to provide a representative farmer sample from the state. Participants provided questionnaire responses concerning demographic, respiratory symptoms, smoking, and exposure information. Associations between farm exposures and airways disease symptoms were assessed in the 385 farmer participants using chi(2) analysis and logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and smoking. RESULTS: The most frequently reported respiratory symptoms were flu-like symptoms in connection with dusty work (22%), dyspnea (21%), and phlegm (15%). Current smoking was uncommon (13%). Among farmers, applying pesticides to livestock was associated with significantly increased odds of phlegm (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.02-3.57), chest ever wheezy (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 1.76-8.72), and flu-like symptoms (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.69-5.12) in models adjusting for age and smoking. Conventional vertical silos were significantly associated with increased odds of chest ever wheezy (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.23-6.12) and flu-like symptoms (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.31-4.37). There were also significant associations between several respiratory symptoms and the presence of animal confinement facilities on the farm. CONCLUSIONS: The association between insecticide application to livestock and symptoms of airways disease is a new finding that could lead to further study of specific airway responses and exposures associated with this practice. Results confirming associations between respiratory symptoms and conventional vertical silos may be important in future studies aimed at prevention and control of exposures in those farm buildings.

Aged↗