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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized comparison study of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel and adapalene 0.1% gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris.

The efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.1% gel and adapalene 0.1% gel were compared in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in 145 patients with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. Both treatments were applied once daily in the evenings for up to 12 weeks. Compared with adapalene, treatment with tazarotene was associated with a significantly greater incidence of treatment success (> or = 50% global improvement) (78% vs 52%; P=.002) and significantly greater reductions in overall disease severity (P<.0001), noninflammatory lesion count (P<.0001), and inflammatory lesion count (P=.0002). In the early weeks of treatment, tazarotene was associated with transiently greater levels of burning, pruritus, erythema, and peeling compared with adapalene (P<.01). However, mean levels of these parameters were consistently less than mild in both treatment groups and, at the end of treatment, patients considered both treatments to be comparably well tolerated (the proportion of patients in each group who rated the comfort of their treated skin as comfortable or very comfortable was 76% with tazarotene and 69% with adapalene). Mean usage of study medication was 0.32 g per application of tazarotene and 0.42 g per application of adapalene, which resulted in cost-effectiveness ratios of $79.95 per treatment success for tazarotene and $107.88 per treatment success for adapalene. Sensitivity analyses suggest that these cost-effectiveness results are robust across a range of cost and efficacy assumptions. In conclusion, tazarotene 0.1% gel was more effective than adapalene 0.1% gel and was also a more cost-effective treatment option.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1990

Fast electrotransfer of human serum proteins in their native state from polyacrylamide thin gradient gels reinforced by textiles to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Rapid electrotransfer from thin gradient gels reinforced by textiles.

A fast electroblotting technique of native molecules electrophoretically separated in thin (0.25 to 0.5 mm) gradient gels, onto a high capacity membrane of polyvinylidene difluoride is described. Omitting methanol during transfer, the equilibration step is avoided and the same buffer is used in electrophoresis and transfer. As the gel reinforced by fabric never swells nor shrinks, and as all the bands are blotted, the transfer matrix exactly reflects the protein pattern of the original gel. Autoradiography is enhanced and electroelution is homogeneous in all parts of the gels. Significant improvement is noticed in binding proteins of molecular weight from about 20 kDa to more than 700 kDa, as suggested by complete electroelution of all native serum components.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of vitamin E gel, placebo gel and chlorhexidine on periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a topical 5% vitamin E gel, a placebo gel and chlorhexidine on established and developing plaque and periodontal disease in 48 adult subjects. Baseline data included Plaque Index, Gingival Index and periodontal probing depth. All data were collected by a single calibrated examiner using a double-blind methodology. One group of subjects applied 12 mL of a vitamin E-containing gel delivering 800 mg of alpha-tocopherol, another applied 12 mL of a placebo gel, and the final group rinsed with 0.5 oz of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. After two weeks, the clinical data were again recorded, and two quadrants were randomly selected and treated by root planing and scaling, with data collection repeated after both 4 and 6 weeks. Our results indicated that no significant effects upon plaque or gingivitis were obtainable in either the placebo or the vitamin E groups. However, use of 0.12% chlorhexidine significantly reduced plaque. These results do not support the use of vitamin E as a topical chemotherapeutic agent for the control of gingivitis or periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Double-blind method of using solcoseryl ophthalmic gel and 2,4% cysteine in ophthalmic gel in patients with chronic recurrent keratitis and keratitis sicca].

A double blind study with Solcoseryl compounds in ophthalmic gel and with 2.4% cystein in ophthalmic gel was performed in the period 1985-1988; it was used in 18 cases: with chronic recurrent keratitis (11 patients) and sicca keratitis (7 patients). Observed was the influence of these compounds on the epithelialization of the cornea, on the improvement of corneal transparency, the diminutation of the troubles connected with dessication of the eye in sicca keratitis. In spite of the small number of cases the observations were interesting. In patients with a chronic recurrent keratitis the influence of both compounds showed to be beneficial for the condition of the cornea. In patients with keratitis sicca one could observe a better tolerance of the Solcoseryl ophthalmic gel which could be applied for a longer period in comparison with cystein in gel.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1990

[Rheologic investigation of electrode gels. III. Study of temporal changes of gel structure].

In the publication consisting of 3 parts nine electrode gels have been investigated siú of them are used in hospital pharmacies of this country. Character and stability of gel structure have been studied and controlled by rheological methods. Structural forces have been numerically characterized with maximum and equilibrium viscosity, values of "M and B coefficients" and directional tangents of viscosity curves. Mechanical and thermal stability have been determined, changes for six months storing have been studied by means of all rheological parameters, respectively. Besides investigating rheological parameters electric conductivity values--which are important in respect of practical use of electrode gels--have been determined too. On the basis of results Carbopol "G" designated gel has been found to be the best its use has been proposed not only in supersonic tests but also in ECG.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of gel-to-gel and skin measurements of electrode impedance.

