Intraocular cilia after penetrating eye injury.
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Child↗
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Swimming goggles and eye injuries.
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Adolescent↗
[Incidence and risk factors for eye injuries sustained at fairs: metal particles in the eye after a ride of dodg'em cars].
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of fair eye and its determinants. DESIGN: Inventory and case referent study. METHOD: All general practices (370) in the middle and south of Limburg, the Netherlands, were asked to report patients with a 'faireye' after having visited a fair in this region (population approximately 866,000) in a 6-week period during the late summer of 1997. Personal data of these patients were obtained by telephone interview. A case referent study was performed to establish the potential protectiveness of wearing glasses, lenses or a cap. RESULTS: 88% of the general practices responded. These reported a total of 40 patients with a fair eye. There were 41 fairs with dodgem cars during the observation period (a relation between dodgem cars and faireyes has been suggested). In the study area the incidence of fair eye was 5 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Of the 36 responding patients 26 (72%) were male, 97% were 10-19 years old, and 69% had had 11-20 rides in dodgem cars. Glasses (3%), lenses (0%), or a cap (6%) were rarely worn during the rides. The complaints related to the fair eye were: pain in the eye (64%), an irritated eye (42%), a red eye (41%), an inflamed eye (17%), tears (11%) and photophobia (8%). The odds ratio for wearing glasses or lenses in comparison with a sample of the general Dutch population, standardised for age and sex, was 0.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.69). CONCLUSION: With 5 per 100,000 inhabitants per year fair eye is a regular complaint in general practice in South and Middle Limburg. The metal particles involved probably come from dodgem attractions, which usually move weekly to another town or village between March and November. Wearing glasses or lenses is rare in patients with fair eyes. It is advisable to wear protective goggles when riding dodgem cars.
Accident Prevention↗
[Eye injuries caused by dimethyl sulphate].
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Accidents, Occupational↗
[Mycotic infections as possible complications in penetrating eye injuries].
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Adolescent↗
Baton twirling: another cause of eye injury.
Baton twirling is an increasingly popular sport, with an estimated 5000 participants in Scotland alone. The baton, weighing over 200 g, is spun at high speeds and frequently thrown over 40 feet (12 m) into the air. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl who sustained a serious eye injury after being struck by a baton. The occurrence of eye injury has not been reported in this sport, and we discuss the potential for injury.
Adolescent↗
Posterior perforating eye injury. Experimental animal model.
A technique has been developed which produces an experimental posterior perforating eye injury, that reproducibly results in traction retinal detachment. The standard injury is an incision through the pars plana with vitreous prolapse and incarceration; the wound is then carefully closed with microsurgical techniques. It appears that blood in the vitreous is an essential factor in the development of vitreous traction and of traction retinal detachment. The model is considered useful for further histological, electron microscopic, electrophysiological, and ultrasonic studies of posterior perforating eye injuries. In a controlled experiment, it will be possible to assess whether pars plana vitrectomy can interrupt the sequence of events leading to traction retinal detachment after posterior perforating injury.
Animals↗
[Eye injuries caused by traffic accidents].
Severe injuries of the eyes and the periocular region may happen to those people, not secured by a safety belt, while the head crashes against the windshield in case of a car accident. These injuries typically run across the nose, the front and the eyelids, while other parts of the face are often not involved. Besides these wounds, the eyes show corneal and scleral perforations, loss of lens and iris as demonstrated by some victims of traffic accidents. Studies have shown that the most serious head- and eye-injuries occur to people in a frontal collision, which is the most common type of collision. On the other hand, the risk to be injured at the head or the eyes in a frontal collision while using the safety belt is under 1%.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Penetrating eye injuries in children in Ibadan.
A retrospective study was carried out on 60 children under 12 years of age with penetrating eye injuries. This formed 28.7% of all penetrating eye injuries seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Corneal lacerations extending to the limbus was the main type of injury occurring in 65% of the patients. In all, 63% of the patient were males. Visual outcomes was poor in this age group with only 19.3% (11 patients) retaining good vision of 6/12 or better.
