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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Therapy of a case of psychotic personality organization manifesting gender identity disorder.

The author relates his experience with a case of psychotic personality organization manifesting transsexualism spanning about 10 years. This paper presents the case and discusses the psychodynamics together with the course of therapy. The patient was a case of primary transsexualism who fell into hallucinatory-delusional states each time he seriously tried to become a woman. His transsexual wish was identification with his idealized grandmother image, for defense of his helpless and vulnerable self, and an attempt to reestablish his self which was facing a crisis of disintegration due to disorganization of his ego. Over about 4 years of psychoanalytic psychotherapy, the conflict between "becoming a woman" and "taking over as head of the house" was an integral issue. The psychotherapy was brought to a tentative conclusion by the patient giving up the idea of "becoming a woman" and deciding to "take over as head of the house".

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sex differences in strategy and performance on computerized neuropsychological tests as related to gender identity and age at puberty.

Neuropsychological sex differences have since long been under debate. Support for the relation between behavioral differences and biological variables like hormone influence is, however, emerging. Sixteen men and sixteen women, all university students, were tested with computerized neuropsychological tests (APT), the Bem Sexual Role Inventory, and asked about pubertal age. The results were in line with earlier findings of sex differences in neuropsychological tests, men being faster and women more cautious. The assumption that women tend to use left-hemispheric, verbal/serial strategies also in spatial tasks was also partly supported. In women, late onset of puberty was related to better spatial performance, and there were also more intercorrelations between verbal and spatial tests in the female than in the male group, indicating that women use less specific strategies (more g-factor intelligence) in problem solving, or that aptitudes are less compartmentalized in women than in men.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of male sex hormones on gender identity, sexual behavior, and cognitive function.

Androgens, the male sex hormones, play an essential role in male sexual differentiation and development. However, the influence of these sex hormones extends beyond their roles in sexual differentiation and development. In many animal species, sex hormones have been shown to be essential for sexual differentiation of the brain during development and for maintaining sexually dimorphic behavior throughout life. The principals of sex determination in humans have been demonstrated to be similar to other mammals. However, the hormonal influence on sexual dimorphic differences in the nervous system in humans, sex differences in behaviors, and its correlations with those of other mammals is still an emerging field. In this review, the roles of androgens in gender and cognitive function are discussed with the emphasis on subjects with androgen action defects including complete androgen insensitivity due to androgen receptor mutations and 5alpha-reductase-2 deficiency syndromes due to 5alpha-reductase-2 gene mutations. The issue of the complex interaction of nature versus nurture is addressed.

Androgens↗
PubMed2005

Couples' experiences of postnatal depression: a framing analysis of cultural identity, gender and communication.

Difficulties in communication have been associated with fathers' perceived lack of support for mothers suffering postnatal depression (PND). This paper investigates why the communication of the experience of PND is so difficult and considers how these difficulties might be linked, in part, to the diagnostic process. The study explores, through in-depth interviews, how six Australian couples talked about the new mothers' experience of mild to moderate PND. Framing analysis revealed discrepancies in the couples' explanations of the mothers' PND. The application of the concept of 'framing' has come to the study of mental health by way of Goffman's work on how experience becomes organised. Goffman used the technique of 'frame analysis' to identify and describe the taken-for-granted sociocultural elements that give meaning to a situation. This study identified that mothers and fathers used different frames, with mothers understanding their postnatal experience primarily from within an 'identity' frame and fathers understanding the mothers' experience primarily through a 'psychological' or 'physical hardship' frame. Implications for health service providers are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A nonspecific disturbance of the gonadostat in women with transsexualism and isolated hypergonadotropism in the male-to-female disturbance of gender identity.

Principal parameters of gonadostat function were determined in 15 female-to-male (F-M) and 7 male-to-female (M-F) transsexual patients (T), all homosexuals. The data were compared with normal heterosexual controls of the respective sex. Anamnesis revealed prolongation of the menstrual cycles in F-M patients, mainly in those taking previously medication with depot-testosterone. However, also in patients with no previous medication the basal body temperature chart revealed anovulatory cycles (all 4 examined patients). In 8 of 9 patients (82.2%) with no previous medication an elevation of serum testosterone was found (63-600 ng/dl). No disturbances in gonadal functions were found in M-F group (semen analysis), serum testosterone was normal (328-710 ng/dl) except 1 case with reduced testosterone level (200 ng/ml). Both women and men with transsexualism revealed significantly higher mean basal serum concentration of LH in comparisons to controls (F-M: 23.14 +/- 16.16 vs 7.56 +/- 4.23; M-F 15.30 +/- 6.49 vs 5.75 +/- 3.66). No changes in basal serum FSH concentration were present. GnRH test (100 micrograms i.v.) revealed decreased evocability of LH in woman with T and exaggerated LH response in men with T. FSH hyperresponse to GnRH was nonsignificant in F-M and significant in M-F T. It is concluded that F-M transsexualism is associated with nonspecific disturbances of gonadostat since hypergonadotropism coexists with the signs of impaired gonadal function. In M-F T and isolated hypergonadotropism coexisted with specific, increased sensitivity of the pituitary to GnRH.

Adolescent↗