Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EUGENOL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Synergistic effects of cinnamaldehyde in combination with eugenol against wood decay fungi.

The combined effects of using cinnamaldehyde with catechin, quercetin or eugenol against wood decay fungi were examined by comparing their isoeffective concentrations to that of individual compound. Among all combinations, cinnamaldehyde with eugenol revealed the strongest synergy against Laetiporus sulphureus. The synergism was due to the interference of fungal cell wall synthesis and cell wall destruction plus radical scavenging effect. Results also suggested that antioxidant with fungicidal effect might be a better candidate than pure antioxidant for the system of fungicide/antioxidant.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1999

Growth inhibition of Streptococcus anginosus (milleri) by three calcium hydroxide sealers and one zinc oxide-eugenol sealer.

The inhibition of growth of Streptococcus anginosus (milleri) by three calcium hydroxide sealers--calciobiotic root canal sealer (Hygienic Corporation, Akron, OH), Sealapex (Kerr Division, Sybron Corporation, Romulus, MI), and Apexit (Vivadent, USA, Amherst, NY)--was compared with a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer: Roth (Roth International, Chicago, IL). Sixteen brain heart infusion agar plates were inoculated with S. anginosus. Each plate was divided into five separate areas. In each area, a 0.1 ml droplet of a given sealer was placed such that each plate had five areas with the same sealer. There were four plates (for each of the four sealers) for a total of 20 observation areas to evaluate each sealer. The plates were incubated at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. After varying periods of incubation, the zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were observed and measured. Roth sealer had a statistically significant larger mean zone of inhibition than the calcium hydroxide sealers. However, all of the sealers exhibited clinically relevant antimicrobial activity. It is likely that the eugenol in the Roth sealer is responsible for its greater antimicrobial activity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Mechanisms of percutaneous absorption of tamoxifen by terpenes: eugenol, D-limonene and menthone.

The effect of chemical penetration enhancers (e.g., eugenol, d-limonene and menthone in combination with 50% ethanol) on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of tamoxifen through porcine epidermis has been investigated. The above enhancers significantly increased (p<0.05) the permeability coefficient of tamoxifen in comparison with the control (50% ethanol). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to investigate the biophysical changes in the stratum corneum (SC) lipids by the enhancer(s). FT-IR results showed that the treatment of the SC with enhancers did not produce a blue shift in the asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretching peak positions. However, all of the above enhancers showed a decrease in peak heights and areas for both asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretching absorbances in comparison with the untreated SC. A decrease in peak heights and areas is a measure of lipid extraction. Partitioning of tamoxifen to powdered SC from control and enhancer solutions was also determined. FT-IR and partitioning studies reveal that the enhancement in the permeability coefficient of tamoxifen by eugenol and d-limonene is due to lipid extraction and improvement in the partitioning of the drug to the SC. However, menthone enhanced the permeability of tamoxifen by increasing extraction of the SC lipids and not by improving the partitioning of the drug to the SC.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Authenticity assessment of estragole and methyl eugenol by on-line gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

On-line capillary gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used in the combustion (HRGC-C-IRMS) and the pyrolysis (HRGC-P-IRMS) modes to determine delta(13)C(PDB), delta(2)H(SMOW), and delta(18)O(SMOW) data of estragole (1) and methyl eugenol (2) originating from various sources. For 1, similar delta(13)C values, i.e., ranging from -35.4 to -29.9 per thousand and from -36.4 to -28.8 per thousand for the product of synthetic and natural origins, respectively, were found. The delta(2)H values ranged from -155 to -3 per thousand for synthetic 1 and from -193 to -105 per thousand for 1 from natural origin, whereas the determination of delta(18)O data gave values from +1.8 to +24.8 per thousand and from +2.7 to +18.7 per thousand for 1 from synthetic and natural origins, respectively. As synthetic 2 is produced by methylation of natural eugenol, the IRMS techniques did not allow differentiation of synthetic 2 from the product of natural origin. The recorded data ranges were nearly identical, i.e., delta(13)C = -37.4 to -35.0 per thousand and -41.1 to -32.2 per thousand; delta(2)H = -155 to -126 per thousand and -217 to -107 per thousand; delta(18)O = +5.5 to +6.6 per thousand and +2.7 to +6.9 per thousand, each for 2 from synthetic and natural origins, respectively.