Accidents, Home↗
[Epidemiology of open globe eye injuries: analysis of 1026 cases in 18 years].
BACKGROUND: Ocular trauma has significant impact on the patient's future quality of life. Progress in the treatment of ocular trauma may ameliorate the outcome, but preventive measures are more effective. However, prevention of ocular trauma can only be effective when the current epidemiology of ocular trauma is known. Therefore, we have now collected data on ocular trauma over nearly 20 years. This paper provides an overview on the development of open globe injuries in the past 20 years. PATIENTS: The records of 1026 patients with open globe injuries who were primarily treated at the Universities of Freiburg and Würzburg between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1999, were sufficiently analyzed. The following parameters were evaluated: age, extent of injury, sex, cause. and activity at the time of injury. RESULTS: After correction for demographic distribution, the risk for open globe injury was highest for young adults and lowest for seniors. In recent years, the risk for severe eye injury is more equally distributed and is increasing for old people. We noted decreasing injuries at work and during traffic accidents, especially for young female front-seat passengers. On the other hand, we observed an increasing proportion of domestic eye injuries related to hobby activities. With increasing age we noted more posterior segment injuries. 9 % of all open globe injuries occurred among seniors (> 65 years old), but 41 % of all ruptures occurred in this age group. Preceding cataract surgery was identified as a risk factor. 38 % of injured persons in this age group had already had intraocular surgery. After the introduction of small incision techniques at the beginning of the 1990 s, the frequency of globe ruptures began to decrease again. 3.6 % of the injured eyes developed an endophthalmitis, in agricultural injuries the rate of endophthalmitis was 12 %. CONCLUSION: There is a relative constant incidence of 3.0 open globe injuries per 100,000 population. The circumstances of the injuries underwent major changes within the period of these observations.
Academic Medical Centers↗
Eye injuries in Canadian amateur hockey.
Two studies, one retrospective (1972 to 1973) and one prospective (1974 to 1975), CONcerning eye injuries incurred by hockey players were conducted by the Canadian Ophthalmological Society with questionnaires to its members. Responses to the questionnaires were analyzed by age, type of injury, cause (i.e., hockey stick, puck, or other means), and results to visual acuity. The results were also designated by organized or unorganized participation. Almost 300 eye injuries were reported in each study. In the first study, 13.7% of the injured players became legally blind as a result of the injury; in the second study, 16% became legally blind. Organized hockey produced more injuries than unorganized hockey. The majority of the injuries were caused by the hockey stick. The injuries were both intraocular and extraocular. The group of 11- to 15-year olds received the highest number of injuries, and the older age group had the higher incidence of blindness. Studies have led to setting more rigid standards, altering rules of the game, and selecting face protectors for hockey players. Older players who care for their equipment prefer the plastic shield face protectors, and the younger players (who complain of fogging and scratching of the plastic) prefer mesh protectors through which neither the stick nor the puck can penetrate. New high sticking (above the shoulder level) rules were included in the 1976 official rule book for Canadian amateur hockey.
Adolescent↗
Effective management of penetrating eye injuries in remote Australia.
In the transportation of patients with penetrating eye injuries, vomiting, hypoxia and infection are the main causes of serious ocular complications, and efforts must be directed at minimizing their occurrence. As long as definitive microsurgical repair is undertaken within 24 hours of injury, an optimal surgical result can be expected. In this paper full directions are given for the patient's immediate treatment. Accent is placed on careful and considered transportation.
Aircraft↗
Eye injuries in sport: an increasing problem.
A prospective study of ocular injuries sustained during sport, was performed from January to June 1987. A total of 84 eye injuries were seen. Of these, 23 were severe enough to necessitate admission to hospital. These latter accounted for one quarter of all severe eye injuries during this period. Racquet sports caused 42% of the injuries, and 57% of the hospital admissions, including two penetrating injuries. The importance of sport in causing eye trauma is increasing. It is crucial to encourage safer play, including the wearing of adequate eye protection.
Adolescent↗
Airbag-induced eye injuries: a report of 25 cases.
