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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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PubMed1971

Office urology.

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Albuminuria↗
PubMed1983

Diaper dermatitis. Factors to consider in diagnosis and treatment.

Diaper dermatitis is a common problem in infants and young children. Although the pathogenesis of diaper dermatitis is not well defined, many associated factors have been identified, including individual predisposition to atopic or seborrheic dermatitis, occlusion and friction caused by the diaper, and overgrowth of bacteria and yeast. General treatment goals involve keeping the diaper area as dry as possible, washing the area as infrequently as possible, and avoiding tight-fitting diapers. Petrolatum, talc, baking soda, and fluorinated topical steroidal medications should be avoided. If all else fails, toilet training provides the final answer.

Candidiasis, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2000

Effectiveness of casein hydrolysate feedings in infants with colic.

This study found that two casein hydrolysate formulas varying in composition were equally effective in managing colicky symptoms associated with protein sensitivity. Both hydrolysate formulas were associated with a significant, comparable reduction in crying duration and intensity from baseline in 15 of 22 infants with complete data. Subsequent challenge data suggest that the population studied were infants experiencing colicky symptoms due to protein sensitivity. A greater proportion of infants showed a positive reaction (> or = 1.5 h of crying/d) to the protein challenges than the placebo challenge, and crying was rated as more intense during whey and milk protein challenges.

Caseins↗
PubMed1986

Transient neonatal zinc deficiency.

We report an infant who developed clinical manifestations of zinc deficiency during the first month of life although the diet was adequate for zinc and no other causes could be ascertained. The diagnosis was confirmed by low plasma-zinc concentrations and a positive response to zinc treatment. The fatty acid profile of plasma phospholipids was typical of zinc deficiency (ie, arachidonic acid was markedly decreased). The transient nature of this disorder was evident when no relapse occurred after cessation of zinc therapy and plasma-zinc and arachidonic acid concentrations remained normal. Several explanations for the development of transient neonatal zinc deficiency are offered. The observation demonstrates that occasional infants may have requirements for zinc that are beyond the intakes of the conventional RDA.

Blepharitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perineal skin care for patients with frequent diarrhea or fecal incontinence.

In this article, the author presents an overview of normal skin and a description of perineal skin injury. The focus is to identify the goals for treatment for persons with frequent diarrhea or fecal incontinence as it relates to their perineal skin care. Specific algorithms for acute care and ambulatory settings are defined, and two case studies are presented. The treatment goals include evaluation of and recommendations for reviewing and choosing perineal skin products.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Promoting wound healing in the neonatal setting: process versus protocol.

The principles of wound healing have been studied and evaluated extensively in the animal and human adult models. Practical application has been long in coming to the neonatal and critical care settings. Neonatal nurses have the ability to significantly affect the outcome of wound healing through the care they provide and the approaches that they take to caring for wounds. The article reviews pertinent literature to provide an evidence base for optimal wound care activities. An outcome-oriented, functional approach to product selection is described to help nurses meet the goals of protection, cleansing, moist wound healing, and appropriate dressing and care of wounds specific to the neonatal population.

Diaper Rash↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Individualizing nighttime incontinence care in nursing home residents.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is a common problem among nursing home (NH) residents and can be successfully treated with prompted voiding during daytime hours. A previous study of incontinent NH residents demonstrated that noise from the staff and other residents and light and noise from staff-initiated incontinence care routines were associated with waking episodes. Nighttime incontinence care should be individualized to minimize sleep disruption while considering moisture exposure that could affect skin health. Although descriptive studies have been published, there are no published intervention studies describing attempts to improve nighttime environmental factors in NHs. OBJECTIVE: To individualize nighttime incontinence care while minimizing sleep disruption among NH residents. METHOD: Subjects were assigned to a 2- or 4-hour incontinence care schedule based on each resident's risk of skin problems using objective data of spontaneous body movements at night and skin health during baseline, and the research staff provided incontinence care if residents were found awake. RESULTS: Awakenings due to light and sound associated with incontinence care were significantly reduced during the intervention phases (p < .001), and there were no adverse changes in skin health or on most risk factors associated with skin (e.g., exposure to moisture, body turns). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating this intervention component into more comprehensive efforts to improve sleep and evaluating the long-term effects of the intervention on skin health are recommended.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Diaper dermatitis and advances in diaper technology.

During the last decade, a number of technological innovations in disposable diaper designs and materials have aimed at reducing dermatological problems in the diaper area. The introduction of absorbent gelling materials led to a decrease in skin overhydration and made possible a more beneficial pH in the diaper area. A retrospective evaluation of clinical studies conducted before and after the introduction of absorbent gelling materials confirms that utilization of these materials has been associated with a marked reduction in the severity of diaper dermatitis. More recently, a novel diaper designed to deliver dermatological formulations to the skin also appears to improve the condition of diapered skin. Disposable wipes now are available that are nonirritating and suitable for use on damaged or broken skin. Ongoing innovative efforts in this area promise to further decrease the prevalence of diaper-associated dermatologic conditions.

Diaper Rash↗
PubMed2004

A preliminary study of bottom care effects on premature infants' heart rate and oxygen saturation.

The purposes of this study were to explore (1) the effect of buttock care (BC) on premature infant heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and (2) the effect of buttock lifting angle during BCs on HR and SpO(2). The study used a repeated measure design. A convenience sample of 11 premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a medical center were studied during 30 BC events. The subjects were of a gestational age of less than and 37 weeks, and postnatal age of less than one month, without known congenital abnormalities and without having been treated with sedatives during the study. Infant HR and SpO(2) were measured at a 30-second interval 10 minutes before and during, and 15 minutes after BC. Maximal lifting angles of BCs during the procedure were recorded. Based on the infant's individual responses to BC, 63.3% of BCs induced an increase in HR and a decrease in SpO(2), defined as the change in HR and SpO(2) greater than two standard deviations from the baseline. In addition, 30% of BCs resulted in cardiac decelerations. The extent of the difference found in these change patterns in HR or SpO(2) were all significant (p <.01) and their mean recovery times were longer than 10 minutes. More HR acceleration events occurred as the BC lifting angle exceeded </= 30 degrees, and more HR deceleration events were found as the angle > 30 degrees (p =.035). Buttock care can have a significant impact on premature infant physiological stability. The BC lifting angle may play an important role in HR acceleration or deceleration. Careful observation before and after BC for premature infants is recommended.

Buttocks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An infantile Cushing syndrome due to misuse of topical steroid.

Chronic low-dose exogenous steroid therapy in children can result in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. However, the development of Cushing syndrome from topical steroid therapy is unusual. A 9-month-old girl with a diagnosis of Cushing syndrome caused by long-term topical clobetasol propionate application was evaluated. The patient was found to have severe adrenal suppression. Limiting the use of steroid-containing drugs, prescription of less potent agents, especially during infancy, and warning of parents about potential side effects are very important.

Administration, Cutaneous↗