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PubMed1993

[A successful repair of traumatic thoracic aortic injury and descending colon perforation at acute phase].

A 41-year-old man suffered from traffic accident was referred to us because of chest and back pain. The CT examination showed periaortic hematoma and aortography revealed aneurysmal formation at the distal site to the left subclavian artery. We repaired the aortic injury with prosthetic graft at the acute phase successfully. As the results of the conservative treatment of the traumatic aortic injury are poor, we recommend operation at the acute phase.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1977

[Congenital giant diverticulum of the descending colon (author's transl)].

At the autopsy of an 80 years old women an about 60 cm long vermiform deverticulum of the colon was detected originating immediately distal from the left colic flexure and running retroperitoneally downnard versus the promontorium. On the basis of topography, histology and length this structure was interpreted as a congenital traction deverticulum.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

S-methyltransferases in human intestine: differential distribution of the microsomal thiol methyltransferase and cytosolic thiopurine methyltransferase along the human bowel.

1. The activities of the microsomal thiol methyltransferase and the cytosolic thiopurine methyltransferase were measured with 2-mercaptoethanol and 6-mercaptopurine as substrates in human ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and liver. 2. Thiol methyltransferase activity (pmol/min per mg) (mean +/- SD) was 495 +/- 280 (ileum), 786 +/- 454 (ascending colon), 1791 +/- 233 (transverse colon), 964 +/- 484 (descending colon) and 4800 +/- 1194 (liver). 3. Thiopurine methyltransferase (pmol/min per mg) (mean +/- SD) was 53.5 +/- 15.4 (ileum), 34.6 +/- 11.4 (ascending colon), 64.3 +/- 12.1 (transverse colon), 57.0 +/- 10.1 (descending colon) and 106 +/- 20.4 (liver). 4. Transferase in intestinal mucosa followed non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and two phases representing high and low affinity forms, for the acceptor methyl substrates were observed. 5. Comparison of intestinal with hepatic activities showed that thiopurine methyltransferase is better expressed than thiol methyltransferase in the human intestine, at least with the substrates studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Colonization of cattle intestines by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lanienae.

The location and abundance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lanienae in the intestines of beef cattle were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR in two studies. In an initial study, digesta and tissue samples were obtained along the digestive tract of two beef steers known to shed C. jejuni and C. lanienae (steers A and B). At the time of slaughter, steer B weighed 540 kg, compared to 600 kg for steer A, yet the intestine of steer B (40.5 m) was 36% longer than the intestine of steer A (26.1 m). In total, 323 digesta samples (20-cm intervals) and 998 tissue samples (3.3- to 6.7-cm intervals) were processed. Campylobacter DNA was detected in the digesta and in association with tissues throughout the small and large intestines of both animals. Although C. jejuni and C. lanienae DNA were detected in both animals, only steer A contained substantial quantities of C. jejuni DNA. In both digesta and tissues of steer A, C. jejuni was present in the duodenum and jejunum. Considerable quantities of C. jejuni DNA also were observed in the digesta obtained from the cecum and ascending colon, but minimal DNA was associated with tissues of these regions. In contrast, steer B contained substantial quantities of C. lanienae DNA, and DNA of this bacterium was limited to the large intestine (i.e., the cecum, proximal ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum); the majority of tissue-associated C. lanienae DNA was present in the cecum, descending colon, and rectum. In a second study, the location and abundance of C. jejuni and C. lanienae DNA were confirmed in the intestines of 20 arbitrarily selected beef cattle. DNA of C. jejuni and C. lanienae were detected in the digesta of 57% and 95% of the animals, respectively. C. jejuni associated with intestinal tissues was most abundant in the duodenum, ileum, and rectum. However, one animal contributed disproportionately to the abundance of C. jejuni DNA in the ileum and rectum. C. lanienae was most abundant in the large intestine, and the highest density of DNA of this bacterium was found in the cecum. Therefore, C. jejuni colonized the proximal small intestine of asymptomatic beef cattle, whereas C. lanienae primarily resided in the cecum, descending colon, and rectum. This information could be instrumental in developing efficacious strategies to manage the release of these bacteria from the gastrointestinal tracts of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Bowel wall fat halo sign in patients without intestinal disease.

