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PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived trends in operative dentistry skills: a 10-year comparison.

In this study a random sample of 357 members of dental examiner boards in the United States was surveyed to determine the perceptions of candidate ability on examinations for dental licensure. A response rate of 82% was achieved. Data from this survey were compared to a similar survey conducted 10 years ago. Analysis and comparison of these two surveys indicate that candidate ability in operative dentistry has continued to decline as perceived by dental examiners in the United States over the past decade.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Application of rapid prototyping to operative dentistry curriculum.

Computers are becoming an integral part of dental education and dental practice. Rapid prototyping is a technique for the production of solid objects from computer models. The variety of rapid prototyping devices and materials that can be processed is increasing all the time. In this article, the authors present a discriminative learning device and associated exercises for developing visual recognition skills and examine the potential for the application of rapid prototyping to the operative dentistry curriculum. Other rapid prototyping technologies as applied in dentistry are also discussed.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Operative dentistry: the missing clinical standards.

Since the development of advanced adhesive technology, the use of amalgam has declined significantly. The search for amalgam substitutes, i.e., restorative materials which maintain similar clinical function and cost-effectiveness as amalgam, has so far been unsuccessful. It has also become evident that a considerable confusion prevails regarding the objectives of restorative procedures. In absence of national and international standards, the products--the restorations--are assessed according to varied criteria. In placing restorations, three objectives are attained, at most: a) tooth preservation, b) tooth preservation and function, and c) tooth preservation, function, and imperceptible restitution. The learning objective of this article is to discuss the positive effects that could be attained by defining the standards, terminology, and the quality assessment criteria for operative dentistry in regard to the patients and the dental profession.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed2001

Advances in operative dentistry and fixed prosthodontics.

The rapid developments in biomaterials has led not only to improved materials but also to the development of clinical techniques made possible by these advances. Adhesive dentistry remains one of the fastest changing fields and this will most likely continue well into the next decade. Patients' aesthetic awareness and, to some extent, concern about amalgam has produced a growing demand for posterior tooth-coloured restorations. Originally this was met by ceramo-metal crowns and subsequently by the development of posterior composite resins. Recent development of stronger ceramics and better luting have now made all-ceramic restorations possible in posterior sites. Several new techniques for cavity preparation are emerging as alternatives to the conventional handpiece while the quest for amalgam alternatives continues. As with all recent developments there are, by definition, few long-term clinical data yet available to allow a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant materials and techniques. This paper is a summary of the most significant recent advances in fixed prosthodontics and operative dentistry.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1998

In vitro and in vivo adhesion in operative dentistry: a review and evaluation.

Dentin and enamel bonding agents (DBAs) were introduced in the early 1980s to prevent volumetric shrinkage of composite resins used as restorative materials, to ensure dentin and enamel marginal sealing, and to prevent the dislocation of restorations during occlusal loading of the tooth. Today, DBAs play an important role in cosmetic and aesthetic dentistry and have radically altered the performance of operative dentistry. This article identifies the mechanical and physical properties of DBAs that facilitate the bonding of enamel, dentin, and various other restorations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Toward a competency analysis of operative dentistry technique skills.

This research seeks ways to distinguish beginners from competent students based on the manner in which they perform. Five "beginner" students who had passed preclinical operative dentistry technique and six "competent" students one month prior to graduation were videotaped performing an occlusal amalgam preparation on #19 on a typodont. The tapes were scored for time in cutting the preparation and observing it and for "unproductive work" (nonfluencies). The number of changes from one operation to another and the use of instruments as aids in measurement were also recorded. Three processes were identified in every student's performance: rough outline form, making walls parallel and cavosurfaces level, and refinement. All preparations were scored as being clinically acceptable and indistinguishable in quality between the two groups. Beginning students required over twice as long to complete the preparation and changed operations more than twice as often as their competent classmates. Most of these differences between groups occurred in the third, refinement, process. Compared to beginners, competent students showed more evidence of using powerful, internalized schema to guide their performance, were smoother, and seemed less rule-driven.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2000

Irrigation rates and handpieces used in prosthodontic and operative dentistry: results of a survey of North American dental school teaching.

PURPOSE: A data baseline on dental cutting methodologies was established by means of a survey of North American dental school teaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four North American dental schools were surveyed regarding their recommendations on handpiece usage and coolant flow rates in fixed prosthodontics and operative dentistry. RESULTS: High-speed handpieces were the instruments of choice for tooth preparation in fixed prosthodontics. In operative procedures, recommendations for sole use of the high-speed, the low-speed, or both handpiece types were more uniform. CONCLUSIONS: North American dental schools advocate greater use of high-speed than low-speed handpieces. Although the use of high-speed handpieces predominate in schools in Canada and Puerto Rico, there is a proportionately higher use of low-speed handpieces than in US dental schools. Few (approximately 1 in 5) schools made recommendations on coolant flow rates during cutting procedures.

Canada↗
PubMed1989

[Antimicrobial action of dental materials used in operative dentistry: a review].

