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Results for “Gold Colloid”

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PubMed1957

Electron microscopy of HeLa cells after the ingestion of colloidal gold.

Tissue cultures of HeLa cells were grown in media containing colloidal gold, and after various intervals, the cells were fixed, embedded, and sectioned for electron microscopy. Uncoated grids with small holes were used in many of the experiments. Intracellular particles of gold were identified in areas surrounded by single membranes, in moderately dense granules, in globoid bodies, and in the cytoplasmic matrix. Gold particles were not found in typical mitochondria, Golgi complex, ergastoplasm (granular forms of endoplasmic reticulum), or nuclei. The phenomenon of pinocytosis was considered to be the most likely means by which the gold particles were ingested, and the locations of gold particles appeared to have significance concerning theories that membranous organelles of the cytoplasm may be derived from the cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Interstitial radioactive colloidal gold therapy of the lateral pelvic nodes.

Since January 1955 radioactive colloidal gold has been used interstitially as an adjunct to radium therapy in the treatment of 48 patients with squamous cell cancer of the uterine cervix. In 40 cases the lesions were Stage I and in eight cases Stage II. Five in the series have died, all of them of advanced metastatic disease. Although our data are not extensive enough to warrant conclusions, from results to date we feel the method used is proving to be an effective weapon for control of most Stage I and II and some latent Stage III cancers of the cervix.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Problems in the production and use of 5 nm avidin-gold colloids.

Over the past 5 years we have encountered several problems in the production and use of 5 nm avidin-gold colloids for markers in electron microscopy. These problems include flocculation of colloids during reduction of chloroauric acid, insoluble gold pellets following ultracentrifugation, and non-specific binding of avidin-gold colloids to biological membranes. We are able to avoid these problems by: avoiding the use of crystalline chloroauric acid; succinoylating egg white avidin prior to adsorption on the gold sols; resuspending the pellets following ultracentrifugation in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5; and using the avidin-gold colloids within 4 weeks of production.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hen egg immunoglobulin Y in colloidal gold agglutination assay: comparison with rabbit immunoglobulin G.

Conjugation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from rabbit serum with colloidal gold for sol agglutination assay was conducted. Effects of various buffer systems on conjugation and stability of sols were studied. Colloidal gold assay for detection of human myoglobin and C-reactive protein was developed. It was shown that rabbit IgG had a poor stabilizing effect on colloidal gold sol and therefore that it cannot be effectively used in such assays. In contrast, hen egg immunoglobulin Y (IgY) had excellent stabilizing properties used in various buffer systems and in a wide range of concentrations. IgY was considered as a useful alternative for rabbit antibodies in gold sol agglutination assay.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1992

Autometallographic silver-enhancement of colloidal gold particles used to label phagocytic cells.

The present paper demonstrates that colloidal gold silver-enhanced by autometallography (AMG) can be used to label phagocytic cells for light microscopic detection. Cultured macrophages were exposed to 0.5 microliters 6 nm colloidal gold particles for 24 or 48 h. Other cultures were exposed to 25 microliters of the same solution for 1 to 14 days. The staining was found to be stable also when new unmarked cells were applied. The colloidal gold had no adverse effect on the cells. The presented technique might also prove valuable for estimation of the total number of phagocytes in a culture or in an organism by applying labelled cells to culture or organism, and to ascertain the fate of a population of marked cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Colloidal gold probes--a further evaluation.

Colloidal gold provides an immuno- and cytochemical marker suitable both for TEM and SEM. Various parameters involved in the preparation and stability of gold markers of various sizes and of probes have been reviewed and modifications in methodology suggested based on a study of factors affecting the performance of the gold marker system. In particular, dependence of protein adsorption on pH conditions correlating with protein pI is further confirmed. Presence of bioactive protein in gold probes is demonstrated and quantitated by radioassay (125I) and agglutination procedures.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1982

Transferrin endocytosis in reticulocytes: an electron microscope study using colloidal gold.

The endocytosis of transferrin by rabbit reticulocytes was investigated by electron microscopy using transferrin labelled with colloidal gold. This complex was shown to bind and donate its iron to the cells in a manner comparable to native iron-transferrin. After incubation at 37 degrees C approximately 70% of the transferrin-gold particles were located within endocytotic vesicles. Treatment of the cells with pronase, EDTA, metabolic inhibitors and heating to 46 degrees C inhibited the endocytosis. The uptake of colloidal gold complexes of albumin and concanavalin A were compared with that of transferrin. Little endocytosis of these proteins was observed. It is concluded that colloidal gold is a suitable label for the investigation of transferrin endocytosis and that the endocytosis is specific for transferrin and sensitive to the action of reagents which damage membrane receptors, alter membrane function or impair cell metabolism.

