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PubMed2000

Courtship role reversal and deceptive signals in the long-tailed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda.

We examined the function of secondary sexual characters in the role-reversed, lekking behaviour of female long-tailed dance flies, Rhamphomyia longicauda Loew (Empididae), to test the hypothesis that the degree of abdominal distention is an honest female signal about the state of egg development. Female Rhamphomyia cannot hunt for prey and they receive all of their protein from males by exchanging copulations for nuptial prey gifts. Females compete for male gifts within leks that are organized for a brief period each evening before dark. Before hovering within leks, females swallow air, inflating expandable pouches on the pleural margins of the abdomen. The result is a large saucer-like abdomen which is further exaggerated by wrapping scaled pro-, meso- and metathoracic legs along its pleural margins. Male preference for an enlarged abdomen was confirmed by suspending plastic models of varying size from monofilament lines and recording which models attracted the most males. There was a positive relationship between egg development and abdominal distention in a related species, R. sociabilis (Williston), which lacks inflatable abdominal pouches. Multiple regression showed that in R. longicauda, abdominal inflation completely masks the state of egg development. We conclude that female R. longicauda deceive mate-seeking males with the unreliable message that eggs are nearing maturation in order to obtain a protein meal in exchange for copulation. Males that fail to identify a female bearing mature eggs risk near-certain cuckoldry and an increased probability that the female will die before oviposition. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The fertilization dance: a mechanical view of the egg rotation during the initial spermatozoa-ovum interaction.

The motion of the ovum and the spermatozoa toward each other in the oviduct culminates in a meeting that ultimately results in fertilization. This encounter is characterized by a slow rotation of the sperms-egg cluster while the sperms attempt a penetration. The mysterious rotation was observed in vivo and in vitro for homologous and heterologous systems. It lacks a satisfactory biological explanation while it seems to be correlated with the efficiency of fertilization. A simple bio-mechanical model presented here predicts that the slow rotation of the sperms-egg cluster is a natural consequence of the encounter in most cases. A linear stability analysis of the system suggests a quantitative explanation of the rotation causes, its intensity and its direction. The entire encounter seems as a micro-scale process of courting of the ovum by the spermatozoa, which is expressed as circular dance.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Karl von Frisch lecture. Signals and flexibility in the dance communication of honeybees.

Progress in understanding dance communication in honeybees is reviewed. The behaviour of both dancers and follower bees contain flexible and stereotypic elements. The transfer of specific information about direction and distance probably involves more than one sensory modality. The follower bees need to stay behind the dancer (within the angle of wagging) during at least one waggle run in order to perceive the specific information. Within this zone, a small stationary air-flow receiver (like the antenna of a follower bee) experiences a well-defined maximum when the abdomen of the wagging dancer passes by. Within 1 mm from the tip of the abdomen, the maximum may be caused by oscillating flows generated by the wagging motion. At other positions and distances (up to several millimetres from the dancer) the maximum is due to a spatially narrow jet air flow generated by the vibrating wings. The time pattern of these maxima is a function of the angular position of the receiver relative to the axis of the waggle run and thus a potential cue for direction. In addition to the narrow jet air flows, the dancers can generate a broad jet. The jets are not automatic by-products of wing vibration, since they can be switched on and off when the dancer adjusts the position of her wings.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1987

Extended use of the Mustardé dancing man procedure.

Webs other than epicanthal folds can be corrected by the Mustardé "dancing man" procedure. A series of 20 patients is presented in whom this method has been used to correct either minor degrees of congenital syndactyly or burn scar contractures in fingers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Save the last dance II: unwanted serial position effects in figure skating judgments.

Serial position effects may occur whenever options are judged in sequence, as is the case in figure skating competitions. International figure skating competitions consist of at least two rounds, with serial position being randomized in the first round. Figure skaters with better scores in the first round perform later in the second round. Despite the initial randomization of serial position, figure skaters who perform later in the first round receive better scores in first and in the second round. The findings presented here replicate those of Bruine de Bruin (2005) [Save the last dance for me: unwanted serial position effects in jury evaluations. Acta Psychologica, 118, 245-260], using a larger dataset, and addressing potential concerns about Bruine de Bruin's analyses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Filaria dance sign and subclinical hydrocoele in two east African communities with bancroftian filariasis.

