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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Chemical and biological characterization of electrofilter dusts of a waste incinerator. 1. Comparison of different extraction methods for organic dust contents and their mutagenicity].

Particles collected by electrostatic precipitation from a municipal waste incinerator were used to study sample extraction methods for the mutagenicity bioassay. The Ames-Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation method with tester strain TA 100 was employed. A series of organic solvents with different polarities was employed to identify the most efficient solvent for removing mutagens from the ashes: Soxhlet extraction with toluene and pretreatment with diluted HCl; Soxhlet extraction with toluene following 2-ethoxy-ethanol; reflux extraction with toluene: 2-ethoxy-ethanol: HCl conc.; Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane. The results demonstrate that the amount of extractable mass correlates with the polarity of the solvents; however, the extractable mass did not correlate with the mutagenic activity of the extracts. The Soxhlet extraction with toluene and pretreatment with diluted HCl proved to be the best method for the extraction of mutagenic compounds present in particles collected by electrostatic precipitation from municipal waste incinerators, although it does not remove the maximum amount of extractable organic matter from the particles.

Dust↗
PubMed1985

[Biological effect of fine atmospheric dust extracts. IX. Quantitative cytologic study of the cytotoxic effect of fine atmospheric dust extracts on macrophages].

Macrophages of cell line IC-21 were exposed to extracts and fractions of two samples of city smog (CSE 16 and 17) from the heavy industrialized Rhine-Ruhr-area. Cytotoxic effects of extracts and fractions were analysed in various concentrations and periods of incubation. As cytotoxic parameters were determined frequencies of mitosis and pycnosis of nuclei as well as occurrence of multinucleated giant cells. An increasing dosage of noxae showed a reduction of mitotic rate, a rise of pycnosis of nuclei and of multinucleated giant cells. For both city smog extracts these effects depended on incubation period and concentration of noxae. While the global extract of city smog no. 16 was always more effective than its fractions, with city smog no. 17 the strongest alterations were demonstrable by its cyclohexane-fraction and partly by its methanol-fraction. Based on air volume of collection both samples of city smog revealed a comparable cytotoxic effect. In relation to benzo(a)pyrene-content, however, city smog no. 17 was considerable more cytotoxic than city smog no. 16. These results confirm again cytotoxicity of city smog. It can be assumed that both samples of city smog impair defense mechanisms of the lung.

Air Pollution↗