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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Five viral peptide-HLA-A2 co-crystals. Simultaneous space group determination and X-ray data collection.

We prepared and crystallized five complexes of the human histocompatibility molecule HLA-A2 with peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T lymphotropic virus type 1, influenza A virus and hepatitis B virus proteins. Each HLA-A2 complex was refolded in vitro from insoluble proteins produced in bacteria; to crystallize, two of the complexes required seeding with microcrystals of another complex. Maintained at -160 degrees C, single co-crystals of each of the five peptide-HLA-A2 complexes yielded complete X-ray diffraction data sets to a resolution of approximately 2.5 A. After a sufficient number of diffraction peaks were acquired during data collection, the direct analysis of integrated intensities established the point group of the co-crystal, thus allowing an efficient data collection strategy to be designed. The subsequent examination of systematic absences revealed that the five peptide-HLA-A2 co-crystals formed in space groups P1, P2(1), or P2(1)2(1)2(1). Molecular replacement structure solutions yielded unambiguous protein electron density maps, thus confirming the space group determinations. The system of obtaining HLA-A2 co-crystal structures described here is applicable to other crystallographic problems where structures of several related molecules from uncharacterized single crystals are required.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

The 1996 National Pilot Data Collection Project of the Association of Schools of Allied Health Professions.

In summary, it is evident that there is a great need for the collection of much more definitive data. I believe these data are essential to those in decision making positions and ASAHP would be an appropriate organization to collect and disseminate these data. I would urge you all, when you receive a survey from ASAHP asking for manpower related data, to be certain that the survey is completed, is accurate, and is returned. We will try to insure that the instructions are clear and precise. Perhaps we need to make our data collections state specific. We certainly need to include information regarding the level of managed care in each institution's area so that we can begin to examine the effects of managed care on the placement of our graduates. I also believe it is important to identify trends in employment because this makes possible rational decisions about program size and discontinuation and also insure the provision of programs that will benefit our graduates and the communities we serve. Although data from this survey were not presented in this article, the author would like to express her profound gratitude to Ms. Soon Merz, Director of Institutional Research and Planning and Ms. Amy Rhoads, Associate Director of Institutional Research and Planning at Kansas University Medical Center for their considerable work in analyzing and summarizing the data.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed1998

Stationary crystal diffraction with a monochromatic convergent X-ray source and application for macromolecular crystal data collection.

A diffraction geometry utilizing convergent X-rays from a polycapillary optic incident on a stationary crystal is described. A mathematical simulation of the resulting diffraction pattern (in terms of spot shape, position and intensity) is presented along with preliminary experimental results recorded from a lysozyme crystal. The effective source coverage factor is introduced to bring the reflection intensities onto the same scale. The feasibility of its application to macromolecular crystal data collection is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies.

Researchers have increasingly turned to mixed-method techniques to expand the scope and improve the analytic power of their studies. Yet there is still relatively little direction on and much confusion about how to combine qualitative and quantitative techniques. These techniques are neither paradigm- nor method-linked; researchers' orientations to inquiry and their methodological commitments will influence how they use them. Examples of sampling combinations include criterion sampling from instrument scores, random purposeful sampling, and stratified purposeful sampling. Examples of data collection combinations include the use of instruments for fuller qualitative description, for validation, as guides for purposeful sampling, and as elicitation devices in interviews. Examples of data analysis combinations include interpretively linking qualitative and quantitative data sets and the transformation processes of qualitizing and quantitizing.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1993

Structured data collection and knowledge-based user guidance for abdominal ultrasound reporting.

This paper describes a system for structured data collection and report generation in abdominal ultrasonography. The system is based on a controlled vocabulary and hierarchies of concepts; it uses a graphical user interface. More than 17,000 reports have been generated by 43 physicians using this system, which is integrated into a departmental information system. Evaluations have shown that it is a well accepted tool for the fast generation of reports of comparatively high quality. The functionality is enhanced by two additional components: a hybrid knowledge-based module for "intelligent" user guidance and an interactive tutoring system to illustrate the terminology.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System: design, questionnaire, data collection and response rates. PRAMS Working Group.

