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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Pharmacological characteristics and side effects of a new galenic formulation of propofol without soyabean oil.

We compared the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of a new galenic formulation of propofol (AM149 1%), which does not contain soyabean oil, with a standard formulation of propofol (Disoprivan 1%). In a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study, 30 healthy volunteers received a single intravenous bolus injection of 2.5 mg.kg-1 propofol. Plasma propofol levels were measured for 48 h following drug administration and evaluated according to a three-compartment model. The pharmacodynamic parameters assessed included induction and emergence times, respiratory and cardiovascular effects, and pain on injection. Patients were monitored for side effects over 48 h. Owing to a high incidence of thrombophlebitis, the study was terminated prematurely and only the data of the two parallel treatment groups (15 patients in each group) were analysed. Plasma concentrations did not differ significantly between the two formulations. Anaesthesia induction and emergence times, respiratory and cardiovascular variables showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups. Pain on injection (80 vs. 20%, p < 0.01) and thrombophlebitis (93.3 vs. 6.6%, p < 0.001) occurred more frequently with AM149 than with Disoprivan. Although both formulations had similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles the new formulation is not suitable for clinical use due to the high incidence of thrombophlebitis produced.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Coil migration during endovascular treatment in a patient with Galenic arteriovenous malformation.

High flow arteriovenous malformations are commonly treated by using an endovascular approach with detachable coils. Although the risk of coil migration or distal embolisation into the venous system is almost always a consideration when treating these lesions, coil migration of a coil mass comprised of several coils is uncommonly seen, and not recorded. We report a case of Galenic arteriovenous malformation in a 22-year-old male in which coil migration was observed during the endovascular procedure. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Biological availability of spironolactone in two different galenic forms (author's transl)].

The biological availability of spironolactone in two different galenic preparations (Spiro-Tablinen and Aldactone-100 Caps) was investigated in a single-blind, randomised, cross-over study in six healthy probands. The serum concentration of canrenone after oral intake of spironolactone (100 mg) was investigated in the steady state as well as the renal excretion of canrenone. There were no statistically significant differences between the two preparations either in the course of the serum concentration of canrenone or in the cumulative renal excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fetal heart rate tracing with congenital aneurysm of the great vein of Galen.

A fetal heart rate tracing that is notable for decreased short- and long-term variability is seen in association with normal umbilical cord blood gas values. A great vein of Galen aneurysm is diagnosed in the neonatal period. This case exemplifies a central nervous system disorder that is present before labor and is associated with normal oxygenation of the fetus and an abnormal fetal heart rate tracing. The causes of diminished fetal heart rate variability are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pre- and post-operative CT scans of an infant with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen--a case report.

A five-month-old male infant presented with hydrocephalus and an intracranial bruit due to an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. Preoperative CT scans demonstrated the aneurysm, associated blood vessles, and the degree of hydrocephalus present. At operation the arteries feeding the aneurysm were obliterated. Post-operative CT scans showed that the greater part of the aneurysm was filled with thrombus. Information provided by the post-operative CT scans made it unnecessary to repeat the angiographic examinations which are more difficult and hazardous to perform in infants than in older subjects.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1983

Arteriovenous angioma of the vein of Galen causing cardiac failure in the neonate. Report on clinical and pathological findings in two cases.

Clinical details of two cases of arteriovenous angioma of the vein of Galen are presented. In one case a diffuse meningo-cerebral angiodysplasia was found at necropsy. Due to a large arteriovenous shunt both cases became apparent in the neonatal period by progressive and fatal heart failure as the main clinical feature. Increased head circumference and a loud cranial bruit suggested the final diagnosis. Improvement of diagnostic work-up by computerized axial tomography and two-dimensional ultrasound with less discomfort to the patient is emphasized.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Medieval descriptions and doctrines of stroke: preliminary analysis of select sources. Part II: between Galenism and Aristotelism - Islamic theories of apoplexy (800-1200).

