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PubMed1988

[Fertility decline and consequences of the National Family Planning Program: an analysis of the achievements of family planning activities in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces].

Based on the census data of 1970 and 1980 for each province of Thailand, the present study has revealed that between 1960-1980, a rapid fertility decline took place in 17 northern provinces and 26 central provinces of Thailand. A similar rapid fertility decline also took place starting in 1975 in the 16 northeast provinces and in the 14 southern provinces. Levels and trends of fertility found in this study suggest that most of the districts in the northern and the central regions reached the replacement level or below by 1985, and that similar levels will be attained by 1990 for almost every district in Thailand. This paper also stresses the impact of the rapid fertility decline on development in Thailand during the past 20 years, and its consequences. Lastly, the present study suggests that, for the future, the most important step is to understand well the consequences of this astonishing rapid fertility decline. This knowledge will be vital for the country and its people.

Asia↗
PubMed1988

A dilemma in national population policy: evidence from Nigeria.

The population policies followed by the several governments of Nigeria since 1970 are discussed vis-a-vis the national development plans. The respective governments have not shown the political will to formulate policies that could be enforced to reduce fertility with the result that the population problem has become acute in the country. Even the little economic progress made has not resulted in the acceptance of contraception to a level that can produce an effective decline in fertility. Suggestions, taken into account the peculiar cultural problems of Nigeria, are made to have a successful conception control program for Nigeria.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

Changing population rates, policies and attitudes in Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.

This paper explores the relationship between population growth rates, government policies, and social attitudes in 3 regions: Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. The comparative success of family planning programs in certain countries of South Asia (most notably India and Sri Lanka) can be partly ascribed to their long tradition of government leadership. In addition, families in those countries have strong incentives to educate their children. On the other hand, in North Africa and the Middle East, high levels of urbanization have had antinatalist effects, which are offset by very low levels of girls' schooling and of female employment outside the home. In Sub-Saharan Africa, high fertility is sustained by the structure of the family, with its tendency to separate reproductive decision-making from responsibility for child-rearing. In addition, governments there have had a comparatively weaker tradition in areas such as family behavior.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

The effectiveness of family-planning programmes.

By the mid-1960s, countries that accounted for 66% of the population of developing countries had adopted policies designed to reduce their rates of population growth; by 1986, the corresponding figure had reached 78%. In the developing regions as a whole, fertility has fallen by more than 30% since 1950. Contraceptive use has risen sharply, and there has been more than 10-fold increase in the number of couples in developing countries who use contraceptives. There is a very strong association between use of contraception and fertility in developing countries. Social and economic modernization is also taking place, although quite unevenly in the developing regions, so that the relationship of modernization is fertility is not very easy to demonstrate. In general, the experience of the developing countries suggest that a strong family- planning program effort can, and does, lead to a more rapid fertility decline than would be likely based only on socioeconomic variables. The effectiveness of family-planning programs can be enhanced by increasing the range of choice of contraceptive methods offered. However, it is difficult to disentangle the various factors that contribute to the effectiveness of family-planning programs. The public sector is the main supplier of family-planning services in most developing countries, and there is no clear trend towards the reliance on the private sector.

Contraception↗