The birth certificate, the primary tool for population-based surveillance of the condition of infants at birth and maternal status during pregnancy, provides little data about maternal behaviour during pregnancy. To collect data on maternal behaviours that influence pregnancy outcome, we implemented the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in seven states. For this population-based surveillance, new mothers were sampled from birth certificates 2 to 6 months after delivery and contacted by mail; follow-up of nonrespondents was by telephone. Participants completed a 10-page questionnaire. Stratification permitted over-sampling of women with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among 10,563 women sampled during 1988 and 1989, stratum-specific response rates ranged from 30% to 89%. In 11 of the 28 strata, response rates were greater than 70%. Response rates varied considerably between states. Rates were lower for Black mothers, mothers of low birthweight infants, unmarried mothers and mothers with less than 12 years of education. Active refusal to participate and undelivered mail occurred infrequently. Mail and telephone surveillance of new mothers can yield adequate response rates in selected population groups. Trials of alternative approaches to enhancing response among Black and disadvantaged mothers, such as additional mailings or post-partum in-hospital recruitment, are needed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1999

How accurate is in-patient smoking status data collected by hospital admissions staff?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of self-reported in-patient smoking status data collected by admissions staff. METHOD: Smoking status of new inpatients was recorded on to the computer registration screen. Urine samples collected from the patients (n = 167) were analysed for the presence of cotinine. RESULTS: Only 63% (95% CI 46%-81%) of the patients classified as smokers on the basis of urinary cotinine levels were recorded as smokers on the computerised record created by hospital admissions staff. CONCLUSIONS: Admissions staff do not obtain reliable data on smoking status. However, most patients entered as non-smokers by admissions staff but registering high cotinine levels were subsequently recorded as smokers by their doctor in their medical record. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that inpatients are more likely to report their smoking status accurately to their doctor than an admissions clerk, but about two-thirds of smokers will be correctly identified at admission and so could be targeted in computer-driven smoking-cessation interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The reliability of hand-written and computerised records of birth data collected at Baragwanath hospital in Soweto.

This study examined the reliability of hand written and computerised records of birth data collected during the Birth to Ten study at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto. The reliability of record-keeping in hand-written obstetric and neonatal files was assessed by comparing duplicate records of six different variables abstracted from six different sections in these files. The reliability of computerised record keeping was assessed by comparing the original hand-written record of each variable with records contained in the hospital's computerised database. These data sets displayed similar levels of reliability which suggests that similar errors occurred when data were transcribed from one section of the files to the next, and from these files to the computerised database. In both sets of records reliability was highest for the categorical variable infant sex, and for those continuous variables (such as maternal age and gravidity) recorded with unambiguous units. Reliability was lower for continuous variables that could be recorded with different levels of precision (such as birth weight), those that were occasionally measured more than once, and those that could be measured using more than one measurement technique (such as gestational age). Reducing the number of times records are transcribed, categorising continuous variables, and standardising the techniques used for measuring and recording variables would improve the reliability of both hand-written and computerised data sets.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1975

Gamma-ray spectrometry data collection and reduction by simple computing systems.

The review summarizes the present state of the involvement of relatively small computing devices in the collection and processing of gamma-ray spectrum data. An economic and utilitarian point of view has been chosen with regard to data collection in order to arrive at practically valuable conclusions in terms of feasibility of possible configurations with respect to their eventual application. A unified point of view has been adopted with regard to data processing by developing an information theoretical approach on a more or less intuitive level in an attempt to remove the largest part of the virtual disparity between the several processing methods described in the literature. A synoptical introduction to the most important mathematical methods has been incorporated, together with a detailed theoretical description of the concept gamma-ray spectrum. In accordance with modern requirements, the discussions are mainly oriented towards high-resolution semiconductor detector-type spectra. The critical evaluation of the processing methods reviewed is done with respect to a set of predefined criteria. Smoothing, peak detection, peak intensity determination, overlapping peak resolving and detection and upper limits are discussed in great detail. A preferred spectrum analysis method combining powerful data reduction properties with extreme simplicity and speed of operation is suggested. The general discussion is heavily oriented towards activation analysis application, but other disciplines making use of gamma-ray spectrometry will find the material presented equally useful. Final conclusions are given pointing to future developments and shifting their centre of gravity towards improving the quality of the measurements rather than expanding the use of tedious and sophisticated mathematical techniques requiring the limits of available computational power.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient-data collection system used during medical operations after the 1994 San Fernando Valley-Northridge earthquake.

