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PubMed1995

The ontogeny of Gaia: the role of microorganisms in planetary information network.

The Gaia theory states that the whole surface layer of the globe, including organisms, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, can be viewed as a self-evolving homeostatic system. Bacteria play a principal role in this formative process. This line of thinking should answer several questions: Is the biosphere simply a set of essentially selfish individuals, each testing its fitness? Is memory in the biosphere confined to genes? Is the composition of ecosystems and their behavior only kind of dynamic equilibrium? Or is there a huge amount of epigenetic information that enables organisms to interpret properly their situation and behave accordingly? It is suggested here that it is the information flow, rather than pure thermodynamics and natural selection, that enables living beings not only to "read" their environment, interpret their situation and behave accordingly to this understanding, but also to establish geophysiology, to become part of Gaia. This flow comprises genes as well as signals, diffusible as well as permanent. From an analogy with the situation in the multicellular organism, three types of information mediators inside the body of Gaia are suggested: ultrastructure, diffusible signals and gene flux. With a shared gene pool, intricate ultrastructure and quickly diffusible signals, it is legitimate to consider Gaia a superorganism with an ontogeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Health information networks: a coming trend?

Within the next five years, technological advances will offer hospitals a wide range of possibilities in communications. If communications systems are to be used properly, health care providers must decide which applications are most appropriate for their purposes, and what responsibilities must be met for their use.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practicing management and leadership: creating the information network for public health officials.

The Management Moment" is a regular column within the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. Janet Porter, PhD, and Edward Baker, MD, MPH, MSc, are serving as The Management Moment Editors. Dr Porter is Associate Dean for Executive Education, The North Carolina Institute for Public Health, School of Public Health, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Dr Baker is Director of The North Carolina Institute for Public Health, School of Public Health, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This column provides commentary and guidance on timely management issues commonly encountered in public health practice.

Information Services↗
PubMed1986

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome: setting up a practical information network.

AIDS is a highly emotive subject. From the outset the problem was tackled openly, looking at it from a professional and a public point of view. Initially the programme was intended only to protect staff and manage patients effectively. It rapidly expanded to delivery an educational message, which deals with all aspects of the AIDS problem, to virtually all members of the community. This should help allay unnecessary anxiety and enhance communication. The incidence of AIDS infection in North Lincolnshire is low--there have not been any cases recorded. In these circumstances it may seem the efforts have been excessive. However, it is hoped that both staff and public have been reasonably well prepared to face the problem and help prevent its spread should the need arise.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Incorporating vaccine-preventable disease surveillance into the National Health Information Network: leveraging children's hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: Development of national biosurveillance systems to advance regional and national data exchange among sites of clinical care and public health authorities is a top federal priority, creating the opportunity to develop a unified national network for tracking and responding to cases of vaccine-preventable diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the current practice and feasibility of developing a nationwide network of children's hospitals to conduct surveillance for vaccine preventable diseases. METHODS: In 2004-2005, Web-based surveys were sent to 506 key hospital personnel from 119 pediatric hospitals, identified by the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions. Surveys measured attitudes toward public health initiatives, willingness to join a surveillance network of children's hospitals, knowledge of mandated reporting requirements, methods of disease detection and reporting, and data sources available for surveillance. RESULTS: A total of 395 (78%) respondents from 119 hospitals completed the survey. Surveillance at pediatric hospitals is largely passive and driven by unreimbursed efforts of infection control staff. It is vulnerable to missing cases that occur in the outpatient setting and are diagnosed clinically without laboratory confirmation or are never diagnosed by clinicians. Nearly 90% of hospital leaders are interested in participating in public health programs, and most are interested in a national network to conduct active surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases, dependent on the provision of sufficient funding. Pediatric hospitals store records relevant to surveillance in an electronic fashion accessible to query, but <20% of these hospitals use automated methods to report cases of disease. CONCLUSIONS: There is both the will and capability to create a robust active pediatric hospital-based reporting system for vaccine preventable diseases. This effort would dovetail well with the national priority to bolster surveillance, as well as with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors: an information network controlling tissue growth, morphogenesis and repair.

