[Methodological aspects of psychiatric care for patients of general hospitals and outpatient clinics].
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BACKGROUND: Routine follow-up of breast cancer patients in specialist clinics is standard practice in most countries. Follow-up involves regularly scheduled breast cancer check-ups during the disease-free period. The aims of follow-up are to detect breast cancer recurrence and to provide psychosocial support to the patient; however, little is known about patients' views on breast cancer follow-up. AIM: To assess the effect on patient satisfaction of transferring primary responsibility for follow-up of women with breast cancer in remission from hospital outpatient clinics to general practice. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial with 18 months' follow-up in which women received routine follow-up either in hospital outpatient clinics or from their own general practitioner. Two hundred and ninety-six women with breast cancer in remission receiving regular follow-up care at two district general hospitals in England were included in the study. Patient satisfaction was measured by means of a self-administered questionnaire supplied three times during the 18-month study period. RESULTS: The general practice group selected responses indicating greater satisfaction than did the hospital group on virtually every question. Furthermore, in the general practice group there was a significant increase in satisfaction over baseline; a similar significant increase in satisfaction over baseline was not found in the hospital group. CONCLUSION: Patients with breast cancer were more satisfied with follow-up in general practice than in hospital outpatient departments. When discussing follow-up with breast cancer patients, they should be provided with complete and accurate information about the goals, expectations, and limitations of the follow-up programme so that they can make an informed choice.
The results of a 1978 survey of outpatient pharmacies in university-affiliated hospitals are reported. A questionnaire with 55 items was sent to 75 university-affiliated hospitals with outpatient clinics. Sixty hospitals responded. Of the 47 usable responses, 44 were from hospitals with outpatient pharmacies. The outpatient pharmacies served a mean of 163 patients/day, dispensing a mean of 295 prescriptions/day. Prescriptions from outpatient clinics accounted for a mean of 57% of the outpatient pharmacies' prescriptions. Only four outpatient pharmacies provided 24-hour, seven-day/week services; the remainder provided a mean 11.1 hours of service per day on weekdays. The mean number of full-time equivalent pharmacists employed in the outpatient pharmacies (2.9) correlated positively with the number of prescriptions dispensed daily. The straight-fee pricing system was used by 62% of outpatient pharmacies but pricing systems varied with the type of product dispensed. Computer services were used in 28% of the outpatient pharmacies but were restricted mainly to accounting and inventory functions. Only 15% of the outpatient pharmacies maintained patient profiles for all patients served, and only 21% conducted special patient education programs in drug therapy.
Questionnaires calling for answers of yes or no were tested in the field of family medicine (125 questions) and in a hospital outpatient clinic (164 questions). In the hospital, results were not given to physicians before evaluation of the patient. In family medicine, 3 328 positive answers were given by 200 patients (average 17), against 3 439 and 115 (average 30) respectively in the hospital. As compared with questionnaires, conventional case-reports missed two out of three symptoms or antecedents, many of which were important. Examples are given. Such omissions were more frequent in males, and in some, specialties. They were not less frequent in common diseases. Unexpectedly, omissions were all the more numerous that patients already had more diagnoses. Filling the questionnaire took an average of 3.5 seconds per question. The opinion of patients was usually favorable. The duration of consultations was slightly increased when using the questionnaires. Questionnaires were useful: to patients, by reducing risks of omissions, fatigue of physicians and disparities between physicians; to physicians, by reducing risks of lawsuits. Economic results are complex. Acceptability is discussed. The initial reluctance of physicians can be overcome. From this experience, the number of questions can be brought down to 89.
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A retrospective cross-sectional survey of 299 HIV-infected inpatients and outpatients was conducted between March 1999 and June 2000 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to define patient demographics and risk factors for HIV-1 infection, and to compare whether symptoms and opportunistic infections (OIs) differ by gender and site of patient care. The population represented one third of HIV-infected patients regularly receiving care at the Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE. Over one quarter (26%) of the men were soldiers and 27% were farmers or laborers. Eighty-nine percent of the men had visited sex workers, 29% of men and women had unsafe injections in the past, and 18% of women reported a spouse who was HIV-positive. Eighty percent of patients presented with weight loss more than 10% from baseline. Seventy-two percent of patients were diagnosed with two or more concurrent OIs or conditions. Oral candidiasis (p = <0.001), abdominal lymphadenitis (p = 0.03), and two or more concurrent OIs (p = <0.001) were diagnosed more often among men than women. Multivariate logistic regression shows that patients who presented with weight loss more than 10% from baseline are more likely to have one or more OIs or conditions. The results of this survey suggest that the primary risk factor for HIV-infected men presenting to this care facility was visiting sex workers. The pattern of OIs and other HIV-associated conditions indicated that the majority of patients delayed seeking care at the hospital. HIV physicians in Cambodia should be aware of the likelihood for multiple OIs or conditions when patients present weight loss more than 10% from baseline.
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Employee job satisfaction is an aspect of the working environment that is often overlooked. The literature suggests that people who are satisfied with their work may have a variety of positive influences upon an organization. The purpose of the study described in this article was to examine the relationship between organizational type (hospital, outpatient clinics and physicians' offices), hospital size and staff technologists' job satisfaction. A random sample of technologists from four southeastern states was used. The study results indicate that staff technologists in hospitals were significantly less satisfied with their jobs than those working in outpatient clinics and physicians' offices. There were no significant differences in the satisfaction of technologists working at hospitals of different sizes.
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