Utilizing an automated test system, measurements of the 10-Hz impedance were made with electrode pairs joined gel-to-gel and electrode quartets on the skin of the backs of human volunteers. Two skin preparation procedures were examined. As a minimum skin preparation, the electrodes were applied to clean, dry skin from which body hair had been shaved if necessary. As a maximal preparation, the electrodes were applied after mild abrasion of the skin with fine emery cloth. Although the impedances measured for electrodes applied to mildly abraded skin correlated well with measurements made with electrodes of the same brand joined gel-to-gel, virtually no correlation was found if the electrodes were affixed to clean, dry skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The use of a new gel matrix for the separation of DNA fragments: a comparison study between slab gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis.

TreviGel-500, a new polysaccharide matrix containing AgaCryl, commercially available as a powder for slab gel electrophoresis, is now being applied to the separation of DNA fragments in capillary electrophoresis. The capillary mode allows the use of one to two orders of magnitude lower mass fractions of matrix and approximately five to six orders of magnitude lower sample quantities than the slab gel electrophoresis counterpart for optimal separation of DNA fragments in the 100 to 2,000 base pair size range. In the capillary mode, this new separation matrix forms a semi-rigid gel that demonstrates enhanced selectivity for DNA fragments in the 1,000 to 7,000 base pair size range relative to alternative size-sieving polymer solutions. In addition, this matrix offers the advantages of lower toxicity than acrylamide. Comparisons are drawn between the use of this matrix in both slab gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments with respect to the mass fraction of the matrix in buffer, the buffer composition and sample loading or injection parameters.

DNA↗
PubMed1998

Adsorption and enzyme (beta-galactosidase and alpha-chymotrypsin): immobilization properties of gel fiber prepared by the gel formation of cellulose acetate and titanium iso-propoxide

We prepared a new composite gel fiber by the gel formation of cellulose acetate and titanium iso-propoxide. The fiber is harder than alginate gel; it is also stable in common solvents, phosphate solution, and electrolyte solutions over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10. The fiber shows amphoretic adsorption properties depending on pH, namely, it acts anionic with decreasing pH and cationic with increasing pH. However, the fiber had no adsorption property for a pyrogen endotoxin. The beta-galactosidase and alpha-chymotrypsin not retained in alginate gel were immobilized on the fibers by this method. The pH, temperature, and repeated run stabilities of the immobilized enzyme were compared to those of the native one. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Detection of DNA curvature by transverse pore gradient gel electrophoresis on PhastSystem gels.

It has been known since 1990 that DNA curvature can be recognized on transverse pore gradient gels by an intersection of "Ferguson curves" with those of DNA size standards. The miniaturized PhastSystem polyacrylamide gels allow one to detect DNA curvature effortlessly and fast and at great economy of sample relative to alternative methods of electrophoresis. Using the transverse gradient gel electrophoresis method, it was found that the 660 bp length subfragment of the matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence of the chicken lysosyme gene migrates as a fragment of 800-900 bp length. When subjected to digestion with the restriction enzyme HaeIII, the fragment gives rise to two species of 248 and 412 bp length, respectively. The Ferguson curves of both species intersect with those of DNA size standards, indicating that both exhibit curvature. Only the curvature of the 412 bp fragment conforms to prediction. Ethidium bromide abolishes the effect of curvature on the fragment, reducing its apparent size from 900 to 660, the value obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

An optimized procedure for detection of proteins on carrier ampholyte isoelectric focusing and immobilized pH gradient gels with imidazole and zinc salts: its application to the identification of isoelectric focusing separated isoforms by in-gel proteolysis and mass spectrometry analysis.

A method for the characterization of proteins separated by isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholytes (CA-IEF) or immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels by in-gel digestion and mass spectrometry is described. Proteins are detected by an improved imidazole-Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-zinc staining adapted for IEF and IPG gels. Sensitivity is close to that of mass spectrometry-compatible silver staining, but simpler and faster. Proteins were digested in imidazole-SDS-zinc stained CA-IEF and IPG gels in the presence of a zinc-chelating agent. Mass spectra were clearly interpretable as carrier ampholytes which were efficiently removed before digestion; high-sequence coverage that allowed isoform characterization was obtained by analyzing both the aqueous and the organic phase extracts.

Ampholyte Mixtures↗
PubMed2004

Photocontrolled gel-to-sol-to-gel phase transitioning of meta-substituted azobenzene bisurethanes through the breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds.

An azobenzene derivative substituted at its meta positions with two urethane moieties linked to two cholesteryl ester units forms a gel that exhibits sol-gel phase transitions upon photoirradiation as a result of trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit. During the sol-gel phase transitions, hydrogen bonds, which are partly responsible for stabilizing the gels, are broken or reformed. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we detected asymmetrical fibrous networks in the aggregates of these gelators.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

High yield elution of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels at the low-picomole level. Application to N-terminal sequencing of a scarce protein and to in-solution biological activity analysis of on-gel renatured proteins.

