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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

European Community Concerted Action on HIV seroprevalence among sexually transmitted disease patients in 18 European sentinel networks. The European Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: Monitoring HIV infection in sentinel populations of sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients in several geographical areas. This paper describes the main characteristics of the study populations and compares HIV seropositivity rates within and between networks in different subgroups: homo-/bisexuals, intravenous drug users (IVDU) and non-IVDU heterosexuals. DESIGN: HIV testing is performed with informed consent in most networks. It is mandatory for STD patients in Hungary, while the English and Welsh, Scottish and French networks use unlinked anonymous testing. SETTING: Eighteen networks in 17 European countries are participating in the study. The networks usually consist of STD or dermato-venereology clinics. PATIENTS: Patients presenting at any of the clinic sites with a new episode of one or more of a selected list of 12 STD were eligible for the study. This study recorded a total of 36,827 STD episodes, registered between June 1990 and December 1991. HIV test results were known for 33,004 (89.6%) of the patients. RESULTS: HIV seropositivity rates were usually much higher for the homo-/bisexual and IVDU patients than for the non-IVDU heterosexuals. However, HIV-seropositive patients were found among non-IVDU heterosexuals in all but the Czech network. CONCLUSION: This Concerted Action has successfully launched an HIV sentinel surveillance programme among STD patients in 17 European countries using a standard methodology.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Aujeszky's disease and the European Community.

The situation as regards AD in the European Union in August 1995 is described. The territory has been divided into three zones comprising free regions, regions where eradication programmes are in operation and the remainder. The criteria used for defining these areas are described as are the movement rules applicable to movement into each zone. Considerable activity is now taking place to eradicate this disease and further progress is expected in the near future.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of the effectiveness of tobacco-control legislative policies in European Community countries.

The purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of anti-tobacco smoking legislation from 1948 onwards in reducing actual per capita tobacco consumption in the twelve countries of the European Economic Community (EEC). In order to undertake these assessments a score was assigned to every legislative measure, indicating the a priori likely impact of this measure on tobacco consumption. Two approaches were then utilized. In the first, it was found that the cumulative anti-tobacco legislative score correlates well in time with a reduction of tobacco consumption. In the second, cross-sectional data from the EEC countries and multiple regression modelling were used to estimate the elasticities of tobacco price, per capita income and cumulative anti-tobacco legislation score; it was found that legislation has an impact on tobacco consumption which, although considerably smaller than the corresponding impact of tobacco price levels, is nominally significant and potentially important. The evaluative approaches utilized in this paper are based on observational data of ecologic nature and can provide only weak evidence about the causal nature of the reported associations. Nevertheless, this limited evidence suggests that legislative measures may be effective both by affecting price levels and through other mechanisms, including health education and the formation of a more general anti-smoking ethos.

Europe↗
PubMed1994

[Residents originating from the member states of the European Community].

"On 1 January 1992 there were 725 thousand persons residing in the Netherlands who, with respect to their country of birth or their father's or mother's country of birth, had a 'European Union background'. Some 283 thousand of them were born in another Union member state. Among them, the 128 thousand people born in Germany were the most numerous." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