OBJECTIVE: To acquire a better understanding of airbag-induced eye injuries, 25 cases are reviewed and an attempt is made to identify the causal mechanisms associated with each injury. DESIGN AND METHODS: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Accident Sampling System for the years 1984-1994 was accessed to identify automobile accidents that included airbag deployment and injury to the ocular region. The search provided 25 such cases with detailed studies of the accident scene and medical records of the injuries. The cases were comprehensively reviewed to determine the casual mechanisms associated with each group of injuries. RESULTS: The study determined that the injuries range from mild corneal abrasions to retinal detachment. Causation for each injury was determined and is detailed. The injuries were grouped according to location within the ocular region, and the distribution is shown. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the injuries were induced by impact with the fully deployed airbag, but the more severe ocular trauma resulted from the actively deploying airbag striking the occupant. Thus, ocular trauma from airbags can occur in very minor impacts. Additionally, the left eye seemed more vulnerable to injury than the right. Nontethered airbags have greater inflation distances that tend to increase the probability of injury. External parameters that may also increase the severity of eye injury include an unfastened seat belt, sitting too close to the steering wheel, or wearing glasses.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Work-related eye injuries.
Twenty-one patients admitted between 1977 and 1982 to the Medical College of Virginia were studied retrospectively for work-related eye injuries. This group comprised 7.7% of all eye-injury admissions. Patients suffered both blunt and penetrating injuries; penetrating injuries had poorer prognoses. Twenty of the 21 patients had not worn protective eyewear. The average per-patient cost related to ocular injury was $2946, and the average hospital stay was 6.4 days. In contrast, the one patient who had worn protective eyewear had ocular-related costs and hospitalization of only $350 and a one-day stay. Protective eyewear is important in lessening the severity of injury as well as decreasing the financial and psychologic burden to the patient, hospital, and employer.
Adult↗
Eye injury: prevalence and prognosis by setting.
Although an estimated 1 million Americans suffer ocular injuries each year, the setting of injury and its prognostic implications have not been closely examined. Using data compiled by the Eye Injury Registry of Alabama (EIRA) from 514 cases of serious eye injury, we examined the demographics and prognosis of ocular injury by setting of injury. Work-related injuries accounted for only 28% of total injuries, and injuries occurring at home accounted for 27%, followed by situations related to recreation (25%), assault (11%), travel (5%), and "other" (school, unknown, etc) (4%). The poorest initial vision, poorest final vision, and highest rate of enucleation occurred in patients injured by assault, whereas the lowest rate of enucleation and loss of light perception was found in patients who had work-related injuries. Patients in the "other" category had the highest rate of return to 20/100 or better vision.
Accidents, Home↗
Perforating eye injuries in KwaZulu.
Data on 100 consecutive perforating eye injuries treated at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, were collected in order to evaluate some of the features of this condition seen in KwaZulu, and also to assess the outcome of current management. Fifty-six of the injuries were due to assault and 44 were accidental. Fifty injuries involved the anterior segment only, and 50 involved the posterior segment. Only 6 eyes achieved a final visual acuity of 6/12 or better, and 44 eyes ended up with no light perception. Factors contributing to the poor visual results in this Third-World situation include the severity of the injuries and the inadequacy of surgical management within the constraints imposed by limited facilities and expertise. More care is needed in selecting patients with posterior segment injuries, in whom useful ambulatory vision may be salvageable, for vitrectomy and retinal detachment repair. The criteria for such selection should include the nature of the injury, the visual acuity, the presence or absence of an afferent pupil defect, the extent of the injury found at the time of repair, the presence and extent of vitreous haemorrhage, and the findings on ultrasonography.
Adolescent↗
[Eye injuries in children aged 0 to 15 years. Apropos of 63 clinical reports].
Retrospective study of children eye injuries in 0 to 15 year-old children through a daily consultation over 4 years (from january 1986 to december 1989) in Yeelen Center in Sikasso (Mali) shows these facts: boys were more affected than girls; Children of 6 to 10 years were the most exposed; Eye injuries were more frequent and more severe in urban areas than in rural areas; the injuries of the lens, the hyphemas and the cornea were the most frequent and most strinking blind.
Adolescent↗