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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cytologic examination of exfoliative specimens obtained during endoscopy for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract disease in dogs and cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cytologic examination of exfoliative specimens obtained during endoscopy was as useful as histologic examination of mucosal biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract disease in dogs and cats and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 techniques (brush or touch) in preparing specimens for cytologic examination. DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 85 dogs and 23 cats. PROCEDURE: Specimens for cytologic and histologic examination were obtained during routine endoscopic examination of the stomach, small intestine, and colon. A diagnosis was made on the basis of cytologic findings (graded objectively) and compared with the diagnosis on the basis of histologic findings. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of cytologic examination was high for all 3 organs. Sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values of positive and negative results were > 90% in most instances. The diagnostic accuracy of the brush technique was equal or superior to that of the touch technique for 84% of specimens. The brush technique was most useful in detecting cellular infiltrates in the lamina propria, whereas the touch technique was more likely to detect acute mucosal inflammation. Percentages of false-positive (3.2%) and false-negative (6.9%) cytologic interpretations were low. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Endoscopy is safe and requires little time to procure specimens for cytologic examination, which can be obtained concurrently with mucosal biopsy specimens. Cytologic examination of exfoliative specimens obtained during endoscopy is a useful and reliable adjunct to histologic examination of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract disease in dogs and cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Covalently protein-bound bilirubin conjugates in cholestatic disease of dogs.

We investigated the occurrence of covalently protein-bound bilirubins in the plasma of dogs with hyperbilirubinemia attributable to hepatobiliary diseases or Coombs test-positive hemolysis. The bilirubins in plasma were measured with the conventional Van den Bergh reaction, by treatment with diazotized p-iodoaniline, and by high-performance liquid chromatography of bilirubin and its methylesters after alkaline methanolysis. All but one dog had covalently protein-bound bilirubin conjugates. The concentration and the fraction of total bilirubins varied in all diseases investigated, but they tended to be low in primary hemolysis. The "biliprotein" complex accounted for 2 to 94% of total plasma bilirubins. Because biliprotein usually is not cleared by the liver, but has a half-life comparable with that of albumin, it prevents the evaluation of the actual state of the underlying disease. Measurement of the total bilirubin concentration exclusively with the Van den Bergh reaction, therefore, is clinically useless. Other methods should be introduced for routine bilirubin assays, permitting the measurement of noncovalently bound pigment as a meaningful estimate of the course of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Radiographic and ultrasonographic diagnosis of liver diseases in dogs and cats.

Various techniques utilized for the clinical investigation of small animal patients with signs of liver disease are discussed. The author reviews the evaluation of survey radiographs and selected radiographic contrast techniques, such as cholecystography. The author also outlines the basic principles of hepatic ultrasonography and includes examples of normal and abnormal hepatic ultrasonograms to demonstrate the application of this new imaging modality to the diagnosis of liver diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Von Willebrand's disease in dogs in the United Kingdom.

An assay for the measurement of von Willebrand factor antigen has been established. In a period of 18 months, 13 dogs have been identified as suffering from von Willebrand's disease. The affected animals had levels of von Willebrand factor antigen which ranged from undetectable to 43 per cent of normal. Factor VIII levels were also reduced. Haemorrhagic episodes were usually associated with trauma or surgery, and often required transfusion with fresh blood or plasma to arrest haemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An experimental model of chronic renal disease in dogs by infusion of microspheres into the renal arterial circulation.

The feasibility of renal arterial infusion of nonbiodegradable microspheres as a model of chronic renal disease in dogs was evaluated. Resin-coated, styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer microspheres were infused into the kidneys of healthy adult Beagles by direct injections of both renal arteries in a single surgical procedure. Injections of 25-microns diameter microspheres had minimal effect on either the clinical status or serum values of the dogs. Histologic examination revealed the majority of the microspheres lodged within the capillary beds of the glomeruli, and little change to the kidneys. However, injections of 50-microns diameter microspheres caused significant increases in serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine. Histologically, the larger microspheres obstructed afferent arterioles and small arteries, which caused diffuse glomerular necrosis and nephron damage. With doses ranging from 1 to 3 million microspheres/dog, a correlation between the quantity of microspheres injected and severity of renal damage was observed. The optimal dose for producing a model of moderate renal disease was determined to be 1.8 million microspheres/dog (0.9 million microspheres/kidney). During long-term studies, microsphere-injected dogs fed a moderately restricted protein ration remained relatively azotemic, compared with control dogs on the identical ration. During the 5-month postsurgical period, the serum urea nitrogen concentration averaged 18.41 +/- 1.59 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) for the microsphere-injected dogs vs 9.31 +/- 0.38 for the control dogs (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the mean serum creatinine value was significantly higher (P = 0.020) for the microsphere-injected dogs, compared with the controls (1.23 +/- 0.12 mg/dl vs 0.94 +/- 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal parenchymal diseases in dogs: 32 cases (1981-1986).

