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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Development of a community health programme.

This formulation of the steps necessary to develop a community health programme is based on Ms Johnston's considerable experience in the "Dana Sehat" programme in Central Java, Indonesia. "Dana Sehat" means health funds and the programme is based on the concept of a community development programme, built upon a health insurance scheme. Further details on the Dana Sehat programme were given in CONTACT 31 "Community Health Care in Rural Java" and in an article by Dr Gunawan Nugroho in the WHO book "Health by the People", 1975. The following outline was first printed in CONTACT 43, February 1976.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of public health impact of schistosomiasis.

Present knowledge on the "importance"/"impact" of schistosomiasis is reviewed. Due to different methological approaches and outcome measures used as well as the substantial inter- and intra-setting variation of the epidemiology, the public health importance of schistosomiasis appears quite inconclusive for any schistosome species and cannot be generalised. In most studies "importance" is mainly understood as the amount of schistosome-related morbidity and mortality. The consequence of these morbidity patterns are however hardly specified in terms of impact on (i) the physical and socioeconomic development of an affected family/household and on (ii) the economic and social consequences for community development. It follows that impact studies mainly considered individuals as unit of analysis and hardly focused on the family/household-level. Consequently, microeconomic studies were so far not undertaken within the concept of household production models and did not distinguish between market and non-market productivity. Standardized ranking of measured schistosome-related morbidity combined with perception patterns of disease, signs, symptoms and of additional health and community development issues could lead to new approaches on how epidemiological data on the transmission and morbidity of schistosomiasis could be linked with information on health and development priorities of a community in order to estimate the relative impact of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rural development and primary health care in less developed countries.

The traditional approach has been to regard health activities as a small component of rural development programmes. Under the Primary Health Care approach health is seen as the lever for rural development. But there are tendencies in the implementation of Primary Health Care in less developed countries towards limiting the range of activities to preventive and curative personal health services and of denuding it of its community development orientation. This paper highlights some of the issues that seem to militate against the establishment of Primary Health Care with its full complement of rural development activities. These activities together with the preventive and curative personal health services undertaken in the framework of community development promise to lead to the achievement of the hitherto elusive goal of improving the socioeconomic and health status of the rural population of less developed countries.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Community organization and development for health promotion within an urban black community: a conceptual model.

The community organization and development process is not new and has its roots in social action ideology from the 1960s. The difference between the 1960s and the 1990s is in bringing together of target community consumers with representatives of private and public sector resources (with consumers in the majority), to form a community coalition board. This community coalition board must make policy decisions. Combining these community organizers and development techniques with the mission of health promotion is a viable methodology for addressing the needs of medically underserved and unserved communities. The approach is a multifactorial one, as illustrated in Figure 1. The Health Promotion Resource Center at Morehouse School of Medicine seeks to combine the ideology of community organization and development with culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate health promotion curriculum materials and intervention strategies. Within the HPRC lies the Statewide Coordinating Center for Georgia which has been funded by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Its mandate is to assist minority and poor communities in Georgia in developing community-based health promotion initiatives which address the areas of cancer, cardiovascular disease, adolescent pregnancy, substance abuse, and violence and unintentional injury. Our strategy in carrying out this mandate is the community organization and development model described in this article.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Review on development and community implementation of oral rehydration therapy.

The review of the current status and implementation of Oral Rehydration Therapy at the community level have been presented in this communication with special emphasis on its development, ORS access rate, ORS use rate and home available fluids. The global ORS supply has gone up an increased eleven folds since 1981. Similarly the ORS access rate has also increase from 46% to 68% in 1991. However, the global ORS use rate was low (21%). The major constraints during ORT implementation which have been reported by several scientists are also discussed.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community prevention of alcohol problems.

Local communities have begun using policy to affect the drinking environment itself as an approach to reducing alcohol involved trauma. That is, policy is used to produce structural changes in the drinking environment. In turn, changes in the environment effect changes in drinking behavior. This paper describes an effort in three communities in two states to reduce alcohol problems at the community level, "Preventing Alcohol Trauma: A Community Trial." This trial was a 5-year research project with a goal to reduce local alcohol-involved injuries and deaths in three experimental communities with populations of approximately 100,000 each (one in northern California, one in southern California, and one in South Carolina). The communities contained racial and ethnic diversity as well as a mix of urban, suburban, and rural settings. Each of these three communities had a control community that did not receive the prevention interventions. The project used an environmental policy approach to prevention and five mutually reinforcing components were implemented: (1) community mobilization to develop community organization and support, (2) responsible beverage service to establish standards for servers and owners/managers of on-premise alcohol outlets to reduce their risk of having intoxicated and/or underage customers in bars and restaurants. (3) a drinking and driving component to increase local drunk-driving enforcement efficiency and to increase the actual and perceived risk that drinking drivers would be detected, (4) an underage drinking component to reduce retail availability of alcohol to minors, and (5) an alcohol access component to use local zoning powers and other municipal controls of outlet numbers and density to reduce availability of alcohol. Results show that the project reduced alcohol-involved crashes, lowered sales to minors, increased the responsible alcohol serving practices of bars and restaurants, and increased community support and awareness of alcohol problems.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Improving the health of Missouri communities: a process approach.