Allylbenzene Derivatives↗
PubMed2005

In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and eugenol in peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes.

The essential oil obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) and three of its main components, eugenol, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, and linalool (representing 82.5% of the total composition), were tested in two in vitro models of peroxynitrite-induced nitration and lipid peroxidation. The essential oil and eugenol showed very powerful activities, decreasing 3-nitrotyrosine formation with IC50 values of 18.4 microg/mL and 46.7 microM, respectively (reference compound, ascorbic acid, 71.3 microg/mL and 405.0 microM) and also inhibiting the peroxynitrite-induced lipid peroxidation showing an IC50 of 2.0 microg/mL and 13.1 microM, respectively, against 59.0 microg/mL (235.5 microM) of the reference compound Trolox. On the contrary, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and linalool were completely inactive.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Improvement of table grapes quality and safety by the combination of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and eugenol, menthol, or thymol.

Table grape is a nonclimacteric fruit that shows a rapid loss of quality during storage and is very susceptible to colonization by fungi, especially Botrytis cinerea, which is considered the most important disease of this commodity. To solve this problem, synthetic fungicides have been used, although legal restrictions and consumer's concern demand the search of other safe means. In the present paper, and as an alternative of synthetic fungicides, an active packaging to improve MAP effectiveness on preserving table grape (cv. Crimson Seedless) quality and safety was developed by the addition of 0.5 mL of eugenol, thymol, or menthol inside the packages. Packages were stored at 1 degree C for 35 days. The final gas composition inside the packages was 1.4-2.0 and 10.0-14.5 kPa of CO(2) and O(2), respectively, with no significant slight differences among treatments. Results showed that the addition of eugenol, thymol, or menthol improved the beneficial effect of MAP in terms of delaying weight loss and color changes, retarding degrees Brix/acidity ratio evolution, and maintaining of firmness. Thereafter, these treatments showed additional benefit in terms of delayed rates of rachis deterioration and berry decay. Finally, the total viable counts for both mesophilic aerobics and especially yeast and molds were significantly reduced in the grapes packaged with the natural antimicrobial compounds. All of the above effects led to maintenance of table grape quality and safety for longer storage periods (3 additional weeks as compared to controls under MAP only).

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2006

Changes in membrane fatty acids composition of microbial cells induced by addiction of thymol, carvacrol, limonene, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol in the growing media.

Major active compounds from essential oils are well-known to possess antimicrobial activity against both pathogen and spoilage microorganisms. The aim of this work was to determine the alteration of the membrane fatty acid profile as an adaptive mechanism of the cells in the presence of a sublethal concentration of antimicrobial compound in response to a stress condition. Methanolic solutions of thymol, carvacrol, limonene, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol were added into growth media of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Fatty acid extraction and gas chromatographic analysis were performed to assess changes in membrane fatty acid composition. Substantial changes were observed on the long chain unsaturated fatty acids when the E. coli and Salmonella strains grew in the presence of limonene and cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol and eugenol, respectively. All compounds influenced the fatty acid profile of B. thermosphacta, while Pseudomonas and S. aureus strains did not show substantial changes in their fatty acid compositions.

Acrolein↗
PubMed2000

Use of supported liquid membranes incorporated in a flow system for the direct determination of eugenol in spice samples.

A method for the determination of eugenol in spice samples based on the use of supported liquid membranes coupled to a flow system was developed. The solid sample is placed directly in the membrane unit without any treatment and the analyte is extracted from the sample, passes through the membrane and is conducted to the flow cell by the acceptor stream. This stream flows through the detector, allowing the measurement of the analyte by using a PVC-graphite composite electrode, versus Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl at +0.3 V, placed in a well-jet flow cell as amperometric detector. The method allowed the determination of eugenol in the range 0.5-30 micrograms ml-1 with a relative standard deviation of 5%. Results provided by the proposed procedure when applied to clove and seasoning samples agreed well with those obtained by a reference method.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed1999

Influence of eugenol-containing temporary cement on efficacy of dentin-bonding systems.

Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cements are widely used as temporary filling materials. However, eugenol has earlier been shown to have a detrimental effect on both resin composites and dentin-bonding systems. The aim of the present in vitro study was to examine whether ZOE cement would also reduce the efficacy of relatively new dentin-bonding systems. This was done by determination of gap formation around resin composite fillings in dentin cavities and of bond strength of resin composite to enamel and dentin. The tooth surfaces involved were either freshly cut, or had been exposed to a ZOE cement (IRM) or to a non-ZOE cement (Cavit) for 7 d before application of a dentin-bonding system (Gluma CPS or Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus) and a resin composite (Z100). Gap formation was assessed in a light microscope on 20-min-old fillings and expressed as wall-to-wall contraction (the width of the maximum marginal gap in % of the cavity diameter). Bond strength was measured in shear on 1-d-old specimens. The mean values of wall-to-wall contraction were 0.06-0.09% with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus and 0.20-0.24% with Gluma CPS. The mean values of bond strength to enamel were 22-25 MPa for Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus and 20-23 MPa for Gluma CPS, and to dentin were 20-22 MPa for Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus and 13-14 MPa for Gluma CPS. The use of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus resulted in higher bond strength to dentin and less wall-to-wall contraction than did Gluma CPS. No differences were found in either wall-to-wall contraction or in bond strength between the three groups for either dentin-bonding system. Thus, the ZOE cement did not influence the efficacy of two relatively new dentin-bonding systems.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Cytotoxicity of resin-, zinc oxide-eugenol-, and calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers on human periodontal ligament cells and permanent V79 cells.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of three different types of root canal sealer on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and a permanent hamster cell line (V79 cells). METHODOLOGY: Set specimens from two resin based sealers (AH26 and AHPlus), three zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers (Canals, Endomethasone and N2) and one calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealapex) were eluted with culture medium for 1, 2, 3 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was judged using tetrazolium bromide reduction assay on human primary PDL cells and V79 cells derived from a Chinese hamster. RESULTS: The results showed that elutes from resin-based, zinc oxide-eugenol-based, and calcium hydroxide-based sealers were cytotoxic to primary human PDL cultures and V79 cells. Calcium hydroxide-based sealer was the least toxic sealer amongst the chemicals tested in both cultures. The cytotoxic response decreased in an order of N2 > Endomethasone > AH26 > AHplus > Canals > Sealapex. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of toxicity depended on the materials tested and the cell culture system used. Thus, the use of both permanent and primary cells is recommended for screening of the cytotoxic effects of root canal sealers. In addition, the results confirmed that root canal sealers constantly dissolve when exposed to an aqueous environment for extended periods, possibly causing moderate or severe cytotoxic reactions. Use of calcium hydroxide-based material as a root canal sealer initially may result in a more favourable response to periradicular tissues.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of zinc oxide eugenol-based, calcium hydroxide-based, and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers by comet assay.

Three main types of root canal sealer are currently commonly used in pulp treatment: zinc oxide eugenol-based, calcium hydroxide-based, and epoxy resin-based sealers. In the present study, the genotoxicity of sealer on oral carcinoma cells was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). The whole length of the comet and the diameter of the head were measured using an image analysis system. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to compare the various means. The zinc oxide eugenol-based sealers (Canals, Canals-N, and Tubilseal) did not always cause a dose-dependent increase in genotoxicity. The resin-based sealers (Topseal, AH 26, and AH Plus) caused a dose-dependent increase in genotoxicity, but no such effect was seen with the calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealapex). The highest level of DNA damage was induced by the resin-based sealers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Antiproliferative effect of mineral trioxide aggregate, zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and glass-ionomer cement against three fibroblastic cell lines.

An important requirement for dental materials placed in direct contact with living tissues is biocompatibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of three dental materials (mineral trioxide aggregate, zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and glass-ionomer cement) against a panel of established fibroblastic cell lines (L929, BHK21/C13, and RPC-C2A). The materials were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and were tested in insert wells for 12, 24, and 48 h. Cell number fraction was estimated by the sulforhodamine-B assay, in reference to controls. The degree of antiproliferative effect in ascending order was mineral trioxide aggregate, glass-ionomer cement, and zinc oxide-eugenol cement in all cell lines tested.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of zinc oxide and eugenol, and Vitapex for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate iodoform base materials for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth, and to compare them with traditionally used zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE). SAMPLE AND METHODS: Zinc oxide and eugenol and Vitapex (a premixed calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste) were compared for root canal treatment in 52 necrotic primary teeth in two groups of children with a mean age of 5 years and 8.4 months. All the patients were followed-up clinically and radiographically 3 months and 10-16 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The overall success rates of Vitapex and ZOE were 100% and 78.5%, respectively. Using Fisher's Exact Test, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both ZOE and Vitapex gave encouraging results. Vitapex, however, can be used more safely whenever there is a doubt about the patient's return for follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Surface alteration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by thymol and eugenol.