This is a review of the literature about the antimicrobial action of dental materials used in operative dentistry. There are referred to the usefulness of the antimicrobial action of dental materials, and to the methods used by the investigators for the study of the antimicrobial properties. The methods used were: the examination of the in vitro antimicrobial action of the materials against several microbes, The in vivo antimicrobial action of the materials against the microbes that are enclosed underneath them in dental cavities, where some carious material was left on the floor of the cavities. Some other methods, as so as the adsorption of microbes on the experimental materials, in vivo and in vitro. There are presented the results of a lot of investigators for the antimicrobial action of dental amalgams, composite resins, silicate cements, glass-ionomer cements, zinc-phosphate, zinc oxide-eugenol and polycarboxylate cements, calcium hydroxide bases and also for varnishes and liners, since the time of Miller (1890) up to now. From these researches we can come to the following conclusions: 1) All dental materials have some antibacterial activities against several microbes when they are freshly mixed. Their action reduces with the past of time. 2) The responsible antibacterial factors are unknown. May be more than one factors. 3) In clinical practice it is not known what material is better, because the conditions are different from tooth to tooth and from mouth to mouth. 4) More researchers are necessary for this purpose because the antibacterial properties must be regarded as a part of the other biological properties of dental materials and the recurrent caries may be inhibited because of the antibacterial properties of filling and base materials.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1975

Periodontal considerations in operative dentistry.

Periodontal and preventive considerations, other marginal fit and occlusion, are discussed as they relate to the fabrication of restorations in operative dentistry. The development of buccal, lingual, proximal, and transitional line contours is presented as related to maintenance of healthy periodontal tissues. Proximal contacts and marginal ridge relationships are related to food retention and arch integrity. The gingival attachment is described, as it determines certain techniques of tooth preparation and impression making.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

Analgesia for operative dentistry: a comparison of acupuncture and placebo.

Fifty-one volunteer patients participated in a study to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture as an analgesic for operative dentistry. For the twenty-six patients randomly assigned to an acupuncture group, needles were inserted through specially designed holders into the Ho-Ku points, located between the first and second metacarpals. An acupuncture pulse generator provided electrical current. For the twenty-five patients in a placebo group, the identical needle and holder arrangement was used. When inserted, however, the needles became embedded in plastic on the undersurface of the holders and did not touch the skin of the patient or receive any electrical stimulation. The patients and dentists were blind to this procedural variation. Analysis of ratings and responses indicated no differences in findings for the acupuncture and placebo procedures, with both having 100% success and high levels of patient acceptance. Since there was no electric current or penetration of the skin in the placebo group, the findings suggest that the successful use of acupuncture for restorative dentistry may be due to psychological and/or placebo effects in combination with a possible diminished need for analgesia because of the modern use of the high-speed drill.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

The role of closed circuit television in the teaching of operative dentistry.

Closed circuit television has been used in the Department of Operative Dental Surgery of the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne since 1966. The medium has played an increasingly important role in the teaching of technique courses, especially after 1978 when the large 80-place teaching laboratory of the newly-built Dental School was commissioned.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1980

Prediction of preclinical operative dentistry performance in two instructional methods.

This study evaluated the accuracy of manual and academic variables in predicting preclinical operative technique performance. In addition, it tested and compared two teaching methods and their effects on performance outcomes. Simple correlations and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. Although correlations were low, they were significant for predicting performance using the Perceptual Motor Ability Test (PMAT) of the Dental Admission Test (DAT). The treatment of the two groups showed that students with low or average two dimension (2D) scores on the PMAT benefited from an alternate teaching method in the preclinical operative technique course.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of two teaching simulations in preclinical operative dentistry.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a ceramic tooth would be as effective as a natural tooth in teaching preclinical operative skills. Subjects consisted of all second-year students enrolled in a preclinical inlay course. Students were classified into high- and low-dexterity groups, randomly assigned to one of the tooth simulators, taught the same four procedures, and asked to keep a log of the amount of time spent on each. All students participated in a practical examination that consisted of preparing a cavity for a gold casting using a resin tooth. There were no statistically significant differences between students who prepared natural teeth and those who prepared ceramic teeth for either the qualitative practical examination score or the amount of preparation time required. High-dexterity students achieved significantly higher scores on the practical than did low-dexterity students, whether practicing on natural or ceramic teeth. The MOD onlay required significantly more time to complete than did any of the other preparations on both natural and ceramic tooth simulators. Written evaluations of the ceramic simulators revealed that students perceived ceramic teeth to be as good or better than natural teeth because of their anatomic uniformity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Implications of recent dental health services research on the future of operative dentistry.

Recent dental health services research has shown that restorations often last only a few years and has suggested that the compromising nature of some basic operative skills is at least partly responsible. Further, gross inconsistencies of diagnosis and treatment planning exist among dentists, leading to a considerable lack of agreement about when restorative treatment is necessary. In the interests of high-quality dental care, some of the long-standing dogma concerning restorative dental services and attitudes toward them should be questioned. At the public health level, the dental profession should strive to find ways of achieving satisfaction with less emphasis upon restoring and re-restoring teeth so that dentistry will attract the public and remain fully relevant to their needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applications of high-speed confocal imaging techniques in operative dentistry.

All confocal scanning optical microscopes are suitable for making high-resolution images of many structures in teeth under near normal conditions. If the microscope can operate at high speed, then the number of applications widens considerably. The high-frame speed of the tandem scanning reflected light microscope (TSM) enables real-time examination of teeth in vivo, especially when the microscope is configured with a stabilising objective, featuring internal focusing elements. Experimental procedures examined microscopically on extracted teeth can include the cutting of the hard tissues, observation of fluid flow in dentine, the application of adhesives, and the fracturing of adhesive interfaces under load. Undertaking experiments where time is an important function has improved our knowledge of many of the materials/substrate interactions involved in dental operative procedures. Storing images on media other than video tape can be expensive, but reductions in the cost of computer memory is making digitisation and storage of images in real-time more widely available.

Dental Materials↗