During population-wide cross-sectional surveys for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia, circulating antigenaemia, and clinical disease in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa in 1998, a portable ultrasound scanner was used simultaneously to examine the scrotal tissue of the male populations (n = 422 and 328, respectively) for signs of adult worms. The overall microfilaria (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (CFA) prevalences in the scanned males were 30.8% and 53.6% in the high and 4.3% and 19.8% in the low endemicity community, respectively. During ultrasound examination, the filaria dance sign (FDS)--indicating the presence of live adult W. bancrofti worms--was observed in 16.1% and 6.7% of the males in these communities, respectively. This examination also revealed that subclinical hydrocoele (fluid accumulation in the scrotal sac, not detected during physical examination for clinical hydrocoele) was very common, affecting 25.3% and 15.5% of the examined males in the high and low endemicity community, respectively. Both of these ultrasonographic signs started to appear around the age of puberty and were most common in adults. In the high endemicity community, the prevalence and mean intensity of mf and CFA were considerably higher in FDS-positive than in FDS-negative adult males, whereas no obvious difference in these parameters was noted between adult males with and without subclinical or the combination of clinical and subclinical hydrocoele. Associations were less clear in the low endemicity community, probably because of the low number of infected individuals. The application of ultrasonography as a tool in bancroftian filariasis epidemiological field studies thus indicated that scrotal pathology may be much more common in endemic areas than hitherto reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dancing with strangers: will U.S. substance abuse practice and research organizations build mutually productive relationships?

The scientific knowledge gained from research has not been extensively integrated into the U.S. substance abuse treatment system. A clear call to arms has been issued by the U.S. federal treatment and research agencies to bring research and practice together to create a better treatment system and a more responsive research agenda. The current federally sponsored initiatives to "close the gap" between research and practice are large and well funded. The field appears ready to change and realize the mutual benefits that can be achieved from the increased "bleeding" of research and practice. However, while the music has started and the partners seem willing, there are still many obstacles to a successful dance.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2006

Neuroimmunology of dancing eye syndrome in children.

Clinical, histopathological, and laboratory evidence suggest that dancing eye syndrome/opsoclonus-mycoclonus syndrome is an immune-mediated and probably autoimmune disorder. There is a clear, but not invariable, association with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroma in children, and with a miscellany of neoplasms in adults. Direct support, i.e. the identification of antibodies against cell-surface antigens in neurons, is lacking but the nature of other evidence is such that the case for use of immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies is compelling. Because at least 85% of children affected by the condition are left with permanent cognitive deficits, notwithstanding a favourable initial neurological response to, say, steroid or adrenocorticotrophic hormone, therapeutic stakes are high. There is an urgent need for controlled therapeutic trials which, because of the comparative rarity of the condition in children, will require international collaboration to expedite studies.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Investigations of the halogen dance reaction on N-substituted 2-thiazolamines.

The halogen dance (HD) reaction on various 2-thiazolamine systems was investigated providing an easy access to a series of 5-substituted 4-bromo-2-thiazolamine derivatives. We could show that HD is a very favored process for the investigated systems and that prevention of HD is only possible when optimized reaction conditions and selected electrophiles are applied.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Electrochemical Reduction of Mono- and Dihalothiophenes at Carbon Cathodes in Dimethylformamide. First Example of an Electrolytically Induced Halogen Dance.

Cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis have been employed to probe the electrochemical reduction of a number of mono- and dihalothiophenes at carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide containing tetramethylammonium perchlorate. Reduction of 2-bromo-, 3-bromo-, 2-chloro-, 3-chloro-, and 2-iodothiophene gives rise to a single irreversible cyclic voltammetric wave for each compound that corresponds to the two-electron cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond, and thiophene is obtained as the only product. Cyclic voltammograms for the reduction of 2,3-dibromo-, 2,4-dibromo-, 2,5-dibromo-, 3,4-dibromo-, 2-bromo-5-chloro-, and 3-bromo-2-chlorothiophene each exhibit a pair of irreversible two-electron waves. Electrolyses of either 2,3-dibromo- or 2,4-dibromothiophene at potentials corresponding to the first voltammetric wave yield a two-to-one mixture of 3-bromo- and 3,4-dibromothiophene; under similar conditions, electrolyses of 2,5-dibromothiophene give a mixture of 2-bromo-, 3-bromo-, and 3,4-dibromothiophene, electrolyses of 2-bromo-5-chlorothiophene afford a mixture of 3-bromo-, 3,4-dibromo-, 3-bromo-2-chloro-, 4-bromo-2-chloro-, and 2-chlorothiophene, and electrolyses of 3-bromo-2-chlorothiophene yield 2-chlorothiophene. Aside from the last result, these product distributions appear to arise from an electrolytically induced halogen dance. When electrolyses of the dibromothiophenes and of 2-bromo-5-chloro- and 3-bromo-2-chlorothiophene are performed at potentials that correspond to the second voltammetric wave, thiophene is the only product obtained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Lessons from a mentor: a dance for two.

