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Results for “Child Reactive Disorders”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Appraisals of negative events by preadolescent children of divorce.

This study investigated the appraisals of the significance of negative events made by 256 preadolescent children of divorce. Appraisals were assessed by a 24-item self-report scale. Confirmatory factor analysis of this scale found support for a 3-dimensional model: negative self-appraisal, negative other-appraisal, and material loss. Differentiation between the dimensions of appraisal increased with age in both cross-sectional and over-time data. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity of the self-report measure of appraisals was found with scores derived from children's open-ended descriptions of their appraisals. Cross-sectional structural equation models found significant paths between negative appraisal and psychological symptoms, over and above the direct effects of the traditional life event measure of stress. Structural equation modeling of longitudinal (5.5 months) data found a significant path from Time 1 appraisal to Time 2 anxiety for the older children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

[Psychopathologic structure of reactive depression in young children].

Thirty-four children, aged 1 to 3.5 years, with a reactive depressive state were examined. Using the ontogenetic approach, the authors analyze affective as well as somatovegetative, psychomotor and behavioural disorders in the structure of the abnormal state. The authors have identified stages of disease development, as well as productive and negative dysontogenetic disturbances secondary to protracted reactive depressions in young children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Psychiatric sequelae in seriously ill children and their families.

Going through a life-threatening illness as a child or adolescent is a tremendously stressful experience for the entire family. Although the majority of survivors do go on to adjust and function well, some have ongoing problems. These problems include evidence of posttraumatic stress, learning difficulties, depression, and anxiety. Their parents appear to be even more severely affected, possibly because they had a better appreciation at the time of the true dangers posed by the illness and the treatment. Little is yet known about their siblings, although it is clear that the acute stage of illness and treatment effects the entire family. Areas needing study include the long-term sequelae on siblings of survivors, as well as a better understanding of the precipitants and mediators of the problems noted in survivors and parents. Only then can interventions and preventative measures be undertaken and tested. Also needed is a better understanding of the impact of cultural differences on precipitants, mediators, and symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Can spouse support be accurately and reliably rated? A generalizability study of families with disruptive boys.

The present study addressed two questions: Can support be accurately and reliably rated? What are the relative setting and subject effects on observed spouse support? From a sample of families with a disruptive boy, the supportive or stressing behaviors of the father towards the mother were rated by trained observers in four different standardized situations. A generalizability study was carried out to assess the relative contribution of variance due to subjects, situations, and raters on the support and stress scores. Results indicate a reliable inter-rater assessment of observed spouse support. Spouse support appears to be controlled both by personal and by situational characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The dimensions of meaning and belonging in the process of divorce.

Emotional reactions to divorce are described, with particular reference to the loss of social definition faced by members of the separating family. It is suggested that, for children in particular, disruption of the family matrix constitutes a crisis of meaning and belonging that may be central to the impact of divorce.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Looking for childhood schizophrenia: case series of false positives.

Extensive experience with the diagnosis of childhood-onset schizophrenia indicates a high rate of false positives. Most mislabeled patients have chronic disabling, affective, or behavioral disorders. The authors report the cases of three children who passed stringent initial childhood-onset schizophrenia "screens" but had no chronic psychotic disorder. For two, the European literature yielded more fitting diagnoses: psychosis not otherwise specified (e.g., reactive or psychogenic psychosis, paranoid schizophrenia), single episode in full remission (e.g., anxiety psychosis), and factitious disorder (DSM-IV 300.16). These cases illustrate that transient psychotic illnesses can be misdiagnosed as childhood-onset schizophrenia. Proper identification can prevent years of inappropriate therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Are early childhood experiences overrated? A reassessment of maternal deprivation.

The opinion that early maternal deprivation (absence of mother, lack of stimulation, multiple caregivers) results in lasting damage to intellectual and emotional development is generally accepted. In a real-time longitudinal study 137 children, part of a representative sample of Kt. Zürich (Switzerland) who spent the first years in residential nurseries, were investigated at age 12.6 +/- 8 months and again at age 14 years. In IQ and education this group at follow-up was not different from the general population. The children were no less popular than a control group of classmates. There were, however, among them two to three times more psychiatric cases than among a Swiss comparison group. Behavioral and emotional disorders were not connected with status at first examination or variables of the early environment, but with psychosocial risk factors in the environment the children lived in after leaving the nurseries: parental discord, divorce, psychosocial disorder in parents, presence of step family, abuse. This finding is confirmed by other prospective and retrospective studies. Early deprivation is almost always an indicator that an unfavorable situation will continue throughout childhood. If, on the other hand, the environment changes completely, as it does after adoption, early deprivation by itself does not appear as a risk factor. The role of the mother-child relationship and of early influences in general on personality ought to be reconsidered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

An empirical analysis of behavioral and emotional problems of foster children as related to re-placement in care.

Foster care is seen as a temporary service. However, for many children, foster care involves years of long term care. Most professionals feel that if a child must remain in care, the number of foster homes or re-placements the child experiences should be minimized. Evidence suggests that this lack of stability has a detrimental effect on the child's psychosocial development. Even though the research evidence supports the negative impact of re-placement on the foster child, little empirical research has dealt with identification of factors associated with children likely to be re-placed. This article focuses on foster children with behavioral and emotional problems and analyzes the association of these problems with placement stability and continuity. The findings report that children with behavioral and emotional problems are replaced in foster care more often than those children without similar problems.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1985

The impact of maltreatment on children's psychosocial adjustment: a review of the research.

While there is wide consensus that child victims of maltreatment are at risk for future social and psychological maladjustment, conspicuously few controlled empirical studies which examine this problem exist. The relative inattention to the psychological sequelae of child maltreatment is unfortunate since observations suggest that exposure to physical abuse and/or neglect has serious consequences for the child's present and long-term adjustment. The present paper reviews the most current empirical research on the psychosocial adjustment of maltreated children.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1993

The NIMH community violence project: II. Children's distress symptoms associated with violence exposure.

The rising tide of violence in American cities has placed the causes and consequences of violence squarely on the public health agenda. The U.S. Government's Year 2000 National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives includes a full chapter devoted to violence issues and delineates a number of goals and programs aimed at reducing the number of deaths and injuries associated with violence (Public Health Service 1990). Notably absent from these objectives, however, is attention to the possible adverse psychological consequences of exposure to acute or chronic violence. Nonetheless, in light of numerous media reports of children's exposure to community violence and recent reports documenting high levels of exposure even among very young children (Richters and Martinez 1993), it is reasonable to question whether the risks of exposure extend beyond death and physical injury to psychological well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Children of marital violence: a closer look at the unintended victims.

The impact of marital violence on male children was assessed via data provided by mothers in three groups: maritally abused; nonviolent, maritally discordant; and satisfactorily married. Both marital violence and nonviolent marital discord were found to be related to behavioral and emotional problems in the witnessing children. Frequency of exposure to both discord and violence and punitive maternal parenting style were also shown to have differential negative effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

"Sociopathy" and its synonyms: inappropriate diagnoses in child psychiatry.

The use of the diagnosis "sociopathy" and its synonyms hinders the search for other kinds of symptomatology, the recognition of which might lead to appropriate therapeutic intervention. The authors therefore suggest that the terms "sociopathic personality," "antisocial personality," and "acting out aggressive reaction of childhood or adolescence" be eliminated as primary diagnoses from the psychiatric nomenclature for children or adolescents. Two case reports are presented to emphasize the damage these diagnoses can cause.

Adolescent↗