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PubMed2000

bcl-2, p53, and MIB-1 in human adult dental pulp.

Little is known about the renewal of some groups of cells in dental pulp, and the occurrence and significance of physiological cell death in dental pulp is not yet understood. The possibility of odontoblast disappearance by apoptosis has been proposed, and the presence of apoptotic cells in the rat and human odontoblastic and subodontoblastic layers has been recently described. bcl-2 and p53 are proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway, whereas MIB-1 is a proliferating cell marker. The aim of our study was an immunohistochemical evaluation of bcl-2, p53, and MIB-1 in healthy normal pulps of young human subjects. With bcl-2 immunostaining, some positive cells were found in the odontoblastic and subodontoblastic layers, whereas with MIB-1, only a few stromal cells were positive, and all odontoblasts were consistently negative. No cells were positive to p53. The bcl-2 immunoreactivity of the cells of the odontoblastic and subodontoblastic layers could help to explain the presence of apoptotic cells found in these regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Allergies of the dental pulp.

A review of publications relating to the allergies of the dental pulp is presented. The pulp--especially when inflamed--contains antigens, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE antibodies, mast cells, histamine, and possibly C3. However, no antibody-mediated allergy (hypersensitivity) of the pulp has yet been demonstrated. On the other hand, two types of cell-mediated allergy--the graft-rejection reaction and contact hypersensitivity--have been reported, as well as autoimmunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on sex determination using human dental pulp. II. Sex determination of teeth left in a room].

The appearance rate of Y chromatin was calculated in the dental pulp with the staining by Quinacrine Mustard. The morphological findings of the tissue were observed with the HE stained section and the change of the appearance rate of Y chromatin was studied along with the morphological change of the tissue. The average of the appearance rate of Y chromatin in the male dental pulp was 42.2% immediately after the tooth extraction, 34.8% after one month, 27.9% after 3 months, 20.8% after 6 months, 20.6% after 1 year, 19.1% after 18 months and 11.4% after 2 years, respectively. On the other hand, the appearance rate of the pseudo-Y chromatin spot in the female pulp was below 4.2% through the two years' observation which enabled to determine the sexuality. By the HE staining observation about the dental pulp, left at a room temperature, it was revealed that the pulp tissue can be well preserved for a long time because of the natural drying. The degree of the staining declined with the lapse of time after the removal of tooth. Degeneration of tissue did not offer any discrete criteria for the estimation of the lapse of time after the removal of tooth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prostaglandin E2 predominantly induces production of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in human dental pulp in acute inflammation.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is also known as the scatter factor, is a broad-spectrum and multifunctional cytokine, mediates epithelial-mesenchyme interaction, and is shown to be involved in the development and regeneration of various tissues, including tooth. Here, we report that HGF was present in adult human dental pulps, and its levels increased during acute inflammation of the tissue. Levels of HGF mRNA in dental pulps also increased with inflammation, as determined by reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction. The production of HGF in fibroblasts from dental pulps in culture was dose-dependently stimulated by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and by prostaglandin (PG) E2, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also showed that indomethacin did not affect the increase in HGF production by the cells with IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and PGE2. The levels of HGF mRNA in the cells were simultaneously increased by these stimulants, as determined by Northern blotting. Since the production of PGs is known to increase at the beginning of inflammation, PGE2 may be involved in the regeneration of dental pulps by the induction of HGF expression after inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Alkaline phosphatase activity in dental pulp of orthodontically treated teeth.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the dental pulp of orthodontically treated teeth. METHODS: Sixteen healthy subjects (mean age 17.0 +/-1.6 years) who required extraction of 4 first premolars for orthodontic reasons participated. One maxillary first premolar subjected to orthodontic force was the test tooth. The contralateral first premolar, bracketed but not subjected to mechanical stress, was the control tooth. After a week of treatment, the first premolars were extracted and the dental pulp removed from the teeth. ALP activity was determined spectrophotometrically and the results expressed as units/liter per milligram of pulp tissue [U/(L x mg)]. RESULTS: ALP activity was 89 +/- 26 U/(L x mg) in the test teeth and 142 +/- 33 U/(L x mg) in the control teeth. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment can lead to significant early-phase reduction in ALP activity in human dental pulp tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Regulatory mechanism of phosphofructokinase in rabbit dental pulp].

Phosphofructokinase (ATP: D-fructose 6-phosphate 1-transferase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) by ATP to from fructose 1,-bisphosphate, and is considered to be the key enzyme in glycolytic pathway in liver and other tissues. In dental pulp, both aerobic and anaerobic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism are present. It was reported that oxygen consumption was parallel to the activity of dentin formation, and anaerobic pathway became predominant after the cession of calcification. Analysis of glycolytic activity in bovine dental pulp revealed that PFK was also the key enzyme in this tissue. But, the regulatory mechanism of PFK in dental pulp has not been elucidated yet. In this paper, properties and regulatory mechanism of PFK in rabbit molar teeth were examined, and the following results were obtained. 1. At nearly neutral pH, PFK activity was extremely low, and it increased with the shift of pH to more alkaline side. Maximum activity was obtained over pH 8.0. 2. At physiological pH, PFK was activated with low concentration of ATP, but was inhibited with high concentration of ATP. 3. For the recovery of PFK activity from ATP-dependent inhibition, not only Fru-6-P but also AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) were necessary. 4. In rabbit dental pulp, PFK was regulated synergistically by Fru-6-P, ATP, AMP and Fru-2,6-P2, and the range of the actual PFK activity seemed to be 30 to 80% of the maximum activity. 5. PFK was activated also with inorganic phosphate. But, addition of calcium resulted in the inhibition of PFK.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Lipid peroxidation as a possible cause of benzoyl peroxide toxicity in rabbit dental pulp--a microsomal lipid peroxidation in vitro.