INTRODUCTION: In large disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, rapid, adequate, and documented medical care and distribution of patients are essential. METHODS: After a major (magnitude 6.7 Richter scale) earthquake occurred in Southern California, nine disaster medical assistance teams and two Veterans Administration (VA) buses with VA personnel responded to staff four medical stations, 19 disaster-assistance centers, and two mobile vans. All were under the supervision of the medical support unit (MSU) and its supervising officer. This article describes the patient-data collection system used. All facilities used the same patient-encounter forms, log sheets, and medical treatment forms. Copies of these records accompanied the patients during every transfer. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data classifications were used routinely. The MSU collected these forms twice each day so that all facilities had access to updated patient flow information. RESULTS: Through the use of these methods, more than 11,000 victims were treated, transferred, and their cases tracked during a 12-day period. CONCLUSIONS: Use of this system by all federal responders to a major disaster area led to organized care for a large number of victims. Factors enhancing this care were the simplicity of the forms, the use of the forms by all federal responders, a central data collection point, and accessibility of the data at a known site available to all agencies every 12 hours.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A program evaluation of classroom data collection with bar codes.

A technology incorporating bar code symbols and hand-held optical scanners was evaluated for its utility for routine data collection in a special education classroom. A different bar code symbol was created for each Individualized Educational Plan objective, each type of response occurrence, and each student in the first author's classroom. These symbols were organized by activity and printed as data sheets. The teacher and paraprofessionals scanned relevant codes with scanners when the students emitted targeted behaviors. The codes, dates, and approximate times of the scans were retained in the scanner's electronic memory until they could be transferred by communication software to a computer file. The data from the computer file were organized weekly into a printed report of student performance using a program written with commercially available database software. Advantages, disadvantages, and costs of using the system are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee: nation-wide evaluation of data collected by German Food Control 1995-1999.

The evaluation process involved data collected by Official Food Control Laboratories during the period 1995 until 1999. A total of 613 samples analysed for ochratoxin A and complying with a detection limit lower than 0.6 microg/kg were evaluated. With the assistance of statistical process analysis the median concentrations for green coffee (0.4 microg/kg), for roasted coffee (0.6 microg/kg), for decaffeinated roasted coffee along with low-acid decaffeinated roasted coffee (0.4 microg/kg) as well as for soluble coffee (0.7 microg/kg) were determined. The result is a mean daily total intake per consumer of 9 ng OTA.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1984

Use of a viewdata system to collect data from a multicentre clinical trial in anaesthesia.

The interactive electronic information storage and transmission system PRESTEL was assessed as a method of recording and collecting patient record forms from a multicentre trial in anaesthesia. PRESTEL terminals were provided in anaesthetic centres around Britain and all data handled by this public viewdata service, which connects users by telephone to a central computer. The trial was of a new analgesic supplement, alfentanil, and confirmed more rapid recovery of patients as compared with that after traditional anaesthesia with halothane. Advantages of the system were manifold and included reducing the need for the trial monitor to visit the trialist, an electronic "mailbox," confidentiality, and the ability immediately to identify violations of study protocol. No participant found the system too difficult to use, though the small keyboard was a source of complaint. Despite the initial cost of the system its utility vastly outweighs traditional methods of data collection.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2000

ESHRE preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) consortium: data collection II (May 2000).

In 1997, the ESHRE PGD Consortium was formed as part of the ESHRE Special Interest Group on Reproductive Genetics, in order to undertake a long-term study of the efficacy and clinical outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). In December 1999, the first PGD Consortium report was published discussing referrals of 323 couples, 392 PGD cycles and 82 pregnancies and 79 children born. In the second round of data collection, contributing centres were asked to send in data from their PGD activities before January 1997, as well as from 1st October 1998 until 1st May 2000, in order to have as complete as possible an overview of PGD practices in these centres. A further 563 referrals were sent in as well as 926 PGD cycles, and data on 89 pregnancies (including seven pregnancies ongoing from the previous group) and 83 children were collected. This has led to a considerable amount of cumulative data being acquired: over a period of 7 years (the oldest PGD cycle reported dates from 1994), referral data on 886 couples, cycle data on 1318 PGD cycles and data on 163 pregnancies and 162 babies were collected. In all, these data are encouraging: they show first, that the practice of PGD is becoming more and more established, and an increasing number of different applications is emerging; and second, that collecting these data is worthwhile, as they will be a valuable source of information for all those involved, e.g. in counselling patients and interacting with governmental bodies.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

[Data collection in anesthesia. Experiences with the inauguration of a new information system].

