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PubMed2004

[Spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in patients with chronic chlamydia infection of urogenital system].

The article contributes to studying functional activity of mononuclear and macrophage immune cells by spontaneous and induced production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha cytokines in patients with chronic urogenital clamidiosis. The patients with monoinfection were shown to have high level of IL-1 and low level of TNF-alpha, while the patients with mixed infection of urogenital tract presented with the high production of TNF-alpha. The cells activation raise cytokines production not to the level observed among healthy persons. It suggests decreasing compensatory regulation in yet higher activated cells.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Differential regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells upon Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in humans. Both genital and ocular C. trachomatis infections are associated with tissue inflammation and pathology. Dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens and are a source of inflammatory cytokines. To determine the potential contribution of DC to the inflammatory process, human DC were infected with C. trachomatis serovar E or L2. Both C. trachomatis serovars were found to infect and replicate in DC. Upon infection, DC up-regulated the expression of costimulatory (B7-1) and cell adhesion (ICAM-1) molecules. Furthermore, chlamydial infection induced the secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The mechanisms involved in Chlamydia-induced IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion differed from those of the other cytokines. Chlamydia-induced IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion required infection with viable bacteria and was associated with the Chlamydia-induced activation of caspase-1 in infected host cells. In contrast, TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion did not require that the Chlamydia be viable, suggesting that there are at least two mechanisms involved in the Chlamydia-induced cytokine secretion in DC. Interestingly, an antibody to Toll-like receptor 4 inhibited Chlamydia-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha secretion. The data herein demonstrate that DC can be infected by human C. trachomatis serovars and that chlamydial components regulate the secretion of various cytokines in DC. Collectively, these data suggest that DC play a role in the inflammatory processes caused by chlamydial infections.

Caspase 1↗
PubMed2000

[Chlamydia infection and peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy in Niger].

Peripartum cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy is common in sub-saharan Africa. The etiology is unknown. This study was performed in Niger to assess a possible relationship between peripartum cardiomyopathy and Chlamydia. A total of 50 African women presenting peripartum cardiomyopathy underwent testing for infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Chlamydia psittaci. The inclusion criteria were cardiac failure during the last three months of pregnancy or first 6 months postpartum with echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy. Similar testing was carried out in a control group of 25 African women from the same geographical location without cardiac disease. Detection of specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies was performed using the microimmunofluorescence technique. The cut-off values were > or = 1/32 for specific IgG antibody and > or = 1/16 for specific IgA and IgM antibody. Statistical comparison of the patient and control groups was achieved using the chi 2 test. For Chlamydia pneumoniae, 48 patients (96 p. 100) versus 20 controls (80 p. 100) controls were positive for IgG antibodies (p < 0.025) and 39 patients (80 p. 100) versus 14 controls (56 p. 100) were positive for IgA antibodies (p < 0.05). No patient or control demonstrated IgM antibodies for Chlamydia pneumoniae. For Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci, differences in positive rates were not statistically significant. This is the first study demonstrating infection in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy. The possible role of Chlamydia pneumoniae is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Chlamydia infection in Reiter's syndrome].

We report on 129 patients (109 females, 21 males) clinically suspect of Reiter's syndrome (RS).52 (48%) of the patients were positive for C. trachomatis. In 39.8% of the patients, we found antibodies against chlamydial complement with the titers 1:4 to 1:16. The titers 1:16 and higher were present in 33.3% of the men and in 22.2% of the women. Direct electron microscopy of urethral biopsies and synovial fluids revealed chlamydial elementary and initial bodies in 54.1% of the cases. Cytological investigations showed chlamydial inclusions in 38% of the patients. One strain of C. trachomatis could be isolated from urethral samples of two men in chicken embryos. HLA-B27 antigen was found in 86% of the patients positive for Chlamydia and and in 50% of those negative for Chlamydia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnosis of ocular Chlamydia infections by direct detection].

Conjunctival smears of 75 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of oculogenital chlamydial infection were evaluated with the monoclonal antibody direct test (SyvaMerck and Orion Research). 69 isolates were correlated with McCoy cell cultures and serum IgG immunofluorescent tests. Sensitivity (100%) and specificity (56-76%) of the monoclonal antibody direct test was comparable to data from recently published studies on genital smears.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

[Several years' course of an oculogenital Chlamydia infection].

A 46-year-old woman had been suffering from recurrent bilateral keratoconjunctivitis, vascularized corneal scars, and incipient pannus vasculosus for five years. Oculogenital chlamydial disease was diagnosed by Giemsa stains, McCoy cell culture, and serum IgG immunofluorescent techniques. Isolates from cervical smears were positive for C. trachomatis in cell cultures. Systemic therapy with doxycycline 200 mg per day for 14 days resulted in resolution of the acute symptoms and no further recurrences. The patient's partner was also treated with tetracyclines. Because of reduction of vision, a lamellar corneal grafting was performed.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of Chlamydia immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA rELISAs Medac for diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of respiratory diseases in humans. Cell culture remains the most specific method for C. pneumoniae diagnosis, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Thus, serology, particularly microimmunofluorescence (MIF) testing, is frequently utilized. However, the MIF test has a significant subjective component. We evaluated a new serological test: Chlamydia Immunoglobulin M (IgG, IgA, and IgM rELISAs Medac, based on a recombinant Chlamydia-specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fragment, for the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection. The results of this study demonstrated that the use of rELISAs Medac with single sera does not appear to be sensitive or specific for diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection compared to culture. In children, sensitivities of the rELISAs compared to culture did not exceed 34.2%, and the specificities ranged from 68.4% (IgG) to 91.2% (IgA). In adults, the sensitivities of the rELISAs were slightly higher, up to 77.8% (IgA or IgG), but the specificities ranged from a very low 20.8% for IgA or IgG to 81.1% for IgM. When multiple sera were tested, the results of the rELISAs Medac correlated with culture results in five of eight (62.5%) patients. However, this offers only a retrospective diagnosis, which makes it difficult to manage these patients prospectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Combined treatment of persisting urogenital chlamydia infection with sumamed and interferon alfa].

