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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Mediastinal lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer: comparison between spiral computed tomographic findings and pathology].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Mediastinal lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important to choose standard treatment plan and estimating prognosis. This study was to evaluate the clinical value of spiral CT in staging mediastinal lymph node in NSCLC through comparing spiral CT findings with corresponding pathology. METHODS: A total of 89 patients with pathologically proven NSCLC received spiral CT and mediastinoscopic biopsy. The spiral CT findings and corresponding pathologic findings in staging mediastinal lymph node were compared. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing mediastinal lymph node metastasis were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with corresponding pathologic results, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of mediastinal lymph node staging with spiral CT were 58.9%, 70.0%, 60.5%, 68.6%, and 65.2%, respectively. The accuracy and specificity of spiral CT was relatively low in staging 4R, 5, 6, 7 lymph node groups; the false negative and false positive rates were relatively high in staging 4R, 7 lymph node groups. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT is a non-invasive clinical examination which may be used in staging mediastinal lymph node in NSCLC; however, there exists false negative and false positive rates. It should be combined with other investigations, such as mediastinoscopy, to assess a more accurate mediastinal lymph node staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of surgical pathology reports by a computer-driven telephone facsimile (FAX) device.

The current environment of medical economics increasingly mandates that written reports on surgical pathology specimens be distributed as soon as they are verified by responsible staff members and that they find their way infallibly to clinical physicians attending the patients in question. This brief overview describes the institutional experiences of the authors in managing this aspect of data delivery at large teaching hospitals. A system for FAX-transmittal of surgical pathology reports is described, used in conjunction with a commercial computer software package that was designed explicitly for anatomic pathology.

Hospitals, University↗
PubMed2000

Correlation between high-resolution computed tomographic, magnetic resonance and pathological findings in cases with non-cancerous but suspicious lung nodules.

Computed tomography scans, including thin-section high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), occasionally fail to differentiate between small non-cancerous nodules from lung cancers. We describe nine such lesions ( < 20 mm in diameter) initially identified through our screening program for lung cancer using CT scanning. Pathological diagnoses included nodular fibrosis (n = 4), granuloma (n = 1), cryptococcoma (n = 1), localised organising pneumonia (n = 1), inflammatory pseudo-tumour (n = 1) and sclerosing haemangioma (n = 1). High-resolution CT findings, together with MRI findings with contrast-enhanced dynamic studies, were retrospectively evaluated. Additional cases should be identified and radiologically characterised in order to reduce the number of non-cancerous tumours that are treated by unnecessary surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical value of ultrasonography and computerized tomography prior to abdominal interventions].

We studied the value of ultrasound and computed tomography in the preoperative diagnosis of abdominal diseases in 100 patients. Reference methods were the reports of surgery and pathology. A computed tomography or ultrasound diagnosis could be correct or false and was considered uncertain, if the main diagnosis was missed but computed tomography or ultrasound suspected pathology, which then could be clarified by other procedures. Overall, computed tomography was superior with 75 correct, 13 false and 12 uncertain diagnoses compared to ultrasound with 58 correct, 31 false and 11 uncertain diagnoses. Ultrasound often failed because obesity or gas impaired visibility. If only cases without technical problems of ultrasound were taken into account, diseases of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, the adrenal region and other abdominal masses were equally well diagnosed by ultrasound and computed tomography. As expected, the diagnostic value of both modalities was markedly reduced in diseases of the bile duct and the gastrointestinal tract. Because the study design required both, ultrasound and computed tomography, cases already clarified by ultrasound were not included. This fact might have further reduced the sensitivity of ultrasound in comparison to computed tomography. Furthermore, ultrasound was mostly one of the first diagnostic procedures performed right after the patient's admission with little information on anamnestic and clinical data. The information given prior to computed tomography was in general more detailed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic program in monitoring and analysing of a living system.

An easy to use, for a physiologist, BASIC program based on a previous published theory (Iacobaş & Iacobaş 1985, 1987) is presented. The user should introduce the mean values, the allowed fluctuations and the experimentally determined values (at certain time moments) of the parameters which are satisfactorily describing the living system. The computer will then determine the corresponding values of the dimensionless parameters, will compute the pathological for every experimentally studied state and will build the pre-Hilbert space of normal and pathological states of the system. On request, the computer could present on the display the graph for each parameter (natural or dimensionless) and could fit the experimental data with some analytical functions giving their coefficients and the fitting standard errors. The computer could also make predictions (on request) concerning the evolution of the system in any realistic time interval.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An expert system for biopsy diagnosis of lymph node pathology using a personal computer].