UNLABELLED: In many institutions information systems are used to process off-line anaesthesia data for invoices, statistical purposes, and quality assurance. Information systems are also increasingly being used to improve process control in order to reduce costs. Most of today's systems were created when information technology and working processes in anaesthesia were very different from those in use today. Thus, many institutions must now replace their computer systems but are probably not aware of how complex this change will be. Modern information systems mostly use client-server architecture and relational data bases. Substituting an old system with a new one is frequently a greater task than designing a system from scratch. This article gives the conclusions drawn from the experience obtained when a large departmental computer system is redesigned in an university hospital. METHODS: The new system was based on a client-server architecture and was developed by an external company without preceding conceptual analysis. Modules for patient, anaesthesia, surgical, and pain-service data were included. Data were analysed using a separate statistical package (RS/1 from Bolt Beranek), taking advantage of its powerful precompiled procedures. RESULTS: Development and introduction of the new system took much more time and effort than expected despite the use of modern software tools. Introduction of the new program required intensive user training despite the choice of modem graphic screen layouts. Automatic data-reading systems could not be used, as too many faults occurred and the effort for the user was too high. However, after the initial problems were solved the system turned out to be a powerful tool for quality control (both process and outcome quality), billing, and scheduling. The statistical analysis of the data resulted in meaningful and relevant conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Before creating a new information system, the working processes have to be analysed and, if possible, made more efficient; a detailed programme specification must then be made. A servicing and maintenance contract should be drawn up before the order is given to a company. Time periods of equal duration have to be scheduled for defining, writing, testing and introducing the program. Modern client-server systems with relational data bases are by no means simpler to establish and maintain than previous mainframe systems with hierarchical data bases, and thus, experienced computer specialists need to be close at hand. We recommend collecting data only once for both statistics and quality control. To verify data quality, a system of random spot-sampling has to be established. Despite the large investments needed to build up such a system, we consider it a powerful tool for helping to solve the difficult daily problems of managing a surgical and anaesthesia unit.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of computers in diabetes care--a review. I. Computers for data collection and interpretation.

The paper reviews the contribution of information technology (IT) to diabetes care. An appraisal of this topic with respect to insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic patients is carried out in view of the landmark findings of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) which has demonstrated that maintaining tight blood glucose control can delay the onset and slow the progression of the later life complications of diabetes. The review starts with the clinical background and the main features of the control schema in which diabetic patients receive insulin therapy. An overview is then provided of recent IT initiatives in diabetes care, and the application of IT techniques to assist in the diagnosis and characterization of patients with diabetes mellitus is considered. The role of IT approaches for short-term glycaemic control is discussed and the utilization of computers for collecting, viewing and interpreting home monitoring blood glucose data is reviewed; both quantitative and qualitative techniques being considered. In the second paper the role of decision support tools for planning insulin therapy using clinical algorithms, hand-held devices, knowledge-based approaches, telemedicine techniques and interactive simulations is reviewed, and the validation and clinical evaluation of these tools is discussed. The likely impact of the routine clinical application of implantable/non-invasive blood glucose monitoring devices is also considered. Finally, the application of computers as teaching tools is reviewed and the ways in which such educational approaches might be applied for disseminating the benefits of the DCCT trial more widely are discussed.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1991

Reporting errors in time-to-pregnancy data collected with a short questionnaire. Impact on power and estimation of fecundability ratios.

Few tools exist in reproductive epidemiology for studying adverse effects on fertility. Data on time to pregnancy (the number of menstrual cycles required to conceive) can be used to estimate fecundability ratios, a sensitive endpoint for identifying factors associated with reduced fertility. Time-to-pregnancy data can be collected in detailed interviews. The accuracy of data collected on brief, self-administered questionnaires is not known. In a study of occupational exposures to dental assistants conducted in 1987-1988, 523 women provided time-to-pregnancy data both on a short, mailed questionnaire and in a detailed telephone interview. The correlation between the two measures was 0.82. Assuming that the detailed data were accurate, reporting errors in data from the short form were distributed nondifferentially with respect to most covariates of interest in fecundability analyses. Simulation studies were conducted to estimate bias and loss of power from the misclassification. Bias was toward the null. Substantial power was lost in detecting weak exposures. However, exposures that reduce fecundability by 50 percent (equivalent to adding about three cycles to the median time to pregnancy) could still be detected with 80 percent power in samples of about 100 women (half of them exposed to a possible toxin). The authors conclude that time-to-pregnancy data collected with a few self-administered questions can be useful in a variety of epidemiologic studies, including occupational and environmental surveillance programs.

Bias↗