The toxicity of composite resin on rabbit dental pulp was investigated biochemically. A microsomal fraction of rabbit dental pulp was incubated with each of the components of composite resins, and the formation of peroxide was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), the most widely used catalyst, was the most effective on peroxidation, but monomers were not. Cations such as Cu2+ or Fe2+ were required for acceleration of this reaction. Authentic polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids were extensively converted into their peroxides by BPO, but amino acids and carbohydrates were not. Among the active oxygens, hydroxyl radicals were thought to be responsible for BPO-dependent peroxidation. The results presented in this paper indicate that the lipid portion of the cells may be attacked by hydroxyl radicals produced by BPO and copper or iron. Therefore, BPO is considered to be the major factor responsible for the toxicity of composite resins.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Dental pulp reactions and pulp protection: traditional underlayers versus dentin adhesive lacquer].

The dental pulp possesses an intrinsic healing capacity, by which pulpal reactions remain initially localised; they are often completely reversible. The younger and healthier the pulp is, the greater its healing capacity will be. Only in case of bacterial infection will the sterile pulpal inflammation convert into a local necrosis of the pulpal tissue that gradually will expand apically until the whole pulp is contaminated. The profit-effect of pulpal protection by means of traditional calcium hydroxide medicaments is compared with a more modern adhesive dentin sealing. Potential pulpal response to restorative materials and procedures are reviewed. Finally, clinical guidelines for optimal pulpal protection and dentinal sealing are formulated.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1988

Neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity in feline dental pulp: its distribution, origin and coexistence with substance P-like immunoreactivity.

The distribution and origin of neurokinin A (NKA)-like immunoreactivity were investigated in feline dental pulp by an indirect immunofluorescence method. NKA-containing nerve fibres with varicosities, which entered the dental pulp via apical foramen, were distributed throughout this tissue. Many NKA-containing nerve fibres were localized around blood vessels, but some were observed apart therefrom. At the odontoblastic layer, thin NKA-containing nerve fibres were observed running straight toward the pulp-predentinal border between odontoblasts. After inferior alveolar nerve section, all NKA-containing nerve fibres disappeared in the dental pulp, while the removal of the superior cervical ganglion resulted in no change in the distribution of these fibres. The correlation of NKA-like immunoreactivity and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was also investigated by double-immunofluorescence technique. The distribution of NKA-containing nerve fibres was very similar to that of SP-containing nerve fibres; it appeared that all NKA-containing nerve fibres contained SP.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Correlation between PMI and DNA degradation of costicartilage and dental pulp cells in human being].

OBJECTIVE: To probe the correlation between the postmortem interval (PMI) and the DNA degradation of costicartilage and dental pulp cells in human being after death, and to seek a new method for estimating PMI. METHODS: The image cytometry was used to measure the DNA degradation under different ambient temperatures (30-35 degrees C, 15-20 degrees C) in 0-15 days after death. RESULTS: The average DNA content of two kinds of tissue was degradated with the prolongation of PMI. But there was a plateau period of 0-4 days for dental pulp cells of human being in 15-20 degrees C. There was a high negative correlativity P<0.01 between the average DNA content and PMI. CONCLUSION: PMI could be estimated accurately according to the DNA degradation of costicartilage and dental pulp cells in human being after death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Immortalization of human dental pulp cells with transfecting of the plasmid, pMT1-neo].

A human dental pulp tissue was explanted in culture and the outgrowing cells were transfected with the plasmid, pMT1-neo, which included the early region of SV 40 DNA and the neomycin-resistant gene. The transfected cells were cloned and cultured beyond the period of senescence for the non-transfected HOP cells, over 170 passages (360 population doubling levels and 730 days). The characteristics of the transfected LSC cells and the non-transfected HOP cells were investigated during in vitro aging. The results were as follows: 1. The alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity of the HOP cells decreased as the culture passages increased. In contrast, the ALPase activity of the LSC cells did not change during the entire serial culture period. 2. The ALPase inhibitory test indicated that the ALPase in the LSC cells was the bone/liver/kidney type. 3. The addition of 250 micrograms/ml of L-ascorbic acid resulted in an increased collagen synthesis compared with that of 50 micrograms/ml. 4. The growth rate and the ALPase activity of the LSC cells were affected by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, L-ascorbic acid, beta-sodium glycerophosphate, epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor-beta even after the serial culture. These results suggest that the LSC cells preserve some properties of the dental pulp and may be useful in the future research for exploring the mechanisms of the dental hard tissue formation and for testing the biocompatibility of the dental restorative materials.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