The powerful relationship between a teacher and student of nursing is described through stories that illustrate three lessons: (1) Caring gets results, (2) family comes first, and (3) passionate commitment is contagious. These are the lessons I learned from my mentor, Dr Cathie Guzzetta. Textbooks can tell part of a story, but the "dance for two" between a special teacher and a student can change perspectives and lives forever.

Critical Care↗
PubMed2004

The explicit and implicit dance in psychoanalytic change.

How the implicit/non-declarative and explicit/declarative cognitive domains interact is centrally important in the consideration of effecting change within the psychoanalytic arena. Stern et al. (1998) declare that long-lasting change occurs in the domain of implicit relational knowledge. In the view of this author, the implicit and explicit domains are intricately intertwined in an interactive dance within a psychoanalytic process. The author views that a spirit of inquiry (Lichtenberg, Lachmann & Fosshage 2002) serves as the foundation of the psychoanalytic process. Analyst and patient strive to explore, understand and communicate and, thereby, create a 'spirit' of interaction that contributes, through gradual incremental learning, to new implicit relational knowledge. This spirit, as part of the implicit relational interaction, is a cornerstone of the analytic relationship. The 'inquiry' more directly brings explicit/declarative processing to the foreground in the joint attempt to explore and understand. The spirit of inquiry in the psychoanalytic arena highlights both the autobiographical scenarios of the explicit memory system and the mental models of the implicit memory system as each contributes to a sense of self, other, and self with other. This process facilitates the extrication and suspension of the old models, so that new models based on current relational experience can be gradually integrated into both memory systems for lasting change.

Cognition↗
PubMed1993

Dances with data.

CONCLUSION: Medical decisions concerning the end of life are a difficult matter and they evoke much emotional response. What is needed, however, is an open debate in order to improve the moral quality of decision making, not "dances with data". The central question in this debate should be, as Callahan aptly notes, whether medicine should involve itself only in that kind of "suffering which is brought on by illness and dying as biological phenomena" (emphasis added) or whether it should concern itself with the wellbeing of the patient. Apart from the fundamental question as to what types of suffering are to be considered as, at least in part biological phenomena, in The Netherlands most doctors, ourselves included, think the medical profession should do the latter.

Attitude↗
PubMed1967

Honey bees: do they use the direction information contained in their dance maneuver?

Direction communication experiments, when controlled against unilateral visitation of trained foragers at the experimental site, exhibited no evidence supporting the precision of communication suggested in the dance "language" hypothesis. Results compare well with those which might be expected on the basis of the geometric arrangement of the feeding dishes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The dance of actin and myosin: a structural and spectroscopic perspective.

Actin and myosin interact in a cyclic series of steps linked to the hydrolysis of ATP that are representative of an ancient and widespread molecular mechanism. Spectroscopic findings are related to the analysis of the actin and myosin structures and results from kinetics, fibers, single molecules, electron microscopy, genetics, and a variety of other biophysical and biochemical studies on actin and myosin to provide an overview of the steps in this molecular process. The synthesis of the key findings from these fields reveals a highly efficient engine that amplifies subtle changes in the active site into unsurpassed molecular displacements. Recent developments in resonance energy-transfer spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography are enabling a detailed elucidation of the stages of a large power stroke that concurs with evidences from diverse lines of structural and kinetic inquiry. A complete image of actin and myosin motility appears to include twists, tilts, steps, and dynamics from both partners that could be described as a molecular dance.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

Choreography of the squid's "nuptial dance".

A mass spawning of squid resembles, at first glance, a chaotic "nuptial dance" (1). But for the first time, we have applied 3-D, radio-linked acoustic positioning (RAP) to this confusing process, and our early results now reveal a choreography that is, in fact, well organized in time and space. Remote tracking with RAP of individual Loligo vulgaris reynaudii off South Africa has provided insights into the daily sequence of behaviours that lead these animals to aggregate for sexual selection. Each dawn, the squid navigate for several kilometers, towards the shore, to small, well-defined zones near egg beds on the substrate. After several hours of circling above the egg beds, a pelagic, 3-D lek-like aggregation of large males forms: females are drawn in, and the aggregation condenses as the females and males pair, mate, and lay eggs. Smaller "sneaker males" remain on the periphery of the mating arena and, from this station, attempt extra-pair copulations (EPCs). The mating system of squids is thus unexpectedly complex, rivaling those of mammals and birds (2, 3). Commercial squid-jigging fishermen in South Africa have recently been attracted to the spawning grounds, and they have been successful. Moreover, their activities may be selective for large males. Thus, attention should be devoted to ensuring that such targeted fishing does not alter the characteristics of squid population genetics. Remote tracking and video observations, in combination with genetic analyses, may offer a new opportunity to monitor mating effort and reproductive success, and thus to manage the fishery.

Animals↗