The medical records of 32 dogs with microscopically proven renal parenchymal disease were evaluated to characterize the associated ultrasonographic patterns and to assess the contribution of ultrasonography to the diagnosis and management in each case. Ultrasonography provided additional information on internal renal architecture in 18 dogs with radiographic evidence of structural abnormality. Ultrasonography determined the renal origin of 2 abdominal masses, defined the extent and distribution of neoplastic disease in 6 dogs, and identified kidneys not seen on survey radiographs or excretory urograms in 5 dogs because of decreased abdominal contrast or poor function. The ultrasonographic patterns were most specific for focal and multifocal or diffuse neoplasia. Ultrasonographic findings were least specific for diffuse parenchymal disease without architectural disruption such as glomerulo/interstitial nephritis, renal tubular necrosis, and nephrocalcinosis. In these cases, biopsy was recommended. Six interpretive errors were made. Four of these errors were related to the overestimation of renal pelvic and diverticular size because of confusion with medullary papilla. Two errors occurred in the diagnosis of renal lymphosarcoma, one of which was interpreted to be pyelonephritis. The other was an interpretive dilemma because of absence of hypoechoic multifocal nodules. Renal tubular necrosis was confirmed in this case.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A five-year analysis of diseases of dogs and cats in the Veterinary Clinic of Freetown, Sierra Leone.

A survey is presented of the diagnoses found in 2938 dogs and 32 cats, treated between January 1976 and January 1980 at the Veterinary Clinic of Freetown. More than one third of the dogs (1175) and 13 cats were infected by Ancylostoma spp., whereas Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were encountered in 236 and 232 dogs, respectively. Noteworthy is also the relatively high figure of 12 dogs affected by Negri bodies (rabies). It is pointed out that dogs and cats move about fairly freely in the city, which constitutes a considerable source of infection for humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Possible therapeutic benefits of adenosine-potentiating drugs in reducing age-related degenerative disease in dogs and cats.

Adenosine is a ubiquitous, biologically important molecule that is a precursor of other biologically active molecules. It also is a component of some co-factors and has distinct physiological actions in its own right. Levels are maintained by synthesis from dietary precursors and re-cycling. The daily turnover of adenosine is very high. Adenosine can act either as a hormone by binding to adenosine receptors, four adenosine receptor subtypes have been identified, and as an intracellular modulator, after transport into the cell by membrane transporter proteins. One of the principal intracellular actions of adenosine is inhibition of the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Extracellular adenosine also has specific neuromodulatory actions on dopamine and glutamate. Selective and nonselective agonists and antagonists of adenosine are available. The tasks of developing, evaluating and exploiting the therapeutic potential of these compounds is still in its infancy. Adenosine has actions in the central nervous system (CNS), heart and vascular system, skeletal muscle and the immune system and the presence of receptors suggests potential actions in the gonads and other organs. Adenosine agonists improve tissue perfusion through actions on vascular smooth muscle and erythrocyte fluidity and they can be used to improve the quality of life in aged dogs. This article reviews the therapeutic potential of adenosine-potentiating drugs in the treatment of age-related conditions in companion animals, some of which may be exacerbated by castration or spaying at an early age.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1995

[Neurosurgical therapy of intervertebral disk disease in dogs].

Intervertebral disc degeneration and protrusion or extrusion of disc material into the vertebral canal cause focal compressive myelopathy and radiculopathy, the most common neurological syndrome in dogs. Clinical findings are variable depending on duration and location of the lesion, volume of the mass and dynamic considerations (peracute massive extrusion, chronic partial extrusion, chronic progressive extrusion). Aim of this article is to provide compendium of at-the-present-time recommended methods of surgical treatment of intervertebral disc disease in the dog. In the case of compression of spinal cord is performed decompressive surgery (ventral cervical decompression, hemilaminectomy, minihemilaminectomy, dorsal laminectomy and foramenotomy). Fenestration is the only method of prophylaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neuromuscular disease in a dog.

Diffuse neuromuscular disease occurs sporadically in dogs. The most commonly reported diffuse neuromuscular diseases are polyradiculoneuritis (coonhound paralysis), tick paralysis, botulism, and myasthenia gravis (1,2,12). This clinical report describes an atypical presentation of a diffuse neuromuscular disease in a dog.

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