The stimulation of cellular metabolism by the nine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) is mediated by a dual-receptor system. This comprises a family of four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFR) and heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG). The stimulation of cell division by FGFs has an obligate requirement for both partners of the dual-receptor system. The binding of the nine FGFs to the FGFRs is marked by a pattern of overlapping specificity despite alternative splicing events generating a large number of FGFR proteins. Thus many of the FGFR isoforms bind several FGFs. It is likely that each FGF requires a different pattern of sulphation within the heparan sulphate chains for binding. Therefore, the HSPG receptors may provide additional specificity, allowing a cell to fine tune its response to the FGFs present in the extracellular milieu. The HSPG receptors also control the availability of FGFs and hence regulate the transport of FGFs within a tissue. FGF-stimulated cell division would appear to have a mandatory requirement for the FGFs to be translocated to the nucleus via the cytosol after interacting with the dual-receptor system. The consequences of the potential direct action of FGFs in stimulating cell division are examined in the light of current models of signal transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The final report of the project 'AMINE' the Asia Pacific Medical Information Network using with ETS-V.

Volunteer groups led by the Tokai University School of Medicine and the Telemedicine Society of Japan (a Non-Governmental Organization) worked from 1992 to 1996 to successfully develop a medical network spanning the Asia Pacific region using the ETS-V Satellite. The effort was part of the Partners project, sponsored by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) and the National Space Development Agency of Japan. From 25 ground stations, links to the telemedical network were installed at medical institutions at no cost. The stations included five in Papua New Guinea, five in Thailand, four in Cambodia, four in Fiji, one in China, and six in Japan. Designed exclusively for medical applications, the network was operated free of charge for users at these sites. While the 16-kHz FM-based (Frequency Modulation-based) network limited applications to the transmission of color still images and audio and packet networking, the project still achieved impressive results. The network allowed liberal and independent use of international communications, local communications, teleconferences, and teleconsultations, without requiring a hub station.

Asia↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of the registry of toxic effects of chemical substances (RTECS) files and conversion of the data in these files for input to the environmental chemicals data and information network (ECDIN).

A data bank for environmental chemicals, ECDIN, is being developed at the Joint Research Centre of the European Communities in cooperation with universities and research institutes in the nine member states as a part of the Environmental Research Programme of the EC. During the pilot phase of the project, data from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances have been incorporated into the data bank. Conversions of the data into ECDIN input format was necessary before inclusion of the toxicity data in ECDIN, and the computer programs used for this format conversion have produced various statistics for the contents of the RTECS files. Analyses of the data in three editions of RTECS are presented.

Environmental Pollutants↗
PubMed2005

Information networks in the mammary gland.

Unique developmental features during puberty, pregnancy, lactation and post-lactation make the mammary gland a prime object to explore genetic circuits that control the specification, proliferation, differentiation, survival and death of cells. Steroids and simple peptide hormones initiate and carry out complex developmental programmes, and reverse genetics has been used to define the underlying mechanistic connections.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

From reactants to products via simple hydrogen-bonding networks: Information transmission in chemical reactions.

The transmission of information is ubiquitous in nature and often occurs through supramolecular hydrogen bonding processes. Here we report that there is a remarkable correlation during synthesis between the efficiency of the hydrogen-bond-directed assembly of peptide-based [2]rotaxanes and the symmetry distortion of the macrocycle in the structure of the final product. It transpires that the ability of the flexible macrocycle-precursor to wrap around an unsymmetrical hydrogen bonding template affects both the reaction yield and a quantifiable measure of the symmetry distortion of the macrocycle in the product. When the yields of peptide rotaxane-forming reactions are high, so is the symmetry distortion in the macrocycle; when the yields are low, indicating a poor fit between the components, the macrocycle symmetry is relatively unaffected by the thread. Thus during a synthetic sequence, as in complex biological assembly processes, hydrogen bonding can code and transmit "information"--in this case a distortion from symmetry--between chemical entities by means of a supramolecularly driven multicomponent assembly process. If this phenomenon is general, it could have far reaching consequences for the use of supramolecular-directed reactions in organic chemistry.

Chemistry↗