The program has been developed for biopsy diagnosis in lymph node disease including tumors. The expert knowledge is based on the information about more than 200 morphological symptoms of 37 nosological unities: reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, metastatic tumors, granulomatous disease and others. The decision three consists of three sections: diffuse nontumor processes, inflammatory focal processes and tumor diffuse and focal processes. The system can provide a "second opinion" for pathologists in their professional activity and may useful as a teaching tool for medical students.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of the normal and pathologic muscular system.

A standard program of computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the human skeletal muscular system was developed. Scans were obtained on five levels: the neck, the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle, the thigh, and the lower leg. The normal size and density of several muscles were determined. CT scans were also obtained in patients with various neuromuscular diseases. Several types of lesions were found, and their morphologic descriptions and quantitative data are presented. It is concluded that CT opens new possibilities for the evaluation of muscular atrophy and hypertrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Methodologic approaches to creating an automated test on pathology].

The designers of the topical computer test on pathological anatomy based it on the test method of the control of student knowledge. First, computer standard topical tests covering all the sections of the program are developed. The stages of each test development involve working out of various tasks, the test trial and statistical processing of the test results. The statistical analysis permits assessment of individual and group student knowledge, of quality of the test itself as well as correction of the test drawbacks. Finally, the appropriate tests form a bank of computer knowledge control after putting them in as a special computer program.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of computer case simulations for teaching clinical pathology to second-year medical students.

A computer-assisted learning program for teaching clinical pathology to second year medical students has been developed and evaluated. These programs are designed to be used as supplements to formal lectures, laboratory exercises, and small group discussions. Students are given case histories and asked to select differential diagnoses, order and interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests, and make final diagnostic conclusions. In some cases, laboratory monitoring of treatment, e.g., drug therapy, is emphasized. The performance of the student is objectively evaluated during each stage. In addition, the amount spent for each workup is recorded with penalties given for excess or inappropriate test ordering. Separate evaluations are performed to assess the effectiveness of these programs as an alternative teaching format to (1) formal lectures and reading assignments, and (2) faculty-directed small group discussions. It is concluded that the computer-assisted learning method is equivalent to lectures and group discussions and is a format that is well accepted by students.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1978

Immediate pathologic confirmation of radiologic interpretations by computer feedback.

A computer system is used to provide automatic pathology diagnostic feedback to radiologists. This feedback occurs on a daily basis whenever surgical specimens are obtained for which pertinent radiologic examinations have been performed. On-line inquiry capability is also provided. The implementation relies on linkage between two operational computer systems at Massachusetts General Hospital, for pathology specimen accession management and radiology examination scheduling.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

[A computer program for recognition of normal and pathologic blood and bone marrow cells].

A computer program to identify normal and pathological blood and marrow cells is presented. It requires an analysis of cellular morphology according to ten simple criteria. These criteria are treated by the Bayesian method; then the program offers, in decreasing order, the cells which are best classified. The responses are analyzed and discussed. This program seems to be well suitable to a computer-assisted teaching (CAT) of cytology. It supplements effectively the traditional methods.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the sacrum: 2. Pathology.

Fifteen cases of primary sacral pathology were analyzed. High-resolution computed tomography was found to be the most accurate means of studying these cases. Certain anatomic changes involving the central canal and sacral foramina were found to be helpful in determining the type of pathology. Although conventional plain films, radionuclide bone scans, and myelography were useful in certain cases, computed tomography was found to be the procedure of choice in the workup of sacral problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Three-dimensional computed tomography in the diagnosis of vertebral column pathological conditions.

Three-dimensional computed tomographic scanning is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis and treatment of disease processes involving the spine. We present our experience with this noninvasive radiological diagnostic technique in 32 patients with vertebral column abnormalities ranging from craniovertebral junction disorders to fractures of lumbar vertebrae. The three-dimensional CT images often demonstrate pathological conditions and occult lesions that are not adequately defined by conventional radiographic means.

Adult↗