A simple, reliable procedure for practically quantitative (90-98%) and fast (< 30 min) elution of proteins from SDS-PA gels is described with reproducible recoveries in the range from 100 to 1 pmol per band, which does not require the inclusion of detergents in the elution buffer. It consists in the combination of (1) highly sensitive on-gel protein detection (50 mol per band) with imidazole-SDS-zinc (reverse staining), (2) crushing of the protein band to produce 32-micron gel particles, and (3) vortexing of the slurry in a solution of a zinc-complexing agent, e.g. glycine 0.5 M or EDTA 100 mM (100 microliters for a 100-pmol BSA band), at room temperature. Eluted proteins can be directly analyzed by RP-HPLC, quantitatively loaded onto a PVDF membrane, or, provided that they are previously renatured on-gel, analyzed by biological activity tests. The application of the procedure to in-solution enrichment of scarce proteins for N-terminal analysis is shown.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

DNA fragment size determination on agarose gel by using the application GEL.

We have developed an application to calculate double-stranded DNA fragment size on an agarose gel. This application is named GEL and is implemented for two different platform: MS-DOS and Macintosh. Both implementations allow entry of the relative migration distance of a DNA fragment of an agarose gel containing up to 20 different wells and up to 20 bands per well. Up to three different standards can be present on the gel, and the application will use the closest standard to calculate the fragment size. Both applications have a familiar user interface: the Turbo Vision interface for the MS-DOS implementation and the familiar Macintosh interface for the Macintosh implementation. In addition, the MS-DOS implementation has an extensive context on-line help.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Application of alginate gel as a vehicle for liposomes. II. Erosion of alginate gel beads and the release of loaded liposomes.

The possibility of producing calcium-induced alginate gel beads as a vehicle for liposomes was explored. The maximal loading of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes (ca. 26 nm in diameter) in a fully-cured bead (1.2 mm in radius, initial alginate concn. of 4%) was 2.9 x 10(-6) mol/bead or ca. 18%, and the size of the bead slightly increased with an increase in liposome loading. The liposomes were well maintained within both fully-cured and washed beads. The liposome release from the fully-cured bead was much slower than that from the corresponding washed bead in a pH 7.4 releasing medium. The greater the liposome loading, the faster the release of the vesicles. The liposome release was investigated in terms of liposome loading, swelling of the gel body, calcium discharge and gel erosion, using washed beads. The liposome loading did not affect the bead erosion or calcium discharge but did the initial swelling ratio and liposome release. The results suggest that the loaded liposomes are not uniformly distributed in the bead but are rather gradually concentrated to the center. Such an inhomogeneous distribution of liposomes is possibly due to the fact that the gelation occurred instantly on the surface of the droplets, and the resulting gel network or layer acts as semipermeable membrane for liposomes and forces the vesicles to move into deeper concentric sections as gelation proceeds to the interior. As the liposomes loading increases, the forced migration might be very limited because of concentrically decreasing extra room to accommodate the vesicles in the bead.

Alginates↗
PubMed2001

Randomized, controlled, bilateral (split-face) comparison trial of the tolerability and patient preference of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% for the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Poor patient compliance is one of the main reasons for treatment failure in acne. Our objective was to evaluate the tolerability and patient preference of adapalene gel 0.1% compared with tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% using a randomized, controlled, investigator-masked, bilateral (split-face), 4-week comparative study of the 2 products when applied once daily in 40 patients. We found that adapalene produced less stinging/burning than tretinoin at weeks 1 and 4 and, overall, more patients felt more skin irritation on the side of the face treated with tretinoin than on the side treated with adapalene (P<.05). At week 4, a significantly greater number of patients preferred adapalene gel 0.1% to tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% (72.5% vs 27.5%, respectively, P<.01).

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1989

A new mode of rotating gel electrophoresis for fractionating linear and circular duplex DNA: the effects of electrophoresis during the gel's rotation.

Linear and circular DNA have been fractionated by use of rotating gel electrophoresis (RGE; RGE is a form of pulsed-field gel [PFG] electrophoresis) in a mode not previously described. This new mode consists of electrophoresis while repeating the following two-step process: rotating the gel by 2 pi radians, followed by holding the gel motionless. With this new mode of RGE: (1) The fractionation by length of linear DNA is greater than that achieved without changing the direction of the field. (2) The simultaneous separation of open circular DNA (48.5-97 Kb) from linear DNA (1-180 Kb) and fractionation by length of open circular DNA is achieved. These latter separations have not previously been achieved by a one-dimensional electrophoresis. The mechanism of linear DNA's sieving in the new mode appears different from that of all previously described procedures of PGF electrophoresis.

Bacteriophage lambda↗