It is important to note that while many states have communities involved in processes similar to CHART, few, if any, offer a team of professionals to support these initiatives, and none have a statewide partnership that is as committed to the process as Missouri does. The relationship between the key partner organizations is a unique phenomenon, and is certainly a key success factor for the process. CHART is an active member of the Coalition for Healthier Cities and Communities, a national network that exists as a multi-sector partnership to service the widespread communities movement in the U.S. The Coalition serves as both a link to resources, and as a voice for policy and action. The issues and concerns, as well as the successes, of Missouri communities are carried to this national Coalition to present a unified voice for communities nationwide. CHART is an innovative approach to empowered community development. It provides communities the opportunity to participate in the process of change. The CHART process provides a vehicle for communities to take charge of the future, to determine locally how issues are addressed, and to set a course that assures improved health, quality of life, and sustainable community systems for the 21st century.

Benchmarking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion practice and public health: challenge for the 1990s. Heart Health Think Tank Group.

The issue of practice skills arose in the course of a process evaluation of the Heart Smart North Shore (HSNS) project in British Columbia. We created a Think Tank of researchers and community practitioners to make recommendations for improvement of our skills. These recommendations differed according to different values for health and opinions on how to create health in the community. Because the site reviewers of the HSNS project were clear this was a disease prevention project and not a community development initiative, HSNS's orientation to skill development after the Think Tank moved toward the Precede/Proceed model, the Transtheoretical model and social marketing approaches. The Health Unit has now been restructured into multidisciplinary service teams which must focus on population health, evidence-based practice and the social determinants of health, and thus need to consider health promotion from a community development perspective and empowerment model. We suggest that learning and the development of staff and community volunteers should be seen as a continuous and reflective process that takes place at the individual, community and organizational level.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1993

Vision for the future of public health nursing: a case for primary health care.

Canada has embraced the goal of the World Health Organization to achieve health for all. This has created a paradigm shift from a focus on direct care to include health promotion and community development, consistent with a primary health care approach. Nevertheless, a clearly articulated vision for the role of public health nurses (PHNs) is lacking. Despite the fact that PHNs make up the largest group of health care workers in the community, their collective opinions and ideas regarding their own practice are seldom sought in a systematic manner. We conducted a survey of public health nurses in British Columbia. Using a two-wave Delphi approach, PHNs were asked to define issues for the future of public health nursing, and to state publicly their preferences for change and transformation. The responses were rank ordered, analyzed, and compared with recent nursing and health care literature to interpret their content. The PHNs' visions for tomorrow agree with concepts of primary health care and community development, and have implications for community health nursing's practice and education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Clinical skill development for community pharmacists.

The importance of establishing clinical pharmacy services in the community cannot be understated in light of current challenges to the traditional dispensing role as the primary service of the community pharmacist. Advancements in automated dispensing technology and declining prescription fee reimbursement are rapidly forcing pharmacists to seek alternative sources of revenue. Providing pharmaceutical care is a viable option to increase customer loyalty job satisfaction, and reimbursement. To support the development of clinical services, academic institutions are forming partnerships with individual community practitioners to overcome perceived educational and training barriers. The authors describe the design and development of two unique clinical skill development programs at the University of Illinois at Chicago. This paper also outlines the patient focused services that the participants have established upon completing the training. These programs successfully enhanced participants' therapeutic knowledge base and facilitated development of the clinical skills necessary for direct patient care.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1983

Perspectives on acute gastroenteritis in black South African infants.

In developing countries, gastroenteritis is the major cause of infant mortality; however, owing to inadequate laboratory facilities and personnel, little is known about the status of enteropathogenic agents, especially rotavirus. Disease patterns differ between developed and developing communities, and rotavirus plays a markedly lesser role in the overall etiology of the disease in developing than in developed countries--where it is one of the major etiological agents. This may be due to extensive exposure to rotavirus in developing communities during and soon after the neonatal period, causing inapparent or mild clinical infection that could result in immunity during the significant target age of 6 to 24 months. This immunity may have important implications for immunization. However, immunoprophylaxis should be secondary to an improvement in socioeconomic conditions. The dramatic reduction in incidence and mortality of gastroenteritis seen in the Black urban populations of Johannesburg and Cape Town was a direct result of improvements in nutrition, housing, sanitation, etc.

Black or African American↗