The results of complex treatment of 235 patients with persisting urogenital chlamidial infection are presented. The treatment regime included immunotropic agent interferone alfa-alpha 2b and antibiotic azithromycin (Sumamed, "Pliva", Croatia) 1 g per day 3 times every 7 days. Chlamidial persistence diagnosis was performed by culture method (determination of small cytoplasmic inclusions), by the method of immune fluorescence and PCR. The treatment provided positive influence on immune status (amount of CD4+; HLA-DR+ cell and IgA level normalized after the treatment). In 3 months after the treatment only 2 cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection recurrence were registered. Treatment efficacy achieves 94.8 per cent.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

A family outbreak of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

Chlamydia pneumoniae, a newly described Chlamydia species, has been shown to be a cause of acute respiratory tract infection in both adults and children, but its role in human infection is still under investigation. Here we present a family outbreak of C. pneumoniae infection where three members of a family presented with a 'flu-like illness' and acute upper respiratory tract infection which did not improve despite penicillin or septrin therapy. No history of exposure to birds, pets or animals was obtained. As C. pneumoniae isolation from respiratory secretions is not without difficulty, diagnosis usually relies currently on serum-based tests. In this study C. pneumoniae specific IgM determined by the micro-immunofluorescence test was detected in the three clinical cases. All three cases had an elevated complement-fixing antibody titre to Psittacosis-LGV antigen, which may have suggested psittacosis, if type-specific tests had not been performed. In addition, three other members of the family had C. pneumoniae-specific IgG antibody although specific IgM was absent. These three younger members of the family had been symptomatic in the month preceding symptoms in their older sibling and their parents. All the symptomatic members of the family made a complete recovery on tetracycline therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Preliminary serological survey on Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infection among gonorrhoea cases].

The antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) in 123 sera from the patients with gonorrhoea and 108 sera from the healthy persons control were detected with micro-indirect hemagglutination test. The results showed that the antibody to Mh positive rate was 23.58%, GMT 1: 7.60, and to Ct 72.35%, GMT 1: 8.71 in the patients. The differences of the antibody levels between the patients and the controls were significant. It was suggested that the urogenital infections caused by Mh and/or Ct are common in the patients with gonorrhoea in Liuzhou area, Guang Xi Autonomous Region of China. The significance and distributional characteristics of Mh and Ct infections in the urogenital system and the reasons about higher positive rate in the patients with gonorrhea were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Phthirus pubis as a predictor for chlamydia infections in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Providers not skilled in the evaluation of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may treat pubic lice infestation without considering other organisms. This study compared the rate of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in adolescents with and without pubic lice. GOAL: The goals of the study were to compare the rate of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections between adolescents infested or not infested with pubic lice and to evaluate lice infestation as a predictor for concurrent chlamydia or gonorrhea infection. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of sexually active adolescents at a juvenile detention center in the Midwest between July 1998 and June 2000 was conducted. The index group was 62 adolescents with pubic lice screened for concurrent STIs. The control group included 201 randomly selected adolescents without pubic lice who underwent STI screening. RESULTS: In the entire study population (263 subjects), there were 60 cases of chlamydia (23% of all subjects) and 29 cases of gonorrhea (11%). Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was present in 18% of index subjects and 9% of controls. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was noted in 39% of index subjects and 18% of controls. Pubic lice infestation predicted C trachomatis infection (odds ratio = 3.31). CONCLUSIONS: Pubic lice infestation is predictive of a concurrent C trachomatis infection in this population. Adolescents infested with pubic lice should be screened for other STIs, including chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation of detection of Chlamydia infection of the urethra sperm].

In the group of 150 men with urological diseases simultaneous examinations of urethra swabs and sperm specimens were done. By culture method on McCoy cells Chlamydia trachomatis was found more frequently in semen (46.7%) than in urethra (35.3%); in 103 patients with urethritis the results were 43.6% and 33.0% respectively. Consistently positive results were obtained in 33 (26.0%) and consistently negative ones in 66 (44.05) of all examined men. In 31 (20.7%) patients, 22 with urethritis including Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from semen alone and in 14 (9.3%) from urethra alone. The above findings suggest that human semen constitutes a valuable diagnostic material in cases suspected of infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Experimental rabbit models of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR), a common cause of acute respiratory disease in humans, has recently been associated with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated rabbit models of chlamydial infection to investigate the pathogenesis of C. pneumoniae infection. New Zealand White rabbits were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with C. pneumoniae, strain AR-39, and primary and repeated infection were assessed. After a single inoculation, lung pathology was characterized by a moderate self-resolving interstitial pneumonia with bronchiolitis of 21 days in duration. Chlamydial DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) intermittently in the upper respiratory tract and lung tissue through day 21 postinoculation, spleen tissue at day 14, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells at days 3 and 21. After repeated inoculations, chlamydial DNA was detected by PCR in the upper respiratory tract and lung tissue through day 42. Lung lesions consisted of multifocal interstitial mononuclear cell aggregates that persisted up to day 42. Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits were less susceptible to C. pneumoniae infection. After multiple inoculations of Watanabe rabbits, C. pneumoniae was detected by PCR and/or immunocytochemistry until day 21. In conclusion, C. pneumoniae induced a moderate respiratory infection in these rabbit models.

Animals↗