OBJECTIVE: Stratification with a fat layer in the intestinal wall is thought to be a reliable marker for inflammatory bowel disease. We evaluated the presence and frequency of the bowel wall fat halo sign in patients undergoing abdominal CT for clinical indications unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 100 consecutive abdominal and pelvic CT examinations in 61 men and 39 women (mean age, 56 years) with clinical suspicion of renal stone disease. Two radiologists experienced in abdominal imaging performed qualitative and quantifiable assessment of the images. Five segments of the colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum) and the terminal ileum (for approximately 1 ft [30 cm]) were evaluated for the presence of the fat halo sign. If the fat halo sign was present, fat density and total wall-thickness assessments were made. Presence or absence of clinical and radiologic signs of inflammatory bowel disease was determined. The Student's t test was used to evaluate the statistical significance, correlating body weight and presence of the halo sign. RESULTS: The fat halo sign was seen in 21 (21%) of 100 patients. Of the 21 patients with the fat halo sign, six (29%) had renal stone disease and 15 (71%) had no stone disease. The density value of the halo sign ranged from -18 to -64 H (mean, -41 H). The distribution of the fat halo sign was as follows: the terminal ileum, 4%; the ascending colon, 28%; the transverse colon, 34%; the descending colon, 36%; the sigmoid colon, 14%; and rectum, 10%. No patient with this sign had any remote, recent, or subsequently recorded history of inflammatory bowel disease. A statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) was seen between the presence of the fat halo sign and body weight distribution, with 16 of 21 patients weighing over 200 lb (90 kg). CONCLUSION: In the absence of clinical or radiologic evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, the presence of the fat halo sign may represent a normal finding that is possibly related to obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Cytomegalovirus colitis in AIDS: CT features.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the CT features of cytomegalovirus colitis in patients with AIDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Abdominal CT scans of 24 patients with biopsy-proved cytomegalovirus colitis (colonoscopy, n = 14; sigmoidoscopy, n = 8; surgery, n = 2) were jointly reviewed by two observers. Patients were men 26-68 years old (mean age, 39 years; SD, 9 years) with CD4 counts of 3-129 mm3 (mean, 32 mm3; SD, 34 mm3). The mean interval between CT and biopsy was 6 days (range, 0-20 days; SD, 6 days). Scans were assessed for colonic wall thickening (> or = 4 mm), ulceration, mural edema, pericolonic stranding, ascites, lymphadenopathy, and thickening of the small-bowel wall. Mural involvement was recorded as asymmetric or circumferential. Disease location was recorded as ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectosigmoid colon, or pancolonic. RESULTS: Colonic wall thickening of 8 to 33 mm (mean, 15 mm; SD, 6 mm) was seen in 22 patients. One patient had pancolonic involvement. The ascending colon was involved in 13, the transverse colon in five, the descending colon in 10, and the rectosigmoid colon in 16. Circumferential colonic thickening was seen in 17 patients. Deep mural ulceration was seen in 15 patients, mural edema in 15, pericolonic stranding in 23, ascites in 10, lymphadenopathy in four, and small-bowel involvement in 10. Two patients had appendicitis. Three patients had perforations (two rectal, one cecal). One patient had a giant rectal ulcer. CONCLUSION: Although many of the CT features of cytomegalovirus colitis are nonspecific, the diagnosis should be suggested when CT shows colonic wall thickening, particularly if the thickening is associated with mural ulceration in patients with AIDS and CD4 counts of less than 200 mm3.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1990

The plain abdominal radiograph in the assessment of constipation.

To investigate the value of the plain abdominal radiograph in the assessment of constipation we prospectively studied 30 patients (20 females, 10 males, mean age 48.6 years, range 21-76 years). These patients underwent the following tests: plain abdominal radiograph in supine position, measurement of stool weight (mean of 5 days) and whole gut transit time (20 radioopaque pellets, fluoroscopy of stools). All patients completed a questionnaire regarding their defaecation characteristics (a.o. average defaecation frequency and faecal consistency). The abdominal films were coded and independently scored for the degree of faecal stasis in ascending, transverse, descending colon and rectosigmoid by four gastroenterologists. To each of these parts of the colon a score of 1 (no faeces) to 4 (loaded with faeces) was assigned. The film scores given by the four observers were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001). Significant correlations were found between the radiograph scores and frequency of defaecation, faecal consistency and stool weight. The strength of these correlations were of the same order of magnitude as those between the other subjective and objective defaecation variables. The scores for the left colon (descending colon and rectosigmoid) showed a better correlation with the other defaecation parameters than the scores for the right colon. It is concluded that in the assessment of constipation a simple plain abdominal radiograph is as reliable as measurement of faecal weight or marker transit and can thus be advocated as the first procedure. When an abdominal radiograph is used for this purpose the stasis in the descending and sigmoid colon provides most information.

Adult↗