Albumins↗
PubMed2003

High-resolution backscatter electron imaging of colloidal gold in LVSEM.

High-resolution backscatter electron (BSE) imaging of colloidal gold can be accomplished at low voltage using in-lens or below-the-lens FESEMs equipped with either Autrata-modified yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) scintillators doped with cerium, or with BSE to secondary electron (SE) conversion plates. The threshold for BSE detection of colloidal gold was 1.8 keV for the YAG detector, and the BSE/SE conversion was sensitive down to 1 keV. Gold particles (6, 12 and 18 nm) have an atomic number of 79 and were clearly distinguished at 500,000x by materials contrast and easily discriminated from cell surfaces coated with platinum with an atomic number of 78. BSE imaging was relatively insensitive to charging, and build up of carbon contamination on the specimen was transparent to the higher energy BSE.

Electrons↗
PubMed1978

The detection of human B lymphocytes by both light and electron microscopy utilizing colloidal gold labeled anti-immunoglobulin.

Colloidal gold was used to label rabbit anti-goat IgG for the indirect detection of goat anti-human IgD and IgM. Utilizing this technique, surface immunoglobulin was visualized on human blood B lymphocytes at both the light and electron microscopic levels of resolution. By this technique, percentages of lymphocytes were found to closely correlate with those of the standard immunofluorescent procedure. The ease of the procedure along with the clarity of the marker in both light and electron microscopy suggest wide applicability in clinical and research studies of lymphocyte membrane markers.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1989

Rapid diagnosis in varicella and herpes zoster: re-evaluation of direct smear (Tzanck test) and electron microscopy including colloidal gold immuno-electron microscopy in comparison with virus isolation.

The Tzanck test and electron microscopy with the technique of colloidal gold labelling in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections were compared with virus isolation in 54 patients with clinically suspected varicella or herpes zoster infection. The Tzanck test and direct electron microscopy can determine whether or not an eruption is herpetic but cannot distinguish between herpes simplex virus (HSV) and VZV infection. However, colloidal gold immuno-electron microscopy, using monoclonal antibodies against HSV and anti-VZV IgG, can distinguish between these two herpes viruses. This achieves the same specificity as virus isolation followed by virus neutralization or virus typing using immunofluorescence techniques. The Tzanck test was positive in 91%, virus isolation, under optimal conditions of sampling and transportation, in 80%, direct electron microscopy (negative staining) in 80%, and colloidal gold immuno-electron microscopy after a virus concentration procedure in 95% of the cases. The colloidal gold technique offers a rapid diagnosis in patients with suspected VZV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A new method for producing a specific and high titre antibody against glutamate using colloidal gold as a carrier.

Antiserum against the glutamate was developed using colloidal gold as a carrier for the antigen. Glutamate was bound directly to colloidal gold without using cross-linking reagents such as glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, or carbodiimide. Repeated injection of the colloidal gold-glutamate complex into the rabbit yielded a specific, high titre antiserum. Specificity was verified by radioimmunoassay and histochemically with absorption controls. The antiserum immunohistochemically detected numerous glutamate-containing neurons in the rat brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The determination of lymph shed by colloidal gold scanning in patients with malignant melanoma: a preliminary study.

Colloidal gold radionucleotide 198Au scanning can demonstrate the direction of regional lymphatic drainage in patients with primary malignant melanoma. Each of 32 patients with primary melanoma of the trunk received an intradermal injection of 0.1 mCi of 198Au colloid around the primary melanoma site. Imaging was accomplished with a tomographic scanner 24 hours following the injection. Twenty-seven of these patients underwent 36 regional lymph node dissections; nine had nodal metastases histologically demonstrated in the area (s) of nucleotide uptake. In clinical evaluation of up to 55 weeks, no patients demonstrated regional lymph node metastases in node groups which did not show preoperative gold uptake. Early evidence shows excellent correlation between the route of regional lymph node metastases and the direction of lymphatic flow to regional node groups, as demonstrated by gold colloid scanning. This procedure may be useful for evaluating patients with histologically defined high risk melanomas situated on the trunk in areas which drain to one or more lymph node regions.

Gold Colloid, Radioactive↗