AIMS: This study aims to bring some information about the mechanism of the fungicidal action of thymol and eugenol; phenolic major components of thyme and clove essential oils respectively. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as yeast model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment of yeast cells with these components led to their lysis as shown by the release of substances absorbing at 260 nm. In addition, scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the surface of the treated cells was significantly damaged. CONCLUSIONS: Antifungal activity of thymol and eugenol involve alteration of both membrane and cell wall of the yeast. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work is a preliminary contribution aiming to develop a new generation of efficient and natural antifungal agents.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1976

Anesthetic action of methyleugenol and other eugenol derivatives.

A comparative study of four natural eugenol compounds found in the volatile oil fraction of Myristica fragans, namely eugenol (E), methyleugenol (ME), isoeugenol and methylisoeugenol, was carried out in mice. Using a mixture of saline + tween-80 to suspend the compounds and the intraperitoneal route, ME revealed to be the most active and the less toxic in inducing the loss of the righting reflex. ME was further compared with pentobarbital and with the synthetic E derivative, propanidid, using the intraperitoneal route in rats. ME anesthetized the rats more rapidly than pentobarbital; however, the duration of anesthesia was the same for both drugs. Propanidid was not active when injected through the intraperitoneal route. Rats under ME anesthesia could be more easily operated, showed less cyanosis, and recovered better than those under pentobarbital. When injected intravenously in rabbits, ME and propanidid showed equivalent anesthetic effects. Daily intraperitoneal injections of ME in rats and mice for up to 42 days, showed that the drug was not toxic and that the animals became more sensitive to the anesthetic action with repeating the injections. Similarly to pentobarbital, ME induced large amounts of slow wave activity in EEG of rats and did not change the total brain levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1981

Anesthetic, hypothermic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects of synthetic eugenol derivatives and natural analogues.

Nine newly synthesized eugenol derivatives were investigated in rats or mice as to their anesthetic, hypothermic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects. Additional pharmacological activity which appeared during the experiments is described. For comparative purposes, six naturally occurring eugenol analogues were included in the study. The results are further discussed as to possible structure-activity relationships between the test compounds and the four investigated effects.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1983

New anticonvulsants derived from 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (Eugenol): comparison with common antiepileptics in mice.

The anticonvulsant activity (ED50) of three synthetic eugenol derivatives - phenyleugenol (PE), benzyleugenol (BE), phenylethyleugenol (PEE) - was compared to that of common antiepileptics - diphenyl-hydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital (PB), diazepam (DZ) - and the naturally occurring methyleugenol (ME) in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced minimal seizure (s.c. PTZ) test. Neurotoxicity (ND50) and lethality (LD50) were determined in order to evaluate the protective index (PI = ND50/ED50) and the therapeutic index (TI = LD50/ED50). BE, PE and PEE are shown to be effective anticonvulsants by the MES test in mice with PIs equal to or higher than that of PB and DZ. Furthermore, BE and PEE were significantly more potent in rats than in mice. Experiments on ;the duration of protection revealed an immediate onset, a steady decline within the following 4 h and reappearance of activity 6-8 h after injection of PE, BE, and PEE but not ME. In the s.c. PTZ test in mice, the eugenol derivatives were active in increasing the latency to the first minimal seizure but less active in its prevention. As to the TIs, PEE showed a smaller margin of safety by the two tests than BE and PE. The latter compounds have high LD50s and consequently high TIs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Chronic urticaria due to dental eugenol.

A case is reported of a patient with chronic urticaria. The correlation between the symptoms and dental treatment gave rise to the supposition that a root canal cement was causing the trouble. A causal relationship with eugenol, a cement constituent, could only be established through provocative oral ingestion. There is a high probability that the oral provocation tests to eugenol are relevant. Nevertheless, caution is needed when dealing with chronic urticaria.

Adult↗