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PubMedDate not supplied

Combined use of condoms with other contraceptive methods among inner-city Baltimore women.

Data from a street survey conducted among 717 women aged 17-35 in two inner-city Baltimore communities in 1991-1992 indicate that 17% of the entire sample, 38% of women using the pill and 11% of users of methods other than the pill used a condom in addition to another method the last time they had intercourse. Although adolescents reported the highest rate of combined condom and pill use (22% of 17-19-year-olds), condom use was significantly associated with pill use among adult women (odds ratio of 1.57) but not among adolescents (odds ratio of 1.03). Condom use was negatively associated with use of methods such as the diaphragm, the IUD, the implant and the sponge (odds ratio of 0.21) among both adolescents and adults. Logistic regression analyses show that positive attitudes toward safer sex, ever having refused sex without a condom and believing in condom efficacy all significantly predicted use of the condom with another method. Having ever been tested for HIV was negatively related to combined use, while behavioral risk factors showed no association.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

New contraceptive methods.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the current trend toward increasing use of emergency postcoital contraception, continuous (or "extended-use") oral contraceptives (OCs) and longer-acting contraceptive delivery systems. DATA SOURCES: This review is based largely upon patient care-oriented clinical experience data, including some original work submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration by the primary investigators of these novel methods, supplemented, when appropriate, with basic pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic information. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: This review is a distillation based on an exhaustive literature search of each of the following topics: emergency postcoital contraception, continuous (extended-use) oral contraception, the weekly patch, the monthly vaginal ring and the monthly injectable. The issue of OC formulations recently begun to be marketed in this country was excluded since they have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. RESULTS: Emergency postcoital contraception is highly effective, though not as effective as available proactive methods of hormonal contraception. Of the popular regimens available, all have similar efficacy; those without estrogen are associated with less nausea and vomiting. The prophylactic administration of an antiemetic 1 hour prior to the first contraceptive dose can mitigate this adverse side effect. Continuous (or "extended" use) of OCs has become increasingly popular. This can decrease or eliminate menstruation as well as several menstruation-related complaints (e.g., dysmenorrhea, menstrual migraines and premenstrual symptoms). Despite the fact that combination OC regimens offer highly reliable contraception as well as several noncontraceptive health benefits, they are limited by the issue of daily compliance. To address this limitation, several longer-acting delivery systems were recently developed. The weekly patch, monthly vaginal ring and monthly injectable have efficacy and side effect profiles similar to those of comparable OC formulations. They offer the advantages of longer action and lower and more steady steroid levels and are free of the challenges associated with daily compliance. CONCLUSION: We need to continue to develop new and highly effective means of contraception that offer women ease of use and minimal side effects, hence leading to successful and effective use.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

[The diaphragm as a contraceptive method in the experience of users in the public health services]

This study, started in August 1989, describes the acceptability of diaphragms as part of the daily routine of 194 women enrolled at five public health care centers in Osasco, (Greater São Paulo). Follow-up of the cohort was performed by semestral home interviews until August 1991. Our data indicate that the diaphragm can be a viable alternative within the public health care setting. Women, including those from low-income groups, are interested in new alternatives to currently available contraceptive practices. Nevertheless, the cumulative rate of continuity for use of the method was only 25.7% (39 women) after a period of 12 months. Only 37.1% of women opting for the diaphragm confirm its use during every act of sexual intercourse. Most of the women (72.7%) only learned about diaphragms during the process of choosing a contraceptive method. The main reasons for discontinued use were partners' complaints, discomfort, and difficulty in handling. The findings point to the need for reformulating family planning activities to provide greater support for women, introduce initiatives to enhance male participation, and promote on-going training of health professionals with regard to the management of the method and support for its users.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Association between contraceptive method accepted and perception of information received: a comparison of Norplant and IUD acceptors.

In the present study Norplant(R) and IUD acceptors who attended the same counseling sessions have been compared on their perception of the information received at the family planning clinic. The study covered 100 acceptors of each method quota matched by parity and years of schooling. Data were obtained through home interviews. The two groups presented no significant differences when selected socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed. Norplant users recalled more information on this method than did IUD acceptors, and the content of what they remembered was different. This included concepts as important as risk of pregnancy, menstrual and health effects, and method of removal. The results suggest that the intrinsic qualities of the new method and the presence of a group of women motivated to use one with its general characteristics, are not sufficient conditions for its acceptance.

Contraception↗