This second paper on medieval descriptions and doctrines of stroke reviews concepts outlined by famous Muslim physicians of the Middle Ages such as Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, and Averroes. Contrary to a popular belief, Islamic neurological texts represent not only a bridge between ancient and western medieval medical knowledge, but also document remarkable advancements. Whereas statements on diagnosis and prognosis lack originality, the endeavors of physician-philosophers and medical authors led to substantial additions and important changes in theory. Such modifications include the integration of ventricular doctrine and particularly the attempt to unify Aristotelian and Galenic tenets which resulted in a complex discussion about the seats and causes of apoplexy. The fairly simple model handed down by Galenists of the Byzantine period was replaced by more detailed classifications, which proposed "cerebral" as well as "vascular" origins of the disease without suggesting a "cerebrovascular" etiology. Islamic therapeutic strategies included dietetic, pharmacological and surgical elements. The use of the cautery in "chronic apoplexy" was a special feature of Arabic surgery.

Arab World↗
PubMed2005

Between Galen, Geddes, and the Gael: Arthur Brock, modernity, and medical humanism in early-twentieth-century Scotland.

Arthur Brock (1879-1947) is generally remembered as the physician who treated poet Wilfred Owen for shell shock and as the translator of Galen and other ancient physicians. He was also a key figure in the early-twentieth-century humanist revival within medicine. Brock's interest in humanism, I argue, was inspired by a broader concern about modernity and by a desire to return medicine and society to the more harmonious, organic existence that he believed was characteristic of ancient Greece and could still be found among "primitive" peoples, such as the Scottish Gaels. This article explores Brock's anxieties about modernity and its relations to his interests in ancient and "primitive" peoples; to his medical thought and practice; to his interests in history, sociology, language, and translation; and to his involvement in the social and political life of Edinburgh and North Queensferry, where he moved in 1925. Crucially, it shows how all these interests and activities were influenced by Brock's mentor, Edinburgh polymath Patrick Geddes. The article concludes with a discussion of Brock's place in early-twentieth-century medical humanism.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1990

Interventional neuroradiological management of vein of Galen malformations in the neonate.

Since 1978, the authors have seen 14 neonates with vein of Galen malformations who were born with severe congestive heart failure. The 5 infants treated before 1983 underwent craniotomy and clipping of feeding vessels; all died in the perioperative period. Since 1983, 8 neonates have been treated with combined arterial and venous interventional neuroradiological techniques; 6 infants survived. Two-dimensional echocardiography, color Doppler flow imaging, and pulsed Doppler ultrasound were used to assess blood flow within the malformation before and after staged transluminal embolic procedures were performed. The results of the diagnostic studies and the clinical status of the infants were used to evaluate the success of embolic therapy and the need for further neuroradiological intervention.

Cerebral Veins↗
PubMed2005

The catheter and its use from Hippocrates to Galen.

PURPOSE: We comprehensively reviewed the history and use of the bladder catheter in Western medicine from 500 BC to 200 AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Greek and Latin texts were key word searched to identify descriptions of contemporary instruments and their uses. RESULTS: The catheter and its use were mentioned by about 10 ancient authors in more than a total of 20 texts dating to the end of the second century AD. The authors include Hippocrates, Celsus, Soranus, Rufus, Aretaeus and Galen. They described the use of the instrument in reference to contemporary anatomy and physiology, and indications and contraindications in regard to certain conditions, such as urinary retention, bladder stones and intravesical blood clots. Technical details and particularities of use were also reviewed, as were pharmacological considerations and underlying physical principles. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the urinary catheter, and its usefulness and risks in ancient medicine can be dated from the 5th century BC. Our study of European texts documents its broad use. Because catheterization was perceived as a practical measure, it generated little scientific controversy.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1990

Postpartum thrombosis of the great vein of Galen.

Severe fits occurred in a patient 52 hours after placental abruption. Early use of computerised tomography scanning enabled a definitive diagnosis of thrombosis of the great vein of Galen to be made. The case illustrates the point that not all fits in the early postpartum period should be attributed to eclamptic toxaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Multiple vascular malformation in the "blue rubber bleb naevus" syndrome: a case with aneurysm of vein of Galen and vascular lesions suggesting a link to the Weber-Osler-Rendu syndrome.

A case of Bean's syndrome is reported in which a wide variety of vascular malformations are illustrated. Among these were multiple arterio-venous malformations including a so-called vein of Galen aneurysm. A comparison of this case with those in the literature suggests that the pathology in patients with Bean's syndrome may be more varied than heretofore recognized, and that an overlap between this syndrome and the Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome may exist.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anesthetic management of a neonate with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations and severe pulmonary hypertension.

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) are rare congenital vascular malformations and excessive arteriovenous shunt causes intractable congestive high-output heart failure in the neonate. We report a case of successful staged transcatheter embolizations for a neonate with congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Heart failure was dramatically relieved as the staged procedure progressed. Although transcatheter embolizations is essential for the treatment, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) was helpful as a bridge treatment to reduce right-to-left shunt before the initial emergency embolization. Endovascular embolization is a less invasive therapy than open cranial surgery and allows hemodynamic stability. Perioperative iNO can be used to manage PH in VGAMs.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Transcranial color-coded sonography of a vein of Galen arteriovenous malformation in an adult.

The case of an adult harboring a vein of Galen arteriovenous malformation (VGAM) is reported. Diagnosis was established by computed tomography (CT) and digital subtraction angiography and confirmed afterwards by transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS). The patient's course after endovascular treatment was then consecutively monitored by TCCS until complete occlusion was achieved. The results of TCCS were validated by angiography, with which they showed good correlation. Thus, it can be concluded that TCCS may be a useful adjunct to CT and angiography to noninvasively monitor adults with VGAM.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Conditions for treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation associated with ectasia of the vein of Galen in the newborn.

The survival rate and subsequent quality of life has improved significantly for neonates with cerebral arteriovenous malformation associated with ectasia of the vein of Galen, with recent advances in interventional neuroradiology. Transarterial endovascular occlusive techniques have emerged as the treatment of choice. However, this treatment is technically very demanding and good results are seen only in institutions with large experience in treating this rare type of congenital malformation. The conditions for granting the neonate access to this sophisticated type of treatment include appropriate clinical and neuroradiological evaluation at the highest possible level, combined with the establishment of early communication with a trained interventional neuroradiological team capable of this treatment. Not all neonates are suited to this form of treatment, but only rapid, careful and competent treatment and evaluation of the neonate can assure appropriate pre-procedural evaluation in order to give each patient, wherever born, a similar and optimized chance of survival without unnecessary sequelae.

Cerebral Veins↗
PubMed1989

Aneurysms of the vein of Galen.

Six neonates with aneurysms of the vein of Galen are described: five were associated with an intracerebral arteriovenous fistula and presented with heart failure in the neonatal period; one had hydrocephalus at birth. Two infants died from intractable cardiac failure within 48 hours of age and two from progressive hydrocephalus and cardiac failure at 8 months and 8 years respectively. Two of the infants had copper coil embolisation of the aneurysm--one has since died of an intracerebral haemorrhage. The diagnosis of an intracerebral arteriovenous fistula should be considered in any infant presenting with unexplained heart failure. Close attention to the volume of all arterial pulses, and the venous pulse in the neck as well as auscultation of the head for a cranial bruit may suggest the diagnosis, which can then be substantiated by cerebral ultrasound.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed2003

Galen (AD 129-200) of Pergamun: anatomist and experimental physiologist.

Galen was a brilliant anatomist and pioneer of experimental physiology. His many important discoveries exerted a profound influence on medicine during the next 1400 years. However, his wish to solve all the problems of health and disease led him to speculate and draw mistaken conclusions which were widely believed until after the